He iʻa ʻūlū -ʻo kēia kekahi o nā ola kai hoihoi a hoihoi ʻole. I kēia lā, loaʻa i nā ʻepekema he hoʻokahi haneli mau ʻano o nā hui. He pilikua maoli kekahi o lākou e kaupaona ana i ka hapalua o ke tona a hiki i ʻekolu mau mika ka lōʻihi. Aia kekahi mau laha ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kino ma mua o kekahi mau kenekika. ʻAʻole nā lālā like ʻole o ka laha i nā nui like ʻole, akā i ka helehelena a me ka nohona. Nui ka waiwai o kēia iʻa ma waena o nā gourmets ma muli o ke ʻano ʻono, lahilahi a me ka ʻala kūikawā. Hoʻohui, ʻaʻohe calorie-ʻole kāna meaʻai a paʻa ʻia me nā huaora a me nā minelala. Loaʻa ka iʻa ma lalo o ka inoa mirow a ʻeleʻele paha.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Grouper
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka grouper i loko o ke ʻano chordate, ka papa iʻa i hoʻopau ʻia me ke aho, ke ʻano like perch, ka ʻohana pōhaku perch, a me ka genus grouper.
ʻO ke ala o ke ola, nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ola a me nā pae o ka ulu ʻana o ka pōhaku pae ʻaʻole i aʻo nui ʻia. Eia nō naʻe, ua hoʻoholo ka poʻe ʻepekema a me nā kānaka noiʻi i kēia mau ʻelele o ka flora kai a me nā holoholona i hōʻike ʻia ma kahi o ʻelima miliona mau makahiki i hala. ʻO ka helehelena o ka Isthmus o Panama ma kahi o 3 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei i hāʻawi i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā iʻa i ʻelua mau mea lawelawe ma muli o ka māhele ʻāina o ka heluna kānaka.
Hoʻomaopopo nā kānaka ʻepekema he pili ka grouper i kēlā mau ʻelele o ka flora kai a me nā holoholona i hoʻololi maoli ʻia mai ko lākou helehelena. I ke kaʻina o ka laha ʻana, ua māhelehele ʻia ka iʻa i nā ʻāpana he nui, i loaʻa i kēlā me kēia mea nā ʻano kūwaho kūwaho, nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka lawena a me ka nohona.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Pulu iʻa
Nānā ʻole i nā subspecies, ka nui a me ka ʻāina o ka noho ʻana, loaʻa i nā mea hui pūʻulu kekahi mau ʻano e hoʻohui iā lākou.
Nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o nā pūʻulu:
- kino nui, nui, pālahalaha ʻia ma kahi ʻaoʻao;
- uhi ʻūhā me nā ʻulaki;
- lua waha nui;
- ke kūʻana o hoʻokahi spiny fin ma luna o ke kua;
- ke kū ʻana o ʻekolu mau ʻoka ma ka fin anal;
- pōkole nā niho a ʻoi loa hoʻi, hoʻonohonoho ʻia i nā lālani he nui.
Kapa ʻia kēia ʻano perch he pōhaku ma muli o ka like o waho me nā pōhaku o lalo. ʻAʻole kēia ma muli o ka nui o ke kino, akā i ke kala kikoʻī, kahi like me nā pōhaku, nā pōhaku a me nā ʻākoʻakoʻa. Ma ke kino o ka iʻa he nui nā kiko, nā pōʻai, nā kaha a pēlā aku.
Loaʻa i nā iʻa he mau ʻano kikoʻī e hoʻokaʻawale iā ia mai nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe o ke ola kai.
Hiʻona:
- nā maka liʻiliʻi, poepoe;
- kahi poʻo poʻo ākea, ākea, kūʻē i ke kāʻei kua o nā maka me he mea liʻiliʻi lā a mea ʻole paha.
- ʻaneʻane pau nā grouper kanaka i hermaphrodites. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi ovary i mea e hua ai nā hua a me kahi testis, me ke kōkua o nā mea e hana i nā hunaola e momona iā lākou;
- hiki i nā nui o ke kino mai 10 kenimika a i ʻekolu mau mika.
Mea hoihoi: hāʻawi ʻia ka iʻa me ka hiki ke loli i ke kala a me ke ʻano o ke kino i mea e hūnā ai.
Pili ke kino o ke kanaka makua i kona nui a me nā pae mai 10-20 a 350-400 kilogram. Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ke kala, mai ka ʻōlinolino, i ka ʻulaʻula waiwai i nā variegated, hina a brown. Aia ia i ka māhele o ka mea ʻaihue. Nui loa ka hakahaka o ka waha, hoʻokuʻi iki i mua. Hoʻokumu ʻia ia e nā ulu o ka ʻili e hāʻawi i ke ʻano o nā lehelehe i haʻi ʻia.
Ma hea e noho ai ka grouper?
Kiʻi: Giou Grouper
Noho ka hapa nui o nā ʻano grouper i nā wai kai. ʻO lākou āpau he iʻa aloha wela a koho i nā wai o nā tropic a i ʻole subtropics. Ma ka panalāʻau o Rūsia, ʻelua wale nō o nā ʻano i wehewehe ʻia i loaʻa.
Nā ʻāpana ʻāina o ka noho grouper:
- ke kai kūʻono o ʻApelika Hema;
- Kai ʻulaʻula;
- Algoa;
- Āina' Ōmaʻomaʻo;
- ke kapakai o ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Panama;
- Moana Pākīpika;
- Ke Kai ʻInikia;
- Moana ʻAkelanika;
- Kapakai Hema o Iapana;
- kapakai o ʻAmelika;
- kapakai o Hawaii.
Hiki i ka iʻa ke noho i nā hohonu like ʻole mai 15 a 50 mau mika. ʻO kahi mea e pono ai no ka noho ʻana o nā mea hui ka hōʻoluʻolu lalo, kahi e pono ai e hoʻolako i nā hale. Hiki i kēia mau mea he pōhaku kai, pōhaku, nā mānoanoa o nā koʻa, nā moku kūpaʻa, nā ana hohonu, nā pōhaku, etc. ʻAʻole ʻae nā iʻa i nā wahi me kahi one a nui loa o ka lepo.
ʻAʻohe iʻa o ka iʻa o kēia ʻano neʻe e neʻe. Noho lākou i ka hapa nui o ko lākou ola i kekahi wahi. Eia kekahi, huhū loa lākou e pili ana i kāna pale ʻana i ko lākou wahi noho. Hiki iā lākou ke maʻalahi a me ka hoʻokaʻulua ʻole e komo i ka hakakā me nā mea hoʻokūkū nona ka nui o ke kino a me ka ikaika i hiki ke ʻoi aku ma mua o kā lākou nui iho. Hiki i kekahi kanaka ke makaʻu inā hele kokoke ʻo ia i ka hale o kahi mea ʻaihue. Hoʻouka koke ka predator me ka waha hāmama mai kona puʻuhonua i kahi mea e hoʻoweliweli iā ia. Hiki i nā kānaka nui ke ʻānai i kahi kanaka.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi i loaʻa ai ka iʻa grouper. E ʻike kākou i ka mea a kākou e ʻai ai.
He aha ka ʻai a kahi grouper?
Kiʻi: grouper ʻAkelanika
He iʻa ʻaihue ka pōhaku kuʻi. ʻAʻole loa ʻo ia i pili i ka meaʻai a ʻai i nā mea āpau i hiki iā ia ke ale. ʻO ke kūlana nui ka pono o ka mea pio i loko o ka waha o ka predator. He mea hahai holoholona maoli ʻo Grouper. Hiki iā ia ke kali no kahi manawa lōʻihi no kāna mea i hōʻeha ʻia, i ka uhi ʻana. Ke kokoke loa ka mea pio, hiki wale i ka predator ke hoʻouka wale iā ia me ka waha waha.
Inā he agile a wikiwiki hoʻi ka mea pio, a ʻaʻole i hiki i ka pōhaku ke hopu aku iā ia, hoʻomaka maʻalahi ia i kahi alualu lōʻihi. Ua wehewehe ʻia kahi hihia i ka wā i ale loa ai kahi lunamakaʻāinana nunui o kēia ʻano i ka manō hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua mika, i hāʻule mai ka lou a kahi lawaiʻa. Ua alualu ka mea ʻaihue i ka manō no ka manawa lōʻihi, a i kona hemo ʻana, moni koke ʻo ia iā ia. ʻO kahi perch pohaku me ka waha hāmama ākea kahi ʻano hoʻoweliweli maoli. No laila, ʻo kekahi poʻe i nui ka nui i kahi weliweli koʻikoʻi. Paipai ʻia nā poʻe like ʻole e hoʻokokoke loa iā lākou.
Hoʻokahi wale nō hiki i ka grouper - hiki iā ia ke alualu i ke kuʻikahi me nā puhi ʻohe. Ke manaʻo ka mea ʻaihue ʻaʻole loaʻa iā ia ka mea pio, kāhea ʻo ia i kāna hoa no ke kōkua. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, hoʻokokoke kahi mea ʻino nui i kahi hale eʻe moray a lūlū i kona poʻo mai kekahi ʻaoʻao ai kekahi ʻaoʻao i nā manawa he nui. ʻO ka pinepine, pane mai nā ʻelala, a hoʻomaka kahi ʻimi ʻimi hui. Auʻau ʻo Murena i loko o ka hale, kahi a ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia i peʻe ai, a kipaku iā ia i waho. I kekahi mau hihia, ʻaʻole kūʻē ka hoa o ka pōhaku iā ia iho i ka hōʻoluʻolu.
I ka hapanui o nā hihia, makemake ka grouper e alualu iā lākou iho a kaʻana like ʻole me kekahi. Loaʻa i kā perches pōhaku ko lākou makemake iho.
He aha ka ʻai a ka grouper:
- ʻulaʻula;
- pāpaʻi;
- pūpū;
- stingrays;
- manu kuhukukū liʻiliʻi.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Pulu iʻa
ʻO ka ʻāina hoʻoili a Grouper. Noho lākou ma ka ʻāina like a ʻaneʻane i loko o ko lākou ola, a ʻaʻole lākou i hoʻomanawanui i ka helehelena o nā hoa paio a i ʻole nā kamaʻāina ʻē aʻe ma luna. ʻIke lākou i nā hoa paio ʻaʻole wale i nā kānaka, a i ʻole nā lunamakaʻāinana o nā ʻano flora kai a me nā holoholona, akā i ko lākou ʻohana hoʻi. Ke ʻike ʻia ka makaʻu iki, ʻauʻau ka mea ʻaihue mai kona puʻuhonua me ka waha hamama. Eia nō naʻe, hiki iā ia ke hōʻeha i kahi ʻeha koʻikoʻi. Hiki i nā hoʻouka ke hoʻomau i nā manawa he nui. I ke kaʻina hana o ka pale ʻana i ko lākou mokuna, hiki i nā mea ʻino ke hakakā i nā hoa paio i ʻoi aku ka nui o nā manawa ma mua o lākou i ka nui a me ka mana.
Hoʻohana ka poʻe hui i ka hapa nui o ko lākou manawa i ka hūnā ʻana. E like me kēlā, koho pinepine nā mea hōkai i nā koʻa a me nā moku i pohō. Hiki i nā iʻa ke haʻalele i ka puʻuhonua i koho wale ʻia ke pono lākou e hele i ke alualu ʻana, a i ʻole e kāhea aku i ka puhi ʻohe no ke kōkua. Ma waho aʻe o nā puhi moray, hoʻāʻo pinepine ka poʻe hui e noho kokoke i nā pelicans. Makemake nui nā manu i ka pāʻina ʻana i ka iʻa. Ke hoʻouka nei i nā kula iʻa, kāʻili lākou i kā lākou mea pio. ʻO ka iʻa, a holo aku i loko o ka malo, a hopu ka grouper i nā poʻe i lohi i hope o ke kula.
ʻOiai ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o nā iʻa huhui nui loa iʻa iʻa wela, a noho i ka wai paʻakai o ka moana, aia kekahi ʻokoʻa. Loaʻa lākou i loko o ka wai kai hou. Hoʻolālā nā mea hui e hoʻomohala i kahi wikiwiki wikiwiki o ka neʻe - a i 25-30 km / h. Hoʻonui kēia mākaukau i ka manawa kūpono o ka ʻimi holoholona kūleʻa.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Grouper
Hana ʻia ke ʻano makua i ka makahiki 2-3. Hana ʻia ka hana hou me ke kōkua o nā hua. Hoʻomoe pinepine ka iʻa i kā lākou mau wahi hūnā i koho ʻia. Ma hope o kekahi manawa, momona lākou iā ia, a laila ʻike ʻia nā pā he nui. Hiki ke ola. ʻO kā lākou nui a me ko lākou kala kala ʻokoʻa loa e pili ana i nā subspecies a me ka ʻāina o ka noho.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻo ka predator kai ka hermaphrodite. ʻO ka manaʻo o kēlā me kēia mākua he ovary ʻelua no ka hana ʻana i nā hua a me kahi gland no ka hana ʻana o ka sperm. I kēia pili, hiki i kekahi kanaka ke hana i nā hua a momona iā lākou iho. ʻO nā kānaka āpau ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, manaʻo ʻia he wahine. Eia nō naʻe, ke hiki i ka wā ʻōpio, lilo lākou i kāne.
Me he mea lā he koho kūpono kēia no ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka nui o ka lehulehu a me ka hana hou kūʻokoʻa. Eia nō naʻe, ma hope o kekahi mau hanauna, hoʻohaʻahaʻa ke genome, no laila, pono e kāwili ʻia nā iʻa o kēia ʻano me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka awelika o ke ola o kahi lunamakaʻāinana o kēia ʻano o nā mea ʻino kai ʻo 30-35 mau makahiki. Pili pono ke ola i ka laha a me ka ʻāina o ka noho. Noho nā kānaka nunui i nā kūlana kūlohelohe ma kahi o 70-80 mau makahiki. ʻO nā ʻano liʻiliʻi hiki ke hānai ʻia ma ka home i kahi aquarium e noho ma mua o 10 mau makahiki.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā hui
Kiʻi: Giou Grouper
ʻOiai ka mana a me ka wiwo ʻole, ʻaʻole pili ka pōhaku i ka mahele o nā predators kiʻekiʻe. ʻO nā subspecies, ka mea nui i ka nui, ʻaʻohe ʻenemi. ʻO nā subspecies, i hōʻike ʻia e nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, he mau ʻenemi kekahi i ko lākou wahi maoli.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o ka iʻa:
- manō;
- kohola kohola;
- nā pahiolo moray;
- barakuda.
ʻO nā ʻenemi nui o nā lunamakaʻāinana kupaianaha o ke ola kai, ʻo ia ke kāne. Ma ke ʻano he hopena o kāna mau hana, ke emi wikiwiki nei ka nui o nā iʻa no kahi o ʻumi mau makahiki. Loaʻa kēia i ka ʻimi holoholona na lākou i nā helu lehulehu. Ua hopu lākou iā Poachers ʻaʻole wale no ke kumu o ka waiwai waiwai a i ʻole he kumu no ka meaʻai, akā no ka pono o ka hoihoi haʻuki wale nō. Hoʻohana maʻalahi ʻia ka mea hoʻomake i hopu ʻia e hana i kahi holoholona ukana, i lawelawe ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻonani, a i ʻole he ipu.
ʻIke nui ka iʻa i nā loli o ka mahana a i ʻole nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka moana o ka honua. ʻO ia ke kumu e hopena maikaʻi ʻole ai ka ulu ʻana o ka haumia i ka heluna kanaka o nā ʻelele he nui o nā flora kai a me nā holoholona.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Grouper i loko o ka wai
Wahi a kā lākou kālailai ʻana, ua ʻike nā ʻepekema i loko o nā makahiki he 10 i hala aku nei, ua emi ka nui o ka poʻe pōhaku ma mua o 80%. Nui nā kumu o kēia.
Nā kumu no ka emi ʻana o nā iʻa iʻa:
- hoʻohaumia nui o nā wai o nā moana;
- pau ka flora a me nā holoholona, ʻo kahi hopena e hoʻemi ʻia ka lako o ka meaʻai;
- nā loli nui i ke aniau a me ke aniau.
ʻO kēia mau mea āpau āpau i kahi hopena koʻikoʻi i ka helu o ka predator. Aia ka emi o ka heluna kanaka a me ka hana a ke kanaka. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kumukūʻai a me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka noi no kaʻiʻo ʻōpio. Loaʻa iā ia ka palupalu a me ka ʻono ʻono, i aneane ʻaʻohe kalorone. Eia kekahi mea nui i kaʻiʻo karnivore ka mea kiʻekiʻe o nā wikamina a me nā minelala.
ʻO kekahi kumu nui o ka emi ʻana o ka iʻa ka nui o nā lawaiʻa a me nā lawaiʻa e ʻimi no ka mea i makemake ʻia no ka loaʻa kālā a leʻaleʻa paha. ʻO nā Lunamakaʻāinana o kēia ʻano laha maʻalahi i ka wā hānau, ke ʻākoakoa lākou ma nā kahawai. I loko o kēia wā, ʻākoakoa lākou i nā helu he nui i kēia mau wahi, a ʻike ka poʻe lawaiʻa i kēia.
Pale pūʻulu
Kiʻi: Grouper mai ka Red Book
I kēia lā ua helu ʻia ka perch pōhaku i ka puke Red. I nā wahi he nui o ka wahi noho o ka mea hōkai, pāpā ʻia e ke kānāwai ka lawaiʻa ʻana a me ka lawaiʻa ʻana i nā iʻa i ka wā hoʻoulu manu. ʻO ka hōʻeha i kēia kānāwai e hoʻopaʻi ʻia e ka uku i kahi nui nui, a i ʻole ka hale paʻahao no nā kau like ʻole. Hoʻomaopopo nā kānaka ʻepekema ua hōʻino nui ka heluna grouper, a ʻoi aku i loko o ʻumikūmālua mau makahiki e hoʻihoʻi i ka ikaika helu.
I ka hopena o ka makahiki 1990, ua hoʻāʻo ka poʻe e hoʻomohala a hoʻokō i kahi papa hana pale e kuhikuhi ana i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka heluna kanaka a hoʻonui i ka helu o nā kānaka. Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa o ʻAmelika, ua hoʻokomo ʻia kēia ola kai i loko o ka International List of Rare a me nā ʻano waiwai nui loa, kahi i hāʻawi ʻia ai ke kūlana o "species on the brink of extinction".
Manaʻo ka nui o nā ʻepekema ʻo ke ala ʻoi loa loa e hoʻopakele i nā mea ʻino moana mai ka make ʻana e hoʻonui i ka nui o nā wahi hānai kahi e hiki ai i nā perches pōhaku ke ʻoluʻolu ke hiki. ʻAi manuahi ka iʻa e ʻike iā lākou iho i nā ʻano hana i hana ʻia. Me ka mālama kūpono loa, lilo ka hana hānau i mea hua nui aʻe, a hoʻonui ʻia ka manawa o ke ola.
Grouper pili i kahi ola kai manuahi a waiwai loa hoʻi. ʻIʻike nui ʻia kāna ʻiʻo i ka honua o ka ʻoihana meaʻai. Hoʻomākaukau ʻia nā mea hana culinary maoli mai ia mea. Haʻahaʻa ka ʻiʻa iʻa i loko o nā calories a nui ka nui o nā wikamina a me nā minelala. ʻO ka hana nui o ke kanaka ka mālama ʻana i nā laha a hoʻonui i ka nui o kāna heluna kanaka.
Lā paʻi: 17.07.2019
Lā hou: 09/25/2019 ma 21:09
