ʻOheʻe - kahi mollusk cephalopod kaulana, hoʻolaha ʻia i ʻaneʻane i nā kai a me nā moana āpau. Hiki i kēia mau holoholona kupaianaha ke lawe i nā ʻano a me nā waihoʻoluʻu like ʻole, e hoʻonalonalo iā lākou iho e like me ko lākou wahi. ʻIke ʻia nā heʻe i waena o nā kānaka no kā lākou ʻono, no laila i kēia lā aia nā mahiʻai holoʻokoʻa no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i kēia mau holoholona.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: ʻOheʻe
ʻO nā heʻe (he heʻe lākou) nā lunamaka makaʻāinana maʻamau o ke kauoha cephalopod. Theutologists - nā ʻepekema e aʻo i nā heʻe, e hoʻokaʻawale i nā hui nui ʻelua i ʻokoʻa i kā lākou nohona: ka lalo a me ka nomadic. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā heʻe he mau mea benthic.
Aia nā kino palupalu i ke kino o ka heʻe. Eia naʻe, ua ʻike nā paleontologists ʻEulopa i nā koena o ka heʻe, i paʻi ʻia i ka lepo palupalu ma Lebanona.
Video: ʻOheʻe
Ua waiho ʻia kēia mau koina ma kahi o 95 miliona mau makahiki i hala. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa nā koena o kēia mau heʻe i kekahi ʻano mai nā heʻe o kēia mau lā - he pololei nā paʻi, a hiki i ke ʻano o ka ʻōpū. Aia kekahi ʻano o nā peʻe fossil, akā ʻo ka ʻike kupaianaha i hiki ai ke hoʻokumu i ka heʻe ʻole i loli i loko o miliona mau makahiki o ka noho ʻana.
Eia kekahi, ʻo nā ʻelele aʻe e pili ana i ke kauoha o cephalopods:
- nautilus;
- ʻokiʻoki;
- heʻe.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: ʻO Squids nā lunamakaʻāinana nui loa o nā cephalopods. I ka makahiki 2007, ua hopu ʻia kahi heʻe wahine nui, a he 500 kg kona kaumaha.
ʻO ka inoa "cephalopods" ʻaʻole i loaʻa wale ʻia: ulu (mau (ʻewalu) mau lālā o ka halelewa mai ke poʻo o kahi lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻāpana. He mea maʻamau nō hoʻi ʻaʻole i nā cephalopods nā pūpū chitinous a i ʻole he uhi chitinous lahilahi loa e pale ʻole iā lākou mai nā ʻano kūwaho i kekahi ʻano.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: ʻO Octopus Nui
Hana ʻia nā heʻe holoʻokoʻa i ka lole palupalu. ʻO kona "poʻo" he ʻano lōkō, mai laila e ulu ai ʻewalu mau tentable hoʻoneʻe. ʻO ka waha me nā aʻa e like me ka nuku o ka manu aia ma ke kiko kahi e ʻākoakoa ai nā ʻume a pau - lālau nā heʻe i ka mea pio a huki iā lākou i waenakonu. Aia ka wehe anal ma lalo o ka ʻahuʻula - kahi ʻeke ʻili ma hope o ka heʻe.
ʻO ka puʻu o ka heʻe ua ribbed, i kapa ʻia ʻo "radula" - lawelawe ia ma ke ʻano he grater meaʻai. Hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻaoʻao o ka heʻe e kahi membrane kūpili lahilahi. Aia i ka nui o ka heʻe, hiki i kona mau tentacles ke loaʻa i hoʻokahi a ʻekolu paha lālani kīʻaha omo. Loaʻa i kahi heʻe mākua ka nui o 2 mau tausani omo, hiki i kēlā me kēia mea ke hoʻopaʻa ma kahi o 100 gram o ke kaupaona.
Mea leʻaleʻa: ʻaʻole hana nā kīʻaha omo ʻo Octopus e like me nā kīʻaha omo kanaka i hana ʻia - i kahi hakahaka. Umi ʻia ka heʻe e ka hoʻoikaika muscular.
Hoihoi nō hoʻi ka heʻe no ka mea ʻekolu ona puʻuwai. Kipaku ka mua i ke koko ma o ke kino, a ʻo nā puʻuwai ʻelua ʻē aʻe e hana ma ke ʻano he gills, kaomi ʻana i ke koko no ka hanu. Loaʻa i kekahi ʻano o nā heʻe e loaʻa i ka wai ʻona, a ʻo nā heʻe heʻe kolohe, e noho ana ma kahakai o ka Pākīpika, i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma waena o nā holoholona ʻawaʻawa nui loa o ka honua.
ʻIke leʻaleʻa: he koko polū ko nā heʻe.
ʻAʻohe iwi o nā gurita a i ʻole kekahi ʻano iwi, e ʻae ai iā lākou e hoʻololi manuahi i ke kinona. Hiki iā lākou ke pālahalaha ma lalo a hōʻano iā lākou iho e like me ke one, hiki iā lākou ke piʻi i ka ʻāʻī o kahi ʻōmole a i ʻole kahi ʻāpana kūiki i nā pōhaku. Hiki i nā heʻe ke hoʻololi i ko lākou kala, ke hoʻololi i ke kaiapuni.
ʻOkoʻa ka nui o nā heʻe. Hiki i nā ʻelele liʻiliʻi loa ke hōʻea i ka loa o 1 cm, ka nui loa - (Doflein's octopus) - 960 cm me ka nui o 270 kg.
Ma hea e noho ai ka heʻe?
Kiʻi: ʻOheʻe i ke kai
Hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou i loko o ka wai mehana o ke kai a me ka moana ma kahi hohonu.
Koho nā heʻe i nā wahi aʻe no ka noho ʻoluʻolu.
- lalo hohonu, kahi e hōʻoluʻolu ai ʻo ia e uhi iā ia iho me he pōhaku lā a me ke one;
- nā mea i pohō me nā wahi huna he nui;
- ʻākala;
- pōhaku.
Hūnā nā heʻe i nā kaha liʻiliʻi a me nā wahi mehameha, kahi e hiki ai iā lākou ke alualu. I kekahi manawa hiki i ka heʻe ke piʻi i loko o ka pūpū i waiho ʻia e nā crustacea a noho ma laila, akā ʻaʻole hoʻomaka nā heʻe e noho i nā hale paʻa mau.
ʻO ka hohonu keu e noho ʻoluʻolu ai nā heʻe he 150 m, ʻoiai ʻo nā ʻelele hohonu o ka genus hiki ke iho i 5 tausani mau mika i lalo, e like me ka heʻe. I kekahi manawa, hiki ke loaʻa nā heʻe i nā wai anuanu, kahi e hiamoe nui ai.
Ua manaʻo ʻia lākou he mau pō no ke ao, ʻoiai i ka lā e peʻe ai lākou i loko o ko lākou mau hale malumalu. I kekahi manawa, i ka hiamoe hapa, hiki i ka heʻe ke kiʻi i kahi mea eʻauʻau ana a, kokoke me ke ala ʻole ʻana, ʻai iā ia.
Hiki i nā heʻe ke ʻau aku, ʻoiai ʻaʻole lākou makemake e hana - hana ka ʻauʻau i kahi kūlana maʻalahi kahi maʻalahi ka heʻe e hopu. No laila, neʻe lākou ma lalo me ke kōkua o nā tentacles. No nā heʻe, ʻaʻohe mea keakea i ke ʻano o nā pōhaku nui a me nā ʻaoʻao kū i luna - ke hele nei ka heʻe me lākou me ke kōkua o nā kīʻaha a me ka hopu ʻana i nā mea me kāna tentacles.
Ke ʻauʻau, neʻe mālie lākou, no ka mea hoʻohana lākou i ke ʻano cuttlefish: lawe lākou i ka wai i loko o ko lākou waha a pahu aku iā ia. Ma muli o ko lākou lohi, peʻe lākou i ka hapanui o nā hale a neʻe a puni nā hihia pilikia.
He aha ka ʻai o ka heʻe?
Kiʻi: ʻOheʻe nui
ʻO nā heʻe he mau mea ʻaihue kūpaʻa i hiki ke ale i nā mea pio a pau loa, ʻoi aku ka nui. Ke kali hoʻomanawanui nei kahi heʻe pōloli i kahi mehameha, e hoʻololi ana i kona kala i kahi camouflage. Ke ʻau aku ka mea pio, hoʻolei ʻo ia i kahi kī ʻoi, e hoʻāʻo ana e hopu iā ia me nā tentacles āpau i ka manawa hoʻokahi.
He mea nui ka wikiwiki i kēia mea - hiki i ka hoa paio ikaika ke haki i waho o ka paʻa. No laila, omo koke ka heʻe i ka mea pio i kona waha. ʻE nahu kona nuku i ka mea i loaʻa inā ʻaʻole ia e komo i loko o ka waha, a hana ka pharynx i kahi hana nau - ʻānai ia i ka meaʻai i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: hoʻohana pinepine ʻole nā heʻe ʻawahia i ka lāʻau make e luku ai i ka mea pio - ʻoi aku kēia o ka hana pale ma mua o ka pono no ka ʻimi holoholona.
ʻO ka hapanui pinepine, hānai nā heʻe i nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka moana kai.
- nā iʻa, me ka lāʻau ʻawahia;
- crustaceans, i kekahi manawa hāʻawi i kahi rebuff koʻikoʻi i nā heʻe;
- ʻO ka mea ʻai punahele a ka ʻeke he mau ula, nāʻaʻa a me ka crayfish, ke ʻike aku i kahi mea ʻaihue kupaianaha, e ʻau mai iā ia i ka wā hiki;
- i kekahi manawa hiki i nā heʻe nui ke hopu i nā manō liʻiliʻi;
- ʻaʻohe mea maʻamau ka kanibalism ma waena o nā heʻe. ʻAi pinepine ka poʻe ikaika i nā mea liʻiliʻi.
Aia kekahi manawa ke helu ʻole ka heʻe i kona ikaika ke hoʻouka aku i kēia a i kēlā mea pio, a i ʻole kahi iʻa manunu ponoʻī e hoʻāʻo e ʻai i ka heʻe. A laila e hakakā ana kahi e hiki ai i ka heʻe ke nalo i kona hale lole. Akā ʻike maʻalahi ka heʻe i ka ʻeha, a ulu koke kā lākou mau tentacles.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Kai Heʻe
He hoʻolaʻa hoʻolaʻa nā gurita, pili loa i ko lākou ʻāina. Alakaʻi lākou i kahi noho lohi, noho wale, e holo ana mai kahi a kahi wahi wale nō inā pono: ke lawa ʻole ka meaʻai i ka ʻāina kahiko, ke ʻike ʻia nā ʻenemi a i ʻole ke ʻimi nei lākou i kahi hoa.
Manaʻo nā heʻe e pili ana i kekahi i kekahi ma ke ʻano he hoʻokūkū, no laila e hoʻāʻo ana ka heʻe e ʻalo i ka panalāʻau e ola ai ka heʻe. Inā kū ka hoʻokuʻi a ʻaʻole wikiwiki ka haʻalele i ka palena, a laila hiki ke kaua, kahi e heʻe ai ka heʻe e ʻeha a ʻai ʻia paha. Akā ʻano kakaʻikahi loa kēlā.
I ke ao, peʻe ka heʻe i kahi puʻuhonua, i ka pō hele lākou i nā wahi ākea no ka hopu holoholona. Makemake nā heʻe e koho i nā kaha like ʻole o ka hana a ke kanaka ma ke ʻano o ko lākou home: pahu, ʻōmole, nā kaʻa, a pēlā aku. Noho lākou i loko o ia mau hale no ka manawa lōʻihi. Noho aliʻi ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe a puni ka hale o ka heʻe: hemo lākou i nā ʻōpala nui a me nā limu make, me he mea lā e kahili ana i ke kaiapuni me kahi kahawai. Hoʻokomo lākou i nā ʻōpala a ʻōpala i kahi puʻu kaʻawale.
I ka hoʻoilo, iho ka heʻe i ka hohonu, i ke kauwela noho lākou i ka wai pāpaʻu, a hiki i kekahi manawa ke loaʻa ma kahakai - hoʻolei pinepine ka heʻe i nā nalu.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: heʻe liʻiliʻi
ʻElua manawa i ka makahiki, hoʻomaka ka wahine e nānā i ke kāne no ka male ʻana. Hana lākou i kahi paʻa ikaika a loaʻa pū kahi home, kahi a lākou e hoʻolako ai i kahi ala ʻoluʻolu ke nānā ʻana i nā hua. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo ia ʻano noho i ka wai pāpaʻu.
ʻAʻohe o ka heʻe kipi ke aloha a hakakā no ka wahine. Koho ka wahine iā ia i ke kāne āna e makemake ai e hānau: ma muli o ke ʻano palaualelo, ʻo kēia, ma ke ʻano he kāne, ʻo ke kāne pili loa e loaʻa iā ia.
Hoʻomoe ka wahine ma kahi o 80 tausani hua manu. Noho ʻo ia me nā keiki a pale ikaika i ka paʻa. ʻO ka manawa incubation he 4-5 mau mahina, kahi e hele ʻole ai ka wahine i ka hopu holoholona, pau ʻole a, ma ke ʻano he kūlana, make i ka luhi i ka manawa a ke keiki e hōʻike. Lawe pū ke kāne i ke ola o nā keiki e hiki mai ana, ka pale ʻana i ka wahine a me nā hua, a me ka hemo ʻana i ka lepo a me nā ʻano ʻōpala mai iā lākou.
Ma hope o ka puka ʻana, waiho ʻia ka larva iā lākou iho, no nā mahina ʻelua mua ʻai lākou i ka plankton a ʻauʻau me ke kahe. No laila, lilo lākou i meaʻai na nā cetaceans e hānai nei iā plankton. I ʻelua mau mahina, lilo ka larva i kanaka makua a hoʻomaka e alakaʻi i kahi ola benthic. Hāʻawi ka ulu wikiwiki i nā kānaka he nui e ola. Ma nā makahiki ʻehā, hiki i ka heʻe ke kaupaona i 1-2 kilokilo. I ka hōʻuluʻulu, ola nā heʻe i 1-2 mau makahiki, ola nā kāne a 4 mau makahiki.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o ka heʻe
Kiʻi: ʻOheʻe
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka heʻe, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka poʻe i hoʻoweliweli iā ia.
- manō, me nā manō ʻohe;
- nā sila, nā liona kai a me nā sila huluhulu;
- Pāʻani pinepine nā dolphins a me nā kohola pepehi kanaka me nā heʻe, a ma hope e ʻai ana iā lākou a waiho ola paha iā lākou;
- kekahi iʻa nui.
Inā loaʻa kahi heʻe e ka mea ʻālunu i kahi moku ʻaihue, ʻo ka mea mua e hana ai e hoʻāʻo e ʻauʻau. Hoʻokuʻu nā ʻano he nui i nā ao o ka ʻenemi a laila ʻau aku - pēlā ke ʻano o ka heʻe e kūʻai ai i ka manawa a ʻike ka ʻenemi iā ia a i ʻole i kahi ʻano haʻalulu. Eia kekahi, i mea e mālama ai iā lākou iho, hamo ʻia nā heʻe i loko o nā kaha kūiki a kali a haʻalele ka ʻenemi.
ʻO kekahi ala ʻē aʻe e pale ai i ka heʻe he autotomy. Ke lālau ka ʻenemi i ka mea ola e ka tentacle, hoʻokaʻawale kaʻi ka heʻe iā ia mai ke kino a ʻauheʻe iā ia iho. He ʻano like ia me ka hoʻolei ʻana o kahi moʻo i kona huelo ke lālau ʻia e ia. A laila ulu aʻe ka halelewa.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: ʻike ʻia kekahi heʻe he autocannibalistic - ua ʻai lākou i kā lākou iho tentacles. ʻO kēia ma muli o kahi maʻi o ka ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana, kahi e ʻike ai ka heʻe i ka pōloli liʻiliʻi loa, ʻai i ka mea mua, "ma ka lima".
Manaʻo nā ʻepekema ʻo ka heʻe ka ʻano akamai o nā invertebrates. Hōʻike lākou i ka ʻike a me ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻano hoʻokolohua like ʻole. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻike ka heʻe pehea e wehe ai i nā kini a me nā nohona mua; hiki i nā kānaka o nā heʻe ke hoʻopaʻa i nā cubes a me nā pōʻai i loko o kekahi mau lua i kūlike i ke ʻano. ʻO ke ʻike kiʻekiʻe o kēia mau mea ola e hoʻolilo iā lākou i mea pio pio ʻole no ke ola kai, ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou ʻaʻohe o kēia anakuhi.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: heʻe nui
ʻO ka heʻe ke kumuhana o ka ʻai nui ʻana. Ma ka laulaha, hopu ka honua i ka heʻe i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma kahi o 40 tausani mau tona, a hopu ʻia ia ma nā kapakai o Mexico a me ʻItalia.
Ua lilo ka ʻai ʻana i nā heʻe he aneane puni ka honua, ʻoiai ʻo ka poʻe ʻAsia ka mea mua e ʻai iā lākou. I ka meaʻai Kepanī, ʻaʻole ka heʻe ka waiwai nui, akā ka ʻiʻo kaulana. ʻAi ola ʻia nā heʻe e ka ʻoki ʻana a me ka ʻai ʻana i nā lole wili wili.
Nui ka waiwai ʻo Octopus i nā huaora B, potassium, phosphorus a me selenium. Hoʻomoʻa ʻia lākou no ka hemo ʻana o ka mucus a me ka inika i ka wā o ke kuke ʻana, ʻoiai naʻe ʻai ʻia lākou me ka ʻīnika. ʻAʻole hoʻoweliweli ka lehulehu i ka heʻe e ka lawaiʻa - he ʻano nui ia i hānai ʻia hoʻi ma kahi pālākiō no nā hale ʻāina.
Akamai a hoʻoliʻiliʻi kiʻekiʻe heʻe noho no nā makahiki miliona, aneane loli ʻole. ʻO kēia mau holoholona kupaianaha ka cephalopod maʻa mau, a ʻoiai ʻo ia ke kumu o ka lawaiʻa nui loa.
Lā paʻi: 20.07.2019
Lā hou: 09/26/2019 ma 9:00
