Punawelewele melemele - kahi mea ola maikaʻi ʻole e makemake e noho i ka nāhelehele, ke kumu i nā māla. No laila, ʻaʻole paha he nui i ʻike iki iā ia, ʻoiai ʻo ka hiki ʻole ke ʻike ʻia o kēia nananana he mea kupaianaha - he translucent ia, a hiki i ka mea hiki ke hoʻololi i ke kala, mimicking i ke kaiapuni, no laila he mea paʻakikī loa ke nānā aku iā ia.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Punawelewele melemele
Ua ala aʻe ʻo Arachnids ma mua o 400 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei - mai nā meaola i hoʻonohonoho nui ʻia e noho nei i ka honua, ʻo lākou kekahi o nā mea kahiko. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻohe kokoke i nā ʻano spider, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā mea e noho ana ma ka Honua i mau makahiki he mau makahiki i hala aku nei a hiki i kēia lā.
Ua loli lākou me ka wikiwiki, a ua pani ʻia kekahi mau ʻano e nā poʻe ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa hou ʻia i nā ʻano loli - ʻo kēia kekahi o nā mea huna o ko lākou ikaika nui. A i kēlā mau wā kahiko, na ka poʻe ʻākena nā mua e puka i ka ʻāina - ʻo ke koena e ukali nei iā ia.
Video: Punawelewele Melemele
ʻO kā lākou hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona ka cobweb, kahi i loaʻa ai i ka nananana nā hoʻohana he nui i ka manawa. ʻAʻole maopopo maopopo pehea ko lākou ulu ʻana, e like me ke kumu o ka punawelewele melemele. Hoʻohana wale nā kolo keleawe i kā lākou pūnaewele no kahi cocoon wale nō, akā ʻaʻole ia he manaʻo no nā ʻano kūpuna lākou - manaʻo ʻia ua kū mai kēia mau ʻanuʻu i kēia manawa.
ʻIke ʻia kēia ʻano like me ka nananana pua, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he spider hele ʻaoʻao. ʻO kāna wehewehe ʻepekema i hana ʻia e ka mea kūlohelohe Kuekene ʻo Karl Clerk ma 1757, i ka manawa like i kapa ʻia ai ma ka Lākina - Misumena vatia.
He mea hoihoi: he mea hōʻeha loa ka inoa ʻepekema o kahi laha no ka punawelewele melemele - ʻo ka inoa generic mai ka Greek misoumenus, ʻo ia hoʻi, "inaina ʻia", a me ka inoa kikoʻī mai ka latina vatius - "bow-legged."
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Punawelewele melemele i Lūkia
He ʻōpū nui ko kēia punawelewele - kū maoli ia, hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo no ka hapa nui ʻo ia kēia ʻōpū, ʻoiai he pōkole a pālahalaha kona cephalothorax, he mau manawa ʻo ia i lalo o ka ʻōpū i ka nui a me ka nui.
Lōʻihi nā wāwae mua o ka nananawele melemele, me lākou e hopu ai i ka mea pio, ʻoiai e hoʻohana ʻia ka lua o hope i mea kākoʻo. Hoʻohana wale ʻia nā wāwae waena no ka locomotion a palupalu ma mua o nā pālua ʻē aʻe. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā maka i nā lālani ʻelua.
ʻO ke dimorphism moekolohe ka ʻano nui o ka nananana melemele - ʻokoʻa ka nui o nā kāne a me nā wahine e manaʻo paha kekahi no nā ʻano ʻokoʻa lākou. Liʻiliʻi loa ke kāne makua, maʻamau ʻaʻole ʻoi aku kona lōʻihi ma mua o 3-4 mm, ʻoiai hiki i ka wahine ke ʻekolu manawa ka nui - mai 9 a 11 mm.
ʻAno ʻokoʻa lākou i ke kala - ʻae, he nūhou melemele kahi mamao loa mai melemele maoli. ʻEʻeleʻele ka cephalothorax o ke kāne, a pale a ʻōpū ka ʻōpū, hoʻololi pinepine ʻia kona kala mai keʻokeʻo a i ka melemele, a ʻelua mau kaha ʻeleʻele i haʻi ʻia ma luna. He mea hoihoi ka ʻokoʻa o ke kala o nā wāwae: ʻokoʻa ke kala o ka lua i ka ʻōpū, a he ʻāpana ʻeleʻele nā mua.
I nā wahine, ʻulaʻula-melemele ka cephalothorax, a ʻoi aku ka mālamalama o ka ʻōpū ma mua o nā kāne, ʻoiai ke keʻokeʻo a melemele paha. Akā aia paha kekahi mau kala - ʻōmaʻomaʻo a ʻulaʻula paha. Aia ia i kahi o ka nananana e noho ai - hoʻohālikelike kona kala i ke kaiapuni i kū liʻiliʻi ai ia. Inā keʻokeʻo ka ʻōpū o ka wahine, aia mau nā ʻulaʻula a i ʻole nā ʻāpana ma ona.
Inā ʻoe e nānā i kēia mau kolo i ka lā, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike he translucent lākou - mālamalama ia iā lākou. ʻO ka wahi ma ke poʻo o kahi e kau ai nā maka ka opaque. ʻO kēia hiʻohiʻona, me ka hiki ke kala i ko lākou wahi, kōkua pū kekahi iā lākou e ʻike ʻole.
Ma hea e noho ai ka nananana kolo?
Kiʻi: Punawelewele melemele liʻiliʻi
Hiki iā ʻoe ke launa me kēia mau punawelewele wale nō i ka Hemisphere ʻĀkau o ko mākou honua, akā i kahi ʻāina nui loa: noho lākou i ka hapa nui o ʻAkau ʻAmelika, ma ʻEulopa, ma North a me Central Eurasia - ʻaʻole lākou wale nō i ka tropical. I ke kūkulu ʻākau, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou a hiki i nā palena o ka ʻāpana haʻahaʻa.
I ʻEulopa, noho lākou i nā wahi āpau, e komo pū ana ma nā mokupuni, koe wale no ʻo Iceland - ʻaʻole paha i lawe ʻia mai kēia mau mea kolo. A i ʻole lawe ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona i lawe ʻia mai: anuanu ia i Iceland a, ʻoiai e noho kūleʻa ana ka nananana keleawe i nā wahi ʻē aʻe me kahi aniau like, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka ʻaʻa ʻana i ke aniau.
E like me ka mau o ka manawa, hiki ke loaʻa kahi punawelewele melemele ma ʻAsia - ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke aniau ma waena o ka temperate a me ka subtropical, ʻo ka hapa nui o kēia mau spider e noho nei i kēlā mau ʻāina a me nā wahi i loaʻa ai kēia.
Maliʻa paha, ʻaʻole i loaʻa nā spider melemele ma ʻAmelika Hema ma mua a lawe ʻia mai e nā poʻe kolone. Eia nō naʻe, kūpono ke aniau o kēia ʻāina iā lākou, ua māhuahua nui lākou i loko o kekahi mau kenekulia wale nō, no laila i kēia manawa hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma kahi ākea mai Alaska a i nā ʻĀkau ʻākau o Mexico.
Makemake lākou e noho i kahi ākea a me ka lā, waiwai i nā mea kanu - ka nui ma nā kula a me nā kula. ʻIke ʻia lākou ma nā lihi ulu lāʻau. I kekahi manawa hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā kolo nunui i nā pā kaona o ke kūlanakauhale a i ʻole i kāu māla ponoʻī. ʻAʻole lākou makemake i nā wahi pouli a me nā wai - no laila, ʻaʻole lākou e loaʻa i nā ululāʻau a ma kapa o nā kino wai.
He aha ka ʻai a ka nananawele melemele?
Kiʻi: Punawelewele melemele ʻona
ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa ka papaʻai o ka punawelewele melemele i nā ʻano ākea ākea a ʻaneʻane pili i nā pepeke.
ʻO:
- nalo meli;
- butterflies;
- nalo;
- hoverflies;
- ʻūpā
He pollinator kēia mau mea āpau. ʻO kēia ma muli o ke ʻano huli kūpono loa no ka nananana melemele: ke kali nei ia no ka mea pio ma luna pono o ka pua, peʻe a hui pū me ke kua. ʻO ka manawa pinepine koho lākou i ka goldenrod a me ka yarrow, akā inā ʻaʻole lākou, hiki iā lākou ke koho i kekahi.
Aia ma ke kakali ʻana i kahi pio e lilo ai lākou i ka hapa nui o lākou, me ka neʻe ʻole, i mea e makaʻu ʻole ai iā ia. ʻOiai ʻo ia e noho ana i luna o ka pua, hoʻomau ka nū spider melemele a hiki i kona hina ʻana i loko ona a hoʻomaka i ka omo ʻana i ka nectar, a ma hope wale o ke kaʻina o kēia hana i ka maka o ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia.
ʻO ia hoʻi: lālau ʻo ia me nā wāwae ikaika i mua e pale iā ia mai ka haʻalele ʻana a i ʻole ka hana ʻana i kahi mea ʻē aʻe, a nahu - ikaika loa kona lāʻau make, a palalyze ʻo ia i kahi insekika nui kokoke koke, a make koke ia. Hāʻawi kēia ʻano alualu holoholona i ka punawelewele e pepehi i nā mea kolo nui a ʻoi aku ka ikaika ma mua o kona iho: he pūʻiwa a me ka lāʻau make kāna mau mea kaua nui ʻelua.
Inā ʻaʻole kūleʻa ka ʻimi, a laila hiki i ka ʻāpā like ke hana pū me ka nananana keleawe, no ka mea ʻoi aku ka ʻeleu, ʻoi aku, hiki ke lele: i mua ona, pale pale ʻole kona ʻōpū. No laila, pono e lele ka spider melemele no ka pololei a me ka helu pono ʻana i ka manawa - a i ʻole ia ʻaʻole e ola lōʻihi.
Ke make ka mea i hoʻomāinoino ʻia, ʻimi ʻo ia i nā wai digestive i loko ona, hoʻolilo i kāna mau ʻāpana i kahi gruel palupalu, maʻalahi e ʻeli, a ʻai i kēia gruel. ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia ma mua o ka punawelewele, ʻai pinepine ia i kahi ʻāpana wale nō, e mālama ana i ke koena no ka wā e hiki mai ana. ʻAi i nā mea āpau a koe ka pūpū chitinous.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Punawelewele melemele weliweli
Hoʻolilo ka punawelewele melemele i ka hapa nui o kona ola ma ka noho mālie ʻana i ka hoʻohālua, a i ʻole ke hoʻomaha ʻana mai ka hopu holoholona ʻana - ʻo ia hoʻi, neʻe iki. Ke ʻimi holoholona, ʻaʻole hoʻohana ʻo ia i ka pūnaewele a ulana ʻole ʻole. Ke hele mālie nei kona ola a me ka mālie, ʻaʻole liʻiliʻi kekahi hanana nui.
ʻOiai ʻaʻole paʻakikī nā pīpī iā ia, no ka mea, ke hōʻike nei ke kala i ka mea ʻawaʻawa ʻo ka nalo kele - ʻaʻole ia e pili ana i ke kala, hiki ke ʻokoʻa, akā e pili ana i ka ikaika. He maʻalahi kāna hana maʻamau i kēlā me kēia lā: ke puka mai ka lā, hele ʻo ia i ka hopu holoholona. Kali ʻo ia me ka hoʻomanawanui no nā hola, no ka mea, lawa nō ka mea i loaʻa iā ia, a no kekahi mau lā paha.
Ma hope o kona māʻona, hoʻomaha ʻo ia, hoʻomaha i ka lā - makemake kāna mau ʻanuʻu keleawe ia. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻaʻole makaʻu lākou i kekahi mea, ke kolo nei i luna loa o ka mea kanu. Heʻoiaʻiʻo loa kēia no nā wahine - ʻoi aku ka makaʻu o nā kāne. I ka napoʻo ʻana o ka lā, e hiamoe pū nō hoʻi ka nananana - no ka mea e iho ana ia a moe i waena o nā lau o ka mea kanu.
Hoʻokiʻi ʻia kēia maʻamau maʻamau i ʻelua mau manawa o ka makahiki: i ka wā o ka moena ʻana, ke hiki i nā kāne ke ʻimi i kahi pālua ke uhi i nā wahi nui, ʻo kā lākou mau hae ponoʻī wale nō, ke kolo ʻana mai ka pua a kahi pua, a i ke kau ʻana o ke anuanu, ke hiamoe nā nananana melemele.
Mea hoihoi: Ma nā ʻano he nui, hoihoi kēia punawelewele no kona hiki ke hoʻololi i ke kala, e hoʻomaʻa ana i ke kua. Akā mamao ia mai ka wikiwiki o ka hana ʻana e like me ka chameleon - pono kahi punawelewele melemele i 2-3 mau pule e hoʻololi i kona kala, a hiki iā ia ke hoʻi i kona kala kumu i ka wikiwiki, i nā lā he 5-7.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Punawelewele melemele nui
Noho wale kēia mau nananana i hoʻokahi wale nō, hoʻāʻo lākou e noho ma kahi mamao mai kēlā me kēia. Inā kokoke lākou, kūlike ʻole lākou, a i kekahi manawa hiki ke ala aʻe ka hakakā ma waena o lākou - inā ʻoi aku ka nui o kekahi o nā nananana (ʻo ka hana maʻamau kēia ke hui ka wahine a me ke kāne), a laila hoʻāʻo wale ʻo ia e hopu a ʻai i ka mea liʻiliʻi.
Hāʻule ke kau moʻo i ka puna - lilo nā spider melemele ke hoʻomaka ka mahana o ka lā me ka ikaika, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma Malaki-ʻApelila i nā subtropics, i ka hoʻomaka o Mei i ka wahi temperate. A laila hoʻomaka nā kāne e ʻimi i nā wahine.
Hana lākou i kēia me ke akahele loa - ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wahine a hiki ke ʻai wale i ke kāne ma mua o ka male ʻana. No laila, inā ʻike ʻo ia i kekahi o nā hōʻailona o ka huhū, holo koke ʻo ia. Akā inā ʻae mālie ka wahine iā ia i loko, a laila mākaukau ʻo ia no ka male ʻana - i kēia hihia, hoʻolauna ke kāne i nā pedipalps i loko o kāna wehe ʻana i kāna genital.
Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka moʻo ʻana, pono ʻo ia e pakele me ka hikiwawe loa, ʻoiai ua makaʻu hou ʻo ia i ka ʻai ʻia - ua hoʻokō ʻo ia i kāna hana a lilo hou i mea ʻole ma mua o ka wahine pio. Hoʻomoʻa ʻo ia i kahi cocoon e hoʻomoe i nā hua i loko ona a hoʻopili iā ia i nā lau a i nā pua e hoʻohana ana i nā ʻāpala - ʻo kēia wale nō ke ala e hoʻohana ai nā spider melemele iā ia.
Kau ʻia nā paʻa i Iune-Iulai, a ma hope iho hala kekahi mau hebedoma 3-4 ma mua o ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o nā nananana. I kēia mau manawa āpau, noho ka punawelewele ma kahi kokoke a pale aku i nā hua mai nā mea komo i loko. I molt for spider liʻuliʻu no ka manawa mua i ka manawa o lākou i loko o ka hua manu, a ma hope o ka puka ʻana ua hele lākou i hoʻokahi a i ʻole ʻelua mau molts.
Ke anuanu, hele lākou i loko o ka ʻōpala o nā lau a hibernate a hiki i ka puna aʻe. Akā naʻe, e ala lākou i ka hala ʻole ʻana o nā nananana makua - hiki i ka punawelewele melemele i kona mau makahiki moekolohe wale nō ma hope o ka hoʻoilo ʻelua.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o nā nananana keleawe
Kiʻi: Punawelewele melemele ʻona
ʻAʻole ʻimi ka nui o nā mea ʻaihue iā lākou, ʻo ka mea makemake nui e hānai i nā spider, me kahi ʻōnaehana digestive i hoʻopili ʻia i kā lākou lāʻau make.
I waena o lākou:
- ʻalekiki;
- ʻalalā;
- hedgehogs;
- centipedes;
- Nā Punawelewele ʻē aʻe.
He mea hiki ke hopu i ka punawelewele melemele e ke kahaha, a hana i kēia ke hoʻomaha iki ia, ʻaʻole paha e hiki ke pale iā ia iho mai kahi predator nui a ʻoi aku ka ikaika. Akā pono ʻoe e ʻike, no ka mea mahalo i kona mau kala, a me ka translucency, aneane ʻike ʻole ʻia ia i ka mea kanu.
ʻO ka hapanui o ka manawa, make nā spider ʻōpio, ʻike ʻole a makaʻu ʻole hoʻi, a ʻaʻole weliweli loa - ma hope o nā mea āpau, e hoʻomanaʻo mau ka poʻe e makemake e ʻai i kahi punawelewele melemele e pili ana i ka nahu ʻawahia, hiki ke hoʻolilo i kahi mea huli i mea ʻino. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole wikiwiki ʻo ia a ikaika hoʻi, a no laila hiki ke maʻa maʻalahi.
Make pū kekahi nā spider melemele i ka loaʻa ʻole ʻana o kahi ʻimi kūleʻa, no ka mea hiki i nā pi a me nā nalo ke pepehi iā ia, e like me nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe - ʻimi pinepine nā ʻenekini melemele i nā holoholona o nā nui aʻe ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me kā lākou ponoʻī.
Hoʻoweliweli ka makaʻu iā lākou mai nā punawelewele ʻē aʻe, e komo pū ana me nā hoahānau - he ʻano maʻamau ka cannibalism i waena o lākou Hoʻoweliweli pū kekahi i nā nananana nunui. ʻO ka hope loa, hiki iā lākou ke make i ka lāʻau make inā mahi ʻia ka ʻāina e kūʻē i nā parasites - akā i ka laulā kūpaʻa mau lākou i nā lāʻau make a noho paha i waena o nā mea pakele.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Punawelewele melemele
ʻOiai ʻaʻole e hālāwai pinepine ka poʻe iā lākou, pono e pili i kēia i kā lākou stealth. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, ʻo ka laha kekahi o ka palahalaha, ʻaʻole hiki ke helu ʻia ka heluna kanaka - ma loko o kāna palena, ʻike ʻia nā nananana melemele i kēlā me kēia āpau a me nā kula, a he mau haneli a he mau kaukani lākou.
ʻOiai, ma muli o ka hana a ke kanaka, ke emi nei ka helu o kēia mau māla, a ke make nei kekahi o nā mea ola e noho ana ma muli o ke ecology maikaʻi ʻole, akā ʻaʻole ʻo nā nalo spider melemele i waena o nā laha e hoʻoweliweli ʻia e kēia. E like me ka nui o nā nananana, hoʻololi lākou a ola maikaʻi loa.
A ʻo kahi hopena, aia lākou i waena o nā lāhulu ʻaneʻane hoʻoweliweli ʻia, ʻaʻole i lalo o ka palekana, a ʻaʻole paha e lilo - ākea loa a ahonui hoʻi. ʻOi aku paha i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa e hiki ai iā lākou ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa i kahi aniau wela a hoʻonui i ko lākou pae i ka lilo o ka tropics, a i ka wā ma hope a laila e aʻa lākou ma nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe.
Mea hoihoi: Aia iki kahi leʻaleʻa i ka nahu ʻana o ka nananana keleawe, akā ʻaʻohe mea weliweli ia no nā kānaka, koe wale nō ka mea e hiki ai ke hana i nā hōʻailona maʻamau o ka lāʻau ʻawa iki - kahi hopena maʻi, nāwaliwali, nausea. Ma hope o 3-4 mau hola, pono e hele i nā mea āpau, a kōkua kahi antihistamine e hōʻoki i ka ʻike ʻana i kēia mau ʻōuli.
Punawelewele melemele ʻaʻole ia e hōʻeha i kekahi kanaka - nahu wale ia i ka wā i hoʻouka ʻia a, ʻoiai ʻona make, ʻaʻole lawa e hōʻino ai i ke olakino kanaka. Liʻiliʻi loa lākou a noho nui i nā wahi hihiu. Ke hoʻohana nei i ka stealth, moe lākou i ke kali no kā lākou poʻe i hōʻino ʻia ma luna o nā pua, a ʻoi aku paha ka nui ma mua o lākou iho.
Lā paʻi: 28.06.2019
Lā hou: 09/23/2019 ma 22:07
