Zander pili i nā iʻa i hoʻopau ʻia me ka liʻiliʻi. Hāʻawi nā Zoologists iā lākou i ka ʻohana perch. Ua lawaiʻa ʻia kēia mau ʻelele o ke ola kai ma kahi pae hana. ʻO kēia ʻano iʻa ke kumu o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā pā nui. Noho kēia mau lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana perch ma nā wahi āpau, ākea ma Rūsia, a ma nā wahi like ʻole o ʻEulopa a me ʻAsia. Hoʻolahalaha nui ʻia i nā kino wai hou. Hoʻopaʻa nā lawaiʻa i ka pike perch i kēlā me kēia manawa o ka makahiki, me ka nānā ʻole i ka mahana a me nā ʻano o ke aniau.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Sudak
ʻO ka pike perch no ka chordate, ʻike ʻia i ka papa o ka iʻa i hoʻopau ʻia, ke ʻano perch-like, ka ʻohana perches, ka genus o ka pike-perch, ke ʻano o ka pike perch maʻamau. ʻAʻole manaʻo nā mea aloha i nā ipu iʻa e pili ana i ka pike perch e ʻai nei lākou i kekahi o nā lunamakaʻāinana loa o ka flora a me nā holoholona e noho ana ma ka honua. ʻO ka mea kupaianaha, manaʻoʻiʻo nā ʻepekema ua kū mai nā kūpuna kahiko o ka pike perch ma kahi o 25 miliona mau makahiki i hala. No nā makahiki he 4-5 miliona o ko lākou noho ʻana, ʻaʻole lākou i loli iki i ka helehelena.
Video: Sudak
ʻO nā kūpuna kahiko o ka pike perch he iʻa e noho ana i ka hohonu o ke kai. ʻO ka wā o ko lākou helehelena i kapa ʻia ʻo ka wā Oligocene, 33-23 miliona mau makahiki i hala. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hōʻike DNA he nui i nā koena i ʻike ʻia i ka wā i puka ai ka pike perch i ka wā Pliocene, 5,5 miliona paha mau makahiki i hala. Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Siberia kahi hānau o nā iʻa o kēia au.
Ua hiki i nā ʻano noiʻi he hiki ke hoʻoholo i nā kenekulia o ka evolution i ka hopena o kēia iʻa. Eia nō naʻe, i ke kaʻina o ka ulu ʻana, ua hoʻonui nui kēia ʻano o nā lunamaka wai wai o ka ʻohana perch i kona wahi o ka nohona. Mai nā panalāʻau o Siberia, ua pāhola aku ka pike perch ma kahi o ka honua holoʻokoʻa. Aia kekahi mau ʻano pike perch. Noho ʻekolu mau ʻano i ka panalāʻau o ka Lūkia Hui Pū ʻIa: maʻamau, Volga a me kai.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Pike perch iʻa
Aia ka nui o ka zander i ka ʻāina kahi e ola ai. ʻO ka awelika o ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka walleye he 50-70 centimeter, a ʻo kona kaupaona 2-2.3 kilokilo. Loaʻa iā ia kahi lōʻihi lōʻihi, elongated, hope i kaomi ʻia i hope. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o kēia ʻano iʻa ke ʻano o nā hāmeʻa waha. He niho ʻoi loa ko ka iʻa, e like me nā ʻīlio kanine lōʻihi i wili iki ʻia i loko o ka waha. Me ke kōkua o kēia mau niho, kuʻi ka pīkoi i kāna mea pio ma ke kiʻi ʻana. Aia nō he mau niho liʻiliʻi ma waena o nā kini lōʻihi. ʻO ka lūlū i ka lua o ka waha i hōʻea i ka pae o ka maka.
Mea hoihoi: i kekahi mau wahi, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke kino o hoʻokahi iʻa i ka mika, a ʻoi aku kona kaumaha ma mua o 15 kilokilo.
Aia nā ʻōhuʻu ma ka ʻaoʻao ākea o ke poʻo. Uhi uhi ʻia nā uhi o nā ʻāpana me nā unahi. Hiki i nā ʻiʻo ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula paha. ʻAʻole kūlike ke kala o nā kaha gill. He mau hiʻohiʻona hoʻolālā ko nā maka. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi pale noʻonoʻo e hāʻawi i ka hihiʻo maikaʻi i ka pō. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao luna o ke kino i ka māhele o ke poʻo, hoʻi a me ka huelo he ʻōmaʻomaʻo-hina, keʻokeʻo ka ʻōpū. Hōʻalo ʻia nā unahi e nā ʻeleʻele, ʻaneʻane ʻaneʻi i nā kaha ʻeleʻele. Hoʻopiha nā peʻa i ke kua a me ka huelo o ke kino i nā kiko ʻeleʻele. ʻOkoʻa ka fin anal mai nā mea ʻē aʻe a melemele i ke kala.
Aia nā lua o ka hope. Aia ka moena ma hope pono o ke poʻo he mau kukuna ʻoʻoi. Ma hope o kahi hakahaka liʻiliʻi, aia kekahi fin ma ke kua, kahi i ʻoi iki ke kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka mua, ʻaʻohe hulu ʻoi. ʻO nā iʻa wai paʻakai he mau hiʻohiʻona kūwaho kūwaho e hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea wai hou. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi anawaena maka liʻiliʻi o ka maka a ʻaʻohe unahi i ka moku buccal. Hāʻawi maoli ʻia ka iʻa me ke ʻano o ka pilau. Hiki iā ia ke ʻimi i kahi ākea ākea o nā ʻano ʻala ākea, ʻoiai ma kahi mamao.
I kēia manawa ua ʻike ʻoe i ke ʻano o ka iʻa ʻo ka pīkoi pike, ke kai a i ʻole ka wai hou. E nānā ma hea kahi e noho ai ka pike i kona ʻano kūlohelohe.
Ma hea e noho ai ka pike perch?
Kiʻi: Pike perch ma lalo o ka wai
ʻO Pike perch kahi lawaiʻa kūwaho ʻoihana. Hoʻolahalaha nui ia ma ka Hikina ʻEulopa a me nā wahi like ʻole o ka Russian Federation. ʻO ka hohonu kūpono loa kahi e ʻoluʻolu ai ka pike perch he ʻelima mau mika. I ka hoʻoilo, me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu, komo ka iʻa i lalo, uhi ʻia me nā ʻiliʻili, a nānā i ka puʻuhonua. ʻO ka hapanui he ʻōpala ia, he driftwood, a i ʻole he kaumaha wale i ka papa o lalo.
Ma ke ʻano he wahi o ka nohona, makemake ka iʻa i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe hou, a i ʻole ka wai kai me kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka oxygen saturation. Aia kekahi mau ʻano pike perch, no ka laʻana, ke Kai ʻEleʻele, e launa maikaʻi, ma loko o ka wai kai a me ka paʻakai. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole e noho kekahi o nā laha i nā wahi haumia a i ʻole nā wai me ka lawa ʻole o ka oxygen.
Nā ʻāpana ʻāina o ka noho zander:
- Kai ʻEleʻele;
- Ke kai Caspian;
- Ke Kai Azov;
- Kai Aral;
- ʻAilā Baletika;
- nā muliwai o Siberia;
- nā loko Lūkia nui - Seliger, Ladoga, Onega, Ilmen, Karelia, Lake Peipsi;
- Ural;
- na waihona wai o ka Hikina Hema;
- nā muliwai nui o Rūsia - Don, Volga, Kuban, ʻOka.
ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa nā kino wai nui o hikina ʻEulopa, nā muliwai o Belarus, Ukraine, nā wai wai hou o nā wahi like ʻole o ʻAsia. Noho kekahi ʻano ma Kanada a me ʻAmelika ʻĀkau. Loaʻa ʻo Zander i kekahi mau loko ma Beritania Nui.
ʻO ia kahi ākea ākea o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ke ola kai ma muli o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo i kekahi manawa i noho ai ka poʻe iʻa i nā wahi like ʻole o ka honua. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻo ka waihona wai Mozhaisk, ma ka loko Cherbakul o ka moku Chelyabinsk, ma ke kahawai kanal o Moscow, ma ka loko Balkhash ma Kazakhstan, Issyk-kul ma Kyrgyzstan, loaʻa wale ka iʻa ma muli o nā hana a ke kanaka. Makemake nui ʻo Pike perch i nā waihona wai me kahi ʻiliʻili o lalo, nā ʻāpana hohonu o nā kahawai a me nā loko me ka wai aniani. ʻAʻole kū kēia ʻano iʻa i loko o ka wai pāpaʻu.
He aha ka ʻai a pikeperch?
Kiʻi: Zander i loko o ka wai
ʻO Pike perch no ka mahele o nā mea ʻaihue. No laila, ʻo kā lākou papaʻai piha nā iʻa liʻiliʻi a i ʻole nā crustacea. ʻO nā niho canine kūloko i loko e hāwele ʻole i kahi manawa. Ke kiʻi ʻia, hana ka pike perch i nā punctures make ma luna o ke kino o ka mea i hōʻino ʻia, a paʻa paʻa nā niho liʻiliʻi o ka waha waha i ka mea pio, ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia e heʻe.
ʻO ke ʻano ʻala a me ka hihiʻo maikaʻi e ʻae ai iā zander e ʻimi kūleʻa a loaʻa i kāna mea pio a ʻoiai ka pouli piha. He mea nui loa ke kinona o ka mea o ka ʻimi holoholona i kahi kino lōʻihi, elongated. I kēia hihia wale nō e hiki ai i ka pike-perch ke ale wale i ka mea pio.
He aha ka mea lawelawe i kahua meaʻai no ka iʻa:
- gudgeon;
- honi;
- gobies;
- ruffs;
- molluscs liʻiliʻi;
- honi;
- perches liʻiliʻi;
- hamsu;
- pohō;
- dace;
- crustaceans;
- rana;
- ipukukui.
Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Zander he kanaka koa i ka hahai holoholona. Hoʻohana ʻo ia i nā hana ʻimi holoholona kūikawā. He mea ʻokoʻa iā ia ke alualu i kāna mea i hōʻeha ʻia. Hoʻohana ʻo ia i kahi kali a ʻike i ke kaila. ʻO ka pinepine, hūnā ka mea ʻino iā ia iho a noho me ka neʻe ʻole a hiki i ka mea pio i ka ʻāpana o kona hiki. A laila pīpī ʻo ia iā ia me ka wikiwiki e lele mai kona wahi hūnā. ʻAʻole hiki i nā holoholona ʻōpio ke hānai ʻaʻole wale i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi a me nā mollusc, akā i nā ʻano ʻelala like ʻole - bloodworms, lintah, nā larvae like ʻole, etc.
He mea ʻaihue aloha ʻole ʻo Zander. Hunt ikaika ʻelua i ka pō a i ke ao. Ke māʻona loa, hūnā ʻo ia i ka puʻuhonua i wae ʻia a hoʻomaha ia ʻoiai ke ʻeli nei i ka meaʻai. Hoʻoikaika nui ka predator me ka hoʻomaka o ka puna a hiki i ke kau waena o ka hoʻoilo. I loko o kēia wā, makemake nui ʻo ia i ka meaʻai. I ka wā o ke kila, hoʻemi ka hana o ka pike perch a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻai o ia.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Pike pch perch
ʻO ka pinepine, noho ʻo Pike perch i kahi ʻohana, ʻoiai aia he mau mea hoʻokahi. ʻO ka helu awelika o nā iʻa i hoʻokahi kula he 25-40. Mālama nā iʻa ʻōpio i nā kula nui aʻe, a hiki i ka helu o kēīa mau haneli mau kānaka. Hoʻoikaika nui ka predator i ka pouli, ʻoiai hiki iā ia ke alualu i ka lā. ʻO Pike perch kahi iʻa agile a wikiwiki hoʻi i hiki ke piʻi i ka wikiwiki.
Makemake nā iʻa e noho ma kahi hohonu o 3-5 mau mika; ʻaʻole kū i ka wai papau. Me ka hoʻomaka o ka hāʻule, iho lākou i lalo a ʻimi i kahi e hoʻomaha ai e kali i ka hau a me ke anuanu. Ma mua o kēlā, ʻākoakoa ka iʻa i loko o nā kula he nui, kaukaʻi ʻia i nā waeʻa makahiki. Eia nō naʻe, he mea maʻamau ʻole iā lākou ke hibernate. Ma ke poʻo o kēlā ʻano hipa ʻo ia ka mea nui a ikaika loa. I ka hopena o ka ʻohana, aia ka muli loa o ka poʻe no ka manawa hoʻoilo e hiki mai ana no ka manawa mua i ko lākou ola. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka hoʻoilo, noho pū ka ʻohana a hiki i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hānau ʻana, a laila hoʻololi i nā hui liʻiliʻi a pālahalaha i nā ʻaoʻao ʻokoʻa.
Makaʻu ʻo Pike perch makaʻu i ka lā. No laila, i loko o ka wā ke piʻi a kiʻekiʻe ka lā, peʻe ka iʻa i nā wahi kahi i hiki ʻole ka lā o ka lā iā lākou. He mea maʻamau ka pike perch, e like me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, ke pāʻani i ka wai, pīpī, a lele i waho paha. Alakaʻi ʻo ia i kahi nohona malū, inconspicuous. Nui ka makemake o Pike perch i nā kumulāʻau me nā lau nui i hāʻule i loko o ka wai. Hōʻalo lākou i nā ala āpau, a ʻaneʻane ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ma nā panalāʻau o ka hohonu o ke kai me kahi kumu lepo.
Pono ka predator i kahi manawa liʻiliʻi loa e hoʻomaha ai. ʻO ka pinepine, he mau hola wale nō kēia i ka lā. Ke piha ka iʻa, peʻe ʻo ia i kahi pale palekana, a hoʻolilo i mau hola ma laila i nā wahi mehameha - ma lalo o nā snags, pōhaku, a pēlā aku. Hiki iā Zander ke neʻe, ʻoi aku, ma kahi mamao loa.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Pike perch maʻamau
Hoʻomaka ka wā hānau i ka manawa ke mahana ka wai a lawa. Pono ka mahana o ka mahana e 9-10 kekelē. Ma ka panalāʻau o ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka Lūkia Hui Pū ʻIa, hāʻule ke kau moʻo o ka predator i ka hapa mua o ʻApelila, ma ka ʻāina o nā kino wai ʻEulopa, kahi ma waena o nā kūlana anilā, a kokoke paha i ka hopena o ʻApelila, ma nā ʻākau o ka noho. Kū ka spawning i nā wahi punahele a kaulana hoʻi o ka zander, pinepine ma ka hohonu o 4-6 mau mika. I loko o ka wā spawning, koho ka mea ʻaihue i nā wahi kahi mālie a maluhia hoʻi.
I ka wā hānau, hōʻiliʻili ka iʻa i nā hui liʻiliʻi, nona nā kāne he nui, a ʻo hoʻokahi a ʻelua mau wahine paha. Ma mua o ka hoʻomoe ʻana i nā hua, loaʻa i ka wahine kahi kūpono a hoʻomaʻemaʻe iā ia me ke kōkua o kāna huelo. Eia kekahi, ma kahi o ke kiola ʻana i nā hua me ka huelo, hiki ke hana ʻia kahi lua ma lalo o ka waihona wai, nona ke anawaena o 40-60 kenimika a me ka hohonu o 10-15 kenimika.
ʻO ka wana wahine ka mea kū hoʻokahi i ka wanaʻao. I ke kakahiaka nui, kū ka wahine i kahi kū i luna, ʻoiai e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ke poʻo poʻo i lalo. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo Pike perch kahi ʻano ulu kūpono o ke ola kai.
ʻIke hoihoi: Hoʻokahi wahine, he 7-8 kilokika ke kaupaona ʻia, hiki ke waiho i 1 ml o nā hua manu.
Liʻiliʻi ka nui o nā hua manu me ke anawaena o ka ʻoi aku o ka 1 millimeter a he melemele i ke kala. ʻO ke kāne kāne nui o ka ʻohana e kūpono no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā hua i kau ʻia. Hoʻomaʻu ʻo ia i nā hua i kau ʻia me ka waiū i nā nui he nui. ʻO nā kuleana nui o ke kāne kāne ʻaʻole wale ma ka hoʻouluulu ʻana, akā mālama pū kekahi i ka palekana o nā hua. ʻO ke kāne nui ʻelua o ka ʻohana e hele mai i kiaʻi. ʻAʻole ia e hoʻokuʻu i kekahi ma kahi kokoke i ka pōhaku a hoʻowela i ka wai a puni. Ke puka wale ka ʻōpio i waho o nā hua, haʻalele ke kiaʻi i kāna pou a me nā lau.
Ma hope o ka momona, ma kahi o 10 mau lā e hala, a hānau ʻia nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o ia i 5-6 mm. ʻAʻole lākou i hoʻololi i ke ola kūʻokoʻa a ʻaʻole hiki ke hānai iā lākou iho. Ma hope o 3-5 mau lā, pālahalaha ka iʻa i nā ʻaoʻao ʻokoʻa a hoʻomaka e ʻai i ka plankton. Eia kekahi, hana ʻia nā ʻai mai nā larvae, ke ʻano a me ke ʻano o ke kino e like me nā mākua. Aia ka ulu o ka palai i ka nohona a me ka nui o ka lako o ka meaʻai. Hoʻomaka ka wā ʻōpio ma kahi o 3-4 mau makahiki o ko lākou mau makahiki. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke ola o ka pike perch ʻo 13-17 mau makahiki.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o walleye
Kiʻi: Pike perch iʻa
Ma lalo o ka nohona kūlohelohe, he mau ʻenemi ka zander. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole makemake nui nā mea hōʻaiʻe kai ʻoi aku ka nui i ka pāʻina ʻana ma luna o ka poʻe mākua wale nō, akā ka ʻai hoʻi, a me ka caviar hoʻi. Eia hou, i nā wahi o ka nohona kūlohelohe, kahi i lawa ʻole ka lako o ka meaʻai, hiki ke kapa ʻia nā ʻenemi o ka predator me nā mea hoʻokūkū ʻai nui - overhead a me auhu.
He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ma ka hapanui o nā wahi kahi e ola ai ka pīkoi, ʻaʻole ia e ʻike i kahi hoʻoweliweli ikaika a ʻaʻole ʻeha nā helu i ka lawaiʻa lawaiʻa, a mai nā hōʻeha a nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe. Mālama ʻia kēia i ka mālama ʻia ʻana o ka iʻa i loko o nā kula, kahi e hoʻonui ai i ka manawa e ola ai.
ʻO nā ʻenemi o zander i ka nāhelehele:
- pike;
- pōpoki;
- perch nui;
- osman;
- huehue.
ʻO ka hapanui o nā ʻenemi i luna e weliweli wale no nā ʻōpio a i ʻole no ka paʻa ʻana me nā hua. Hiki nō hoʻi iā Caviar ke hānai i nā iʻa aquatic, molluscs, crustaceans. Luku ʻia ka masonry i ka wā ʻino o ka wai, hoʻololi koke i nā ʻano pae. He mea kūpono ia e hoʻomaopopo i ke kanaka a me kā lākou hana i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma waena o nā ʻenemi o ka mea ʻino. Hoʻoweliweli ʻo ia i ka lehulehu iʻa ʻaʻole wale ma ke ʻano he lawaiʻa, akā he mea luku hoʻi i ke ola wai. Hoʻohaumia nā hana a ke kanaka i nā kumu wai a alakaʻi i ka make o nā ola kai he nui.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Pike perch i ka loko
Hoʻomaopopo nā kānaka noiʻi i kekahi mau heluna kanaka. ʻO kekahi o lākou he pike perch noho wale, e noho nui nei i hoʻokahi panalāʻau. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ia e waiho i kāna mau wahi maʻamau i ka hihia o ka wai haumia. I kēia hihia, huakaʻi nui ka iʻa no nā ʻumi he nui, a i kekahi manawa he mau haneli mau kilomita.
ʻO kekahi heluna lehulehu o nā mea hōkai he anadromous pike perch. Noho ia i nā waihona, nā wai wai muliwai a me nā wai wai wai hou. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pūnāwai, neʻe kēia heluna predator i uka no ka hoʻoulu manu. Hiki ke neʻe i kahi neʻe ma kahi o nā ʻumi a i ʻole mau haneli mau kilomita. Ma hope o kēlā, hoʻi hou ʻo ia i kāna mau wahi maʻamau a punahele.
I kēia lā, ke emi wikiwiki nei ka nui o nā iʻa i kekahi mau ʻāina. ʻO kēia mau ʻano nui kai zander. ʻO nā kumu o ka hōʻemi ʻana o kāna helu ka haumia o ka wai, ka lawaiʻa ʻana ma kahi pālākiō nui, a me ka hoʻololi nui ʻana i nā kūlana anilā i kekahi mau wahi. ʻO ke kū mai o kēia ʻano iʻa e hōʻike nei i ka maoli maoli maemae o ka waihona.
Ka pale ʻana i ka pike perch
Kiʻi: Pike perch mai ka Red Book
ʻO ka moana pike perch, ʻokoʻa ka zander wai hou, kahi heluna kanaka e emi mau nei. Ma kēia mea, ua hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka Red Book o Ukraine a pale ʻia e nā kānāwai a me nā luna mokuʻāina. ʻO nā ana i manaʻo ʻia e pale aku i nā laha e komo pū me ka hoʻēmi ʻana i ka nui o ka lawaiʻa lawaiʻa i nā wahi kahi e emi nei ka nui o ka pike perch, a me ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻemaʻe o nā kino wai a me ka hoʻōki ʻana i ka hoʻohaumia wai.
ʻO ka hōʻino ʻana i kēia mau lula i kekahi mau āpana kahi hewa. Hiki i nā Poachers ke hoʻokau ʻia i ka hoʻopaʻi hoʻomalu, a i ʻole ke kuleana kalaima. I nā wahi kahi e noho ai ʻo pikepchch, mālama mau ke Kōmike no ka Hoʻomalu Kūlohelohe i kahi hoʻokolokolo e loiloi i ka maikaʻi o ka wai.
ʻO Pike perch kekahi mea ʻono maikaʻi loa. I nā ʻāina he nui o ka honua, hoʻomākaukau ʻia kahi hana culinary maoli mai ia mea.ʻOi ka ʻono o ka iʻa o kēia ʻano iʻa a ʻeli koke ʻia.
Zander he mau hiʻohiʻona kūwaho kūwaho e ʻae ʻole e huikau ia me nā ʻano iʻa ʻē aʻe. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi ʻano ʻala maikaʻi a me kahi ʻano kikoʻī o nā hāmeʻa waha, ma muli o ia mea he loea i ka poʻe ʻimi holoholona.
Lā paʻi: 06/30/2019
Lā hou: 09/23/2019 ma 22:33
