ʻO Spiny newt (Pleurodeles waltl) - kahi ʻano amphibians e pili ana i ka genus Ribbed newts mai ke kauoha amphibians i hoʻopili ʻia. ʻO ka spiny newt no kekahi o nā lāhulu nui loa o nā newts, ʻo ka hiʻohiʻona nui loa o ia nā wēlau kiko o nā iwi iwi ʻaoʻao, e puka ana mai nā ʻaoʻao i ka manawa o ka weliweli. ʻO ka mea i hūnā ʻia ka lāʻau make ma nā wēlau o nā iwi ʻaoʻao, e hoʻonāukiuki ana i nā mea leʻaleʻa i ka mea ʻaihue a koi iā ia e waiho wale i kāna mea pio. No laila mai kēia inoa.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Spiny newt
ʻO nā newa nila a me nā ʻano hou o nā newts he amphibians kahiko loa, kahi pālahalaha loa. Ma hope o ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ua hoʻoneʻe nā aniani o ka wā Quaternary iā lākou i ka hema a me ke komohana o ʻEulopa. I kēia lā noho kēia ʻano i kahi palena loa, kahi i ʻike ʻia ai he endemik.
Video: ʻO Spiny Newt
He mau holoholona nunui kēia, i hiki i nā kūlana kūlohelohe ke ulu a 23 cm ka lōʻihi, ʻoiai ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana i ko lākou lōʻihi hiki i 30 cm a ʻoi aku. ʻO nā wahine, ma ke ʻano he kaulike, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā kāne, akā ʻaʻohe mea ʻokoʻa iā lākou. ʻAʻohe o ka piko piko o Spiny newts. Pokole kā lākou huelo - ma kahi o ka hapalua o ka lōʻihi, pālahalaha ʻia, ʻokiʻoki ʻia me nā pelu fin, a poepoe ʻia i ka hopena.
He ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele a ʻaneʻane ʻaneʻane ʻeleʻele ka ʻili me nā wahi aniani māmā. He kaulike ʻole ia i ka hoʻopā, grainy loa, tuberous a me glandular. Aia kekahi mau helu ʻulaʻula a melemele paha i nā ʻaoʻao o ke kino. Ma kēia mau wahi i puka ai nā wēlau ʻoi o nā iwi ʻaoʻao o ka newt inā pilikia. ʻOi aku ka māmā o ka ʻōpū o nā amphibian, hina i ke kala a me nā wahi ʻeleʻele liʻiliʻi.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: I ke pio ʻana, hānai ʻia ke ʻano albino o spiny newts - me kahi kua keʻokeʻo, ʻōpū keʻokeʻo-melemele a me nā maka ʻulaʻula.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Spanish spiny newt
Mālie a ʻōlinolino ka ʻili o Newts ʻoiai i loko o ka wai. Ke hele aku nā holoholona i ka ʻāina e hanu a ʻimi holoholona paha, maloʻo loa ko lākou ʻili, a lilo i ʻākala, ʻeleʻele a puʻupuʻu hoʻi. ʻO ke poʻo o nā amphibians e like me ko ka rana me nā maka gula liʻiliʻi, hāwele e kau ana ma nā ʻaoʻao.
Ma muli o ka nui o nā momona dorsal ulu, ke kino o nā spiny newts ke nānā aku i ka huina ke nānā ʻia mai kēlā ʻaoʻao. ʻO ka iwi iwi o nā holoholona he 56 vertebrae. Hoʻohui ʻia i nā iwi ʻaoʻao ʻoiʻoi e kū i waho ke pale ʻia e ka haki ʻana i ka ʻili, nui nā ʻōpala ʻona ma ke kino o ka newt. He nāwaliwali ka lāʻau make i nā new spiny a ʻaʻole ia he mea make, akā i ka wā e kū ai i nā ʻāpala i nā membrane mucous o ka ʻenemi, i hoʻokau ʻia e nā iwi iwi ʻaoʻao ʻoi o ka newt, he mea ia e ʻeha ai ka mea hoʻomakeʻa.
Mea hoihoi: Hoʻolālā nui nā lehelehe cloacal i nā wahine, a hypertrophied i nā kāne.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i ke ʻano o kahi spiny newt. E ʻike kāua i kona wahi e noho ai.
Ma hea e noho ai ka spiny newt?
Kiʻi: Spiny newt ma Sepania
ʻOiwi ʻo Ribbed newt i Pokukala (ʻaoʻao komohana), Sepania (ʻaoʻao komohana hema) a me Morocco (ʻĀkau ʻākau). Noho ʻo Newts ma nā waihona wai me ka wai anuanu maikaʻi. ʻIke ʻike ʻole ʻia ma nā kuahiwi o Granada (Sierra di Logia) ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 1200 m. Hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma kahi hohonu o 60-70 m i nā ana e pili ana iā Bukhot a i ʻole Ben Slaymain ma Morocco. Noho ka Spanish spiny newt ma kahi hohonu o 1 m i nā wai kahe haʻahaʻa: i nā ʻauwai, nā loko, nā loko.
Mea hoihoi: ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu loa, ua wehewehe ka poʻe biologist Suède i ka genome spt newt. Ma ke ʻano he hopena o ka noiʻi, ua ʻike ʻia aia i loko o ka code DNA o ka holoholona he mau manawa i ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻike kūpuna ma mua o ke code DNA kanaka. Hoʻohui ʻia, loaʻa i nā mea hou nā repertoire regenerative nui loa o nā holoholona wāwae ʻehā. Hiki iā lākou ke ulu a hoʻonohonoho hou i kā lākou huelo, nā lālā, nā iwi, ka puʻuwai puʻuwai, a me nā ʻili lolo. ʻO ke kaʻina aʻe o ka noiʻi he noiʻi kikoʻī o ka hana o ka hana hou ʻana o nā hunaola a me pehea e hoʻopili ai nā pūnaewele kūmole i nā hana hou o nā mea hou.
ʻAʻole mea nui ka maʻemaʻe o ka wai no kēia mau amphibians. Hana maikaʻi lākou i nā kino wai paʻakai. Hiki i ka Spanish newt ke alakaʻi i ke ola wai a me ka honua, akā naʻe, ʻoi aku ka makemake o ka mea hou ma mua, no laila ʻaʻole ʻike pinepine ʻia ma ka ʻāina. Noho mau nā nila nila i hoʻokahi kino wai no kekahi mau makahiki, a i ʻole ko lākou ola holoʻokoʻa. Inā, no kekahi kumu, ua pau ko lākou nohona i kūpono iā lākou, a laila neʻe lākou e ʻimi i kahi home hou, a hana lākou i ka wā ua e pale i ka make wai. I ke kauwela, i ka wela loa, i ka wā maloʻo loa, hiki i nā amphibians ke waiho i nā kino wai a hūnā i nā lua hohonu a me nā kahawai ma waena o nā pōhaku. I kēia manawa, paʻakikī ka ʻike hou i nā mea hou, no ka mea, hele mai lākou i luna i ka pō a e ʻimi wale.
He aha ka mea a ka spiny newt e ʻai ai?
Kiʻi: Spiny newt mai ka Red Book
He ʻaihue maoli nā Needle newts, akā ʻaʻole lākou he gourmets kūikawā i ka meaʻai, no laila hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i nā mea āpau. ʻO ke kūlana nui: pono e lele, holo a kolo paha kā lākou meaʻai kūpono, ʻo ia hoʻi, ke ola nei. I ka ʻai ʻana, ua hina lākou ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi ʻole, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia nā mea hou, akā ʻo nā hihia o ka cannibalism, keu hoʻi i ka pio.
ʻO ka papa kuhikuhi i kēlā me kēia lā no nā amphibians e like me kēia:
- pūpū;
- ilo:
- invertebrates liʻiliʻi;
- nā mea kolo;
- nahesa opio.
I ke kauwela, ke wela nui ʻoiai i ka wai a koi ʻia nā newts e hūnā mai ka wela, hoʻomanawanui maʻalahi lākou i ka pōloli wā pōkole. I loko o nā pāʻani moena, ke hele a mua ka hanauna hānau a ʻoi aku ka ikaika ma mua o nā pono ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole ʻai nā amphibians i kekahi mea, akā hakakā me nā hoa paio, e nānā pono i nā wahine, ka hoa, a me ka spawn.
I ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana, makemake nā spiny newts e ʻai i ka meaʻai ola. Kūpono no kēia nā ʻenuhe, nā lele, nā ʻūhini, nā nīnū, nā slug, nā ʻokena, a me nā ʻāpana o ka ʻiʻo maka iʻa a iʻa paha. Hoʻonāwaliwali nui ʻia e hānai i nā mea hou me nā meaʻai maloʻo a pulu hoʻi no nā pōpoki a ʻīlio paha, no ka mea aia nā mea i piha pono ʻole i ka meaʻai maoli o nā mea hou.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Spiny newt
ʻIke maikaʻi ʻo Ribbed newts ma ka ʻāina a ma ka wai, akā i ka manawa like ʻaʻole hele paha lākou i ka ʻāina no kekahi mau makahiki. ʻO ka leʻaleʻa punahele o nā holoholona e "kau" no ka manawa lōʻihi i ke kolamu wai, e nānā ana i nā wahi. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ke aniau, hiki iā lākou ke alakaʻi i ke ola o ke ao a me ka pō. ʻO kahi laʻana, i ke kau kau, ke wela ʻole, makemake nā mea hou i ka huli holoholona i ka lā. I ke kauwela, ke piʻi ikaika ka mahana o ka ea, koi ʻia nā mea hou e hūnā i nā lua a me nā ana i ke ao, a hele i ka hopu holoholona i ka pō.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Kuhi ʻia nā Spiny newts e ka molting. ʻAʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia nā wā mōakāka o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana - no kēlā me kēia mea kēlā me kēia.
Pono e hoʻoheheʻe ʻo Newts no ka mea hanu lākou i ka ʻili. Hoʻopiha maoli ʻia ia me nā kīʻaha koko lahilahi (capillaries), kahi e hoʻonui ʻia ai ke koko me ka oxygen i loko o ka wai. ʻAe kēia hiʻohiʻona i nā amphibians ʻaʻole e lana pinepine i ka papa no ka ea. Ma muli o ka maʻalahi ʻole o nā spiny newts i ka maʻemaʻe o ka wai, e lilo koke ko lākou ʻili i lepo. Hoʻopilikia ka ʻili hoʻowahāwahā me ka hanu kūpono, no laila hoʻokahe ka newts iā ia.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: I ke kūlohelohe, hiki i nā spiny newts ke ola a 12 mau makahiki, i ke pio ʻana - a i 8 mau makahiki. ʻOiai ka nui, inā ʻaʻole āpau, pili i ka meaʻai a me nā kūlana o ka hoʻopaʻa.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Spanish spiny newt
Hiki i nā nila hou ke hoʻoulu i 1-2 mau manawa i ka makahiki. ʻO ka wā hānau hānau mua ma Pepeluali-Malaki, ka lua ma Iulai-ʻAukake. Ma ke ʻano o kā lākou nohona kaiāulu, he mau holoholona mehameha lākou e ʻākoakoa i nā hui wale nō i ka wā o ka male ʻana.
Hana ʻia ka moekolohe ma nā amphibians i ka manawa mai 1 a 3 mau makahiki, e pili ana i nā kūlana o ko lākou noho. Me ka hoʻomaka o ke kau male, ulu nā callus ma nā wāwae o ka newt kāne. ʻAʻole maopopo loa ka mea a lākou e pili nei. Malia paha no ka pale i ka wā o nā kaua me nā mea hoʻokūkū.
ʻO nā manawa aʻe ka wā hānau:
- hakakā moena;
- ka noho aloha ʻana;
- pālua ʻana;
- kiola hua.
I ka wā o ka hakakā male, hakakā nā kāne i waena o lākou iho, a me ka hoʻomāinoino. Aia i loko o ke kaʻina hana ʻāpana kahi ʻano o ka prelude i ka hana moena. Hoʻopili ke kāne i ka wahine i hopu ʻia i ka hakakā maikaʻi me kāna mau wāwae a no kekahi manawa "ʻolokaʻa" iā ia ma lalo o ka waihona. Ma hope o ka foreplay, hoʻomaka ka male ʻana. Hoʻopā ke kāne i ka waha o ka wahine me kāna mau wāwae a ʻūlū mālie iā ia mai lalo, i ka manawa like e hoʻokuʻu ai i ka wai seminal ma ke kino a neʻe iā ia me kāna mau lālā manuahi i ka cloaca. Hiki ke hana hou i ka moʻomeheu moena ma 5-7 mau manawa.
Hoʻomaka ka ʻōnaehana ʻana 2-3 mau lā ma hope o ka male ʻana. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ka nui a me ka makahiki, hiki i kahi wahine hou ke waiho i 1,300 mau hua. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā hua e ka wahine ma nā lau a me nā koʻokoʻo o nā mea kanu wai i ke ʻano o nā kaulahao o 10-20 pcs., Kahi a laila e hana ai ka hana hoʻoulu.
Mea hoihoi: ʻO nā hua o ka spiny newt a i 2 mm ke anawaena, ʻoiai ke anawaena o ka enamelope gelatinous ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 7 mm.
Ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi, hatch ka larvae mai nā hua manu i nā lā he 15-16. No nā lā mua o ke ola, ʻaʻole lākou e pono iki i ka meaʻai. Eia kekahi, hānai ka larva i nā meaola unicellular maʻalahi. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka larvae 10-11 mm. Ma hope o ʻekolu mau mahina, hoʻomaka ka larvae i ke kaʻina hana o ka metamorphosis, i hala he 2.5 - 3 mau mahina. I ka hopena o ka metamophosis, huli ka larva i mau newts liʻiliʻi, ʻokoʻa i nā mākua i ko lākou nui.
Mea hoihoi: I ka makahiki mua o ke ola, hiki i nā newts ʻōpio ke ulu a 14 cm.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā new spiny
Kiʻi: Spiny newt mai Sepania
E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua, pale ka spiny newts iā lākou iho mai nā mea ʻaihue e makemake e ʻimi iā lākou me ke kōkua o nā iwi ʻaoʻao a me kahi mea ʻona i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i nā wēlau o nā iwi iwi i ka manawa o ka weliweli. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole make ka mea make o nā mea hou, ʻaʻole pāʻani pinepine i kā lākou pono. Aia kekahi mau hihia o ka cannibalism ma waena o nā spiny newts, akā he kakaikahi loa kēia.
Ma muli o ka nui o ka nui o nā newts makua - a hiki i 23 cm, ʻaʻohe o lākou mau ʻenemi kūlohelohe, akā naʻe, hiki i nā nahesa nui ke alualu iā lākou, e ale ana i kā lākou mea pio a me nā manu o ka ʻai (aeto, hawk), e luku nei i kā lākou mea pio. kiola ʻana mai kahi kiʻekiʻe i nā pōhaku. Ma muli o ka palupalu o nā spiny newts ma ka honua, hiki iā lākou ke lilo i mea pio maʻalahi no nā herona a me nā manu kō.
No nā ʻōpio, e nui nā ʻenemi o ka larva a me nā mea hou liʻiliʻi i ke kūlohelohe. ʻO kahi laʻana, alualu maikaʻi ʻia nā larvae e nā rana a me nā iʻa iʻa. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka caviar newt, kahi i loaʻa ka nui o nā protein, he mea maikaʻi loa ia no nā toads a me nā iʻa. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā moʻo liʻiliʻi, nā manu a me nā quadrupeds e ʻimi i nā mea hou. Ua helu nā Zoologists, ma ka awelika, aia he 1000 mau hua i kau ʻia, hapa ʻole o ka hapalua o lākou i ka wā ʻōpio.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Spiny newt
ʻO nā Ribbed newts, e like me ka hapa nui o nā amphibians, momona loa. Eia kekahi, he ʻelua kau kau moʻo o ka makahiki. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki i kēia i loko o ka honua urbanized ke hoʻopakele i ke kūlana, a i kēia lā i nā ʻāina ʻekolu a pau ka heluna o ka spiny newt ua emi nui a hoʻomau i ka emi hou aku.
ʻO nā kumu nui o ka emi ʻana o ka heluna o nā mea hou.
- wā pōkole. I ka nahelehele, ola ka mea hou ma mua o 12 mau makahiki. Nui nā kumu o kēia, e like me nā pōpilikia kūlohelohe, nele i ka meaʻai, ʻenemi kūlohelohe;
- maikaʻi ʻole ke kaiaolaola, hoʻohaumia nui o nā kino wai me ka ʻōpala a me nā kemika like ʻole. ʻOiai ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka spiny newts i ka wai maʻemaʻe ʻole, akā, me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻoihana a me ka mahiʻai, nui nā kemikino hōʻino i komo i loko o ka wai i hiki ʻole i nā mea hou ke noho i loko.
- nā hoʻololi ʻāina i ka nohona kūlohelohe. No ka pono o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, hoʻokahe pinepine ʻia nā ʻāina pohō, a ʻo ia ka mea e alakaʻi aku ai i ka nalo ʻana o nā waihona wai kahi i noho ai nā mea hou;
- ke koi nui ʻia ka spiny newt ma ke ʻano he holoholona. ʻOiaʻiʻo, hānai ʻia lākou i ke pio no ke kūʻai aku, akā ʻo ka hopu hewa ʻia o nā mea hihiu, ʻo ia hoʻi nā ʻōpio, ke kumu e hōʻino wale ai i ka lehulehu.
Kiaʻi ʻana iā Spiny Newts
Kiʻi: Spiny newt mai ka Red Book
E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, hoʻomau ka emi ʻana o ka heluna o nā spiny newts ma muli o nā kumu kūlohelohe he nui, e like me nā kūlana maikaʻi ʻole o ka nohona a me ka haumia o nā kino wai.
No kēia kumu, ua hoʻopili ʻia ka amphibian i loko o nā Red Data Books o ʻItalia, Pokukala, Sepania, Morocco, a ʻo ka International Red Data Book. Wahi a nā helu helu, i nā ʻāina i ʻōlelo ʻia aʻe nei i loko o nā makahiki he 10 i hala aku nei, ua hoʻokahe ʻia ma mua o ka hapalua o nā kino wai, a ʻo ia ka mea i alakaʻi i ka hōʻemi nui ʻana o ka helu o nā spiny e noho nei i nā kūlana kūlohelohe.
Ua lilo kēia i mea hopohopo koʻikoʻi i waena o nā zoologists, a manaʻoʻiʻo lākou inā haʻalele mākou i nā mea āpau a hana ʻole i nā hana pale koʻikoʻi, a laila i 10-15 mau makahiki ʻaʻohe mea hou o ke kūlohelohe. "Akā ua hānai maikaʻi ʻia kēia ʻano i ka pio," e ʻōlelo kekahi. ʻAe, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke aʻa i nā mea hou home i ka kūlohelohe, no ka mea ma muli o ke ʻano o ka noho ʻoluʻolu, ua nalowale nā mākau āpau a lākou e pono ai.
He aha nā mea e pono ai e hoʻihoʻi i ka heluna o nā spiny newts i ko lākou wahi noho:
- nā hana koʻikoʻi o ke kuleana no ka lawaiʻa kū ʻole i ke kānāwai;
- hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūlana kaiaola;
- pale i nā kino wai;
- hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā kemika weliweli ma ka ʻāina mahiʻai.
ʻO Spiny newt no kekahi o nā lālā nui loa o kona ʻohana. Kēia holoholona i loko o kona wahi i manaʻo ai he kākaʻikahi, akā ma ke ʻano he holoholona hiki ke kūʻai ʻia ma aneane o kēlā me kēia hale kūʻai holoholona. Noho nā nila Needle i nā kino wai a ma ka ʻāina, akā noho mau lākou i ka hapa nui o ko lākou manawa i ka wai. I kēia lā nā newts pono i ka nānā kūikawā, ʻoiai ke emi nei kā lākou helu i kēlā me kēia lā.
Lā paʻi: 23.07.2019
Lā hou: 09/29/2019 ma 19:24
