ʻIguana

ʻIguana He mea nani ke nānā aku. Me kahi kualapa ma ke kua a me ka hiʻu, kahi ʻano ʻili o ka ʻili a me ka "ʻumiʻumi" scaly. Me he deragona liʻiliʻi lā ke ʻano o ka holoholona. A ʻoiai i kapa ʻia ʻo ka iguana ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻaʻohe ona mau ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo i nā manawa āpau. Hiki i ke kala ke uliuli-ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻulaʻula, hina a me ka melemele i ka ʻulaʻula a me ka lavender. I kekahi mau wahi, uliuli nā iguanas i ka wā ʻōpio, akā hoʻololi iki i ke kala i ko lākou mau makahiki.

Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe

Kiʻi: ʻIguana

Ua hōʻike mua ʻia kēia ʻano e ka botanist Kuekene ʻo Carl Linnaeus i ka makahiki 1758. Ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻāpana he nui i loko o nā kenekulia ʻelua mai ia manawa, akā ma hope, ma hope o ka noiʻi genetical, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou me he mau ʻano āpana maʻalahi nei o nā ʻano like, koe wale no ka iguana Caribbean.

Video: ʻIguana

Ke hoʻohana nei i ka ʻikepili moʻo DNA nukelea a mitochondrial e hoʻopaʻa i ka mōʻaukala filogenic o ka iguana, ua aʻo nā ʻepekema i nā holoholona i hōʻiliʻili ʻia mai 17 mau ʻāina ʻokoʻa. Ua hōʻike ʻo Topology o nā filogeny i hoʻokumu ʻia kēia ʻano ma ʻAmelika Hema a ua neʻe ma waena o ʻAmelika Waena a me ka Caribbean. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka noiʻi ʻana i nā haplotypes DNA mitochondrial kūikawā no ke kūlana subspecies, akā ua hōʻike ʻia ka loli waena o ka moʻokūʻauhau ma waena o nā poʻe o Central a me ʻAmelika Hema.

Aia ʻelua mau ʻāpana o ka iguana maʻamau:

• Māhele ʻia ka iguana iguana iguana ma ka Lesser Antilles a me ʻAmelika Hema;
• iguana iguana rhinolopha - pili maoli kēia ʻano i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.

Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale palekana ʻia nā ʻauhau ʻelua e ka ʻelua a ʻekolu paha mau "pepeiaohao" ma ke alo o ka rhinolopha iguana. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo "iguana" ka huaʻōlelo Sepania o ka inoa i ka ʻōlelo a ka poʻe Taíno, ka mea i noho ma ka Caribbean ma mua o ka hōʻea ʻana o ka naʻi aupuni a like me "iwana". I ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ua lilo ka mana Sepania o ka inoa i ka inoa ʻepekema o kēia ʻano. I kekahi mau ʻāina ʻ Spanishlelo Sepania, kapa ʻia nā kāne o kēia ʻano he gorrobo a i ʻole ministro, a kapa ʻia nā ʻōpio he iguanita a i ʻole gorrobito.

ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona

Kiʻi: Green Iguana

Ma hope o ka hatching, aia nā iguanas i ka lōʻihi mai 16 a 25 cm. ʻO ke kaumaha o nā iguanas makua ma waena o 4 a me 6 kg, akā hiki i kekahi ke piʻi i 8 kg me ka meaʻai kūpono. ʻO kēia mau moʻo nui ma kahi o 2 m ka lōʻihi. ʻOiai ʻo kēia mau holoholona i kapa ʻia nā iguanas ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻokoʻa ko lākou kala. Lilo ka poʻe mākua i mea like i ke kala me nā makahiki, ʻoiai e ʻike ʻia nā ʻōpio i nā kiko a ʻōniʻoniʻo paha ma waena o ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me ka brown. Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ke kala o kekahi kanaka e pili ana i kona ʻano, ka mahana, ke olakino, a me ke kūlana nohona. Hiki i kēia hoʻololi kala ke kōkua i kēia mau holoholona me ka thermoregulation.

I ke kakahiaka, ke haʻahaʻa ka mahana o ke kino, e ʻeleʻele ka ʻili o ka ʻili, e kōkua ana i ka moʻo e omo i ka wela mai ka lā mai. Eia nō naʻe, ke hoʻomālamalama mai ka lā awakea wela ma luna o lākou, e māmā a maʻalahi paha kēia mau holoholona, ​​e kōkua ana i ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana i nā kukuna o ka lā a hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka wela i komo. ʻOi aku ka ʻeleʻele o nā iguanas ka mea nui ma mua o nā iguanas haʻahaʻa i noho ʻia i ke ʻano like. ʻO ka hapa nui o ke kala ʻokoʻa i ʻike ʻia i kēia laha i loko o nā kāne a hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia i kekahi hapa i nā steroid steroid.

Mea leʻaleʻa: ʻEono a ʻewalu mau pule ma mua a i ka wā o ka noho aloha ʻana, hiki i nā kāne ke ʻalani a me ka hue gula, ʻoiai e pili mau ana ke kala me ke kūlana aliʻi. ʻO nā wahine makua no ka hapa nui e hoʻomau i ko lākou kala ʻōmaʻomaʻo.

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe o kēia ʻano he ʻeke ma lalo o ka ʻāʻī, kahi kuapo e pili ana i nā dermal spines e holo mai ana mai ka waena o ka ʻāʻī a i ke kumu o ka huelo, a me kahi huelo pālahalaha lōʻihi. Hoʻonui ʻia ka waiū kākalaioa i nā kāne makua ma mua o ka wahine. Hoʻopaʻa ka mea hoʻolōʻihi o nā iwi hyoid a kākoʻo i ka lihi alakaʻi o kēia ʻano, i hoʻohana ʻia i ka pale kūloko a i ʻole ke makaʻu ka holoholona. Hoʻokomo pū kēia ʻano kino i ke ʻono a hoʻopau i ka wela ke hoʻonui.

Pale nui ka maka laulima e ka eyelid neʻe ʻole a me ka eyelid haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e hoʻoneʻe. Ma ka laina waena o ka iwi poʻo, ma hope o nā maka ka heʻe parietal. Kēia hui sensory, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia he "maka" maoli, lawelawe ma ke ʻano he mika ikehu lā a paipai i ka oʻo ʻana o nā genital, ka thyroid a me nā gland endocrine. Ka palena papaha ka hopena ʻike o kēia "maka" i ka ʻike ʻana i nā aka predatory mai luna.

Ma hea e noho ai ka iguana?

Kiʻi: ʻIguana i ke kūlohelohe

Loaʻa ka iguana maʻamau ma waena o ʻAmelika Waena a me ʻAmelika Hema, mai Sinaloa a me Veracruz, Mexico, hema a hiki i Paraguay a me ka hema hikina o Brazil. Noho pū kēia moʻo nui ma nā mokupuni he nui a puni ka Caribbean a me ke kapakai hikina o ka Pākīpika a ua hoʻolauna ʻia i ka hema o Florida a me Hawaii. Hoʻohui ʻia, ua kolone nā iguanas ʻōmaʻomaʻo i Anguilla i ka makahiki 1995 ma hope o ka holoi ʻia ʻana i uka ma hope o kahi ʻino.

Noho nā iguanas maʻamau i nā ululāʻau:

• Mekiko ʻākau;
• ʻAmelika waena;
• i ka Caribbean;
• ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o Brazil.

ʻOiai ʻaʻole ia he kamaʻāina no Martinique, aia kahi kolone hihiu liʻiliʻi o nā iguanas ʻōmaʻomaʻo i hoʻokuʻu ʻia a i pakele paha i loaʻa ma ka mōʻaukala ʻo Fort St. ʻO nā Iguanas nā moʻo arboreal e noho kiʻekiʻe i nā kalaunu lāʻau. Hoʻonohonoho nā ʻōpio i nā wahi ma lalo o nā canopies, ʻoiai e noho ana nā iguanas makua makua ma luna. ʻO kēia maʻamau o ka noho ʻana o ka lāʻau e ʻae iā lākou e iho i ka lā, ʻaʻole e iho iki, koe wale nō ke ʻeli nā wahine i nā lua e hoʻomoe i nā hua.

ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka makemake o ka holoholona i kahi nohona lāʻau (nahele), hiki iā ia ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi i nā wahi ākea. Nānā ʻole i ko lākou wahi e noho ai, makemake ka poʻe iguana e loaʻa ka wai ma kahi kokoke, no ka mea, he poʻe ʻauʻau maikaʻi loa lākou e luʻu ana i lalo o ka wai e pale i nā mea ʻino. Ma ʻAmelika Hema a me Central, kahi o ka iguana maʻamau he ʻōiwi, i kekahi mau ʻāina he ʻano mea make ia no ka mea e ʻimi a ʻai ka poʻe i kēia "moa i nā kumulāʻau".

He aha ka meaʻai a ka iguana?

Kiʻi: ʻIguana

ʻO ka nui o nā lau nahele ʻo Iguanas. ʻO nā mea kanu ʻōmaʻomaʻo a i nā hua pala paha ka mea ʻai i makemake nui ʻia. Akā i kekahi manawa ʻai lākou i ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻiʻo a i ʻole nā ​​invertebrates. Hoʻohana nā Iguanas i ko lākou alelo e hoʻoponopono i kā lākou meaʻai a nahu i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi e ale me ka liʻiliʻi a me ka nauʻu ʻole. Hoʻohui ʻia ka meaʻai me nā enzyme i loko o ka ʻōpū a laila hele i loko o ka ʻōpū liʻiliʻi, kahi i hui pū ʻia me nā enzyme pancreatic a me ka bile. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka digestion i loko o ke kolona, ​​kahi e wāwahi ai ka microflora i ka cellulose. Pono ka microflora no ka digestion o nā ʻōpū o kēia meaʻai paʻakikī e digest.

ʻIke leʻaleʻa: Mālama nā keiki Iguana i ka hānai ʻana i nā mākeke makua, kahi hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia e loaʻa ai ka microflora e pono ai. Wāwahi kēia microflora i ka meaʻai a loaʻa iā ia no ka omo.

I nā makahiki mua ʻekolu, pono i nā iguanas ka nui o ka protein dietary e ulu wikiwiki. I loko o kēia wā, hiki i nā iguanas ʻōpio ke hoʻopau i nā mea kolo a me nā nananana. ʻO nā iguanas ʻelemākule e kokoke ana i ko lākou kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe e hoʻopau i kahi low-phosphor, high-calcium, lauʻai no kā lākou pono.

ʻO nā Iguanas nā holoholona exothermic. Pili ka mahana o ko lākou kino i ka mahana wela. Hoʻoemi ka mahana haʻahaʻa i ka makemake o ka iguana a hoʻemi i ka hana o nā digestive enzymes. Hana pinepine ka hānai hana ke 25-35 ° C. ka mahana o ka wela. ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka mehana he kōkua nui ia no ka digestion. Hiki paha i nā Iguanas ke hoʻopau i ka ʻai ʻana ma mua a i ʻole i ka loli ʻana o ka ʻili. E hōʻole paha nā wahine ʻaʻole e ʻai i nā wā ma hope o ka ulu ʻana o ka hua manu. ʻO nā kānaka kaumaha nui a i ʻole i nā ʻano hou e hōʻole paha e ʻai.

I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i ka mea e hānai ai i ka iguana. E nānā pehea e ola ai ka moʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona

Kiʻi: Lizard iguana

I ka nahelehele, ka hapa nui o nā paio ma waena o nā iguanas e pili ana i kahi e wela ai ke kino. Loaʻa i kēia mau moʻo nāhelehele nā ​​meaʻai āpau. He mea nui ka ʻauʻau no ka hoʻāla ʻana i ka mahana o ke kino a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka digestion. I ka wā hānau, hōʻike nā kāne i nā kuleana kūloko ma o ke poʻo ʻana a me nā loli kala. ʻAi lākou kekahi i kekahi. ʻAʻohe laha nā ʻeha ma ka nahelehele ʻoiai he nui nā lumi o nā kāne e hoʻi hope ai ke hoʻoweliweli ʻia. Eia nō naʻe, i ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana, kahi i kaupalena ʻia ka hakahaka, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻeha.

Hōʻike paha nā wahine i kekahi o kēia mau mākau hana ke palena ka manawa no ka pūnana. Hiki i nā iguanas maʻamau ke huakaʻi i nā wahi mamao i nā manawa he nui. Hele nā ​​wahine i ka pūnaewele hoʻonohonoho like no nā makahiki he nui i ka lālani, a laila hoʻi i ko lākou ʻāina home ma hope o ke kau ʻana i nā hua. Hiki iā Cubs ke huakaʻi i kahi mamao.

Ke makaʻu ʻoe, hoʻomaʻū a huna paha ka iguana. E like me nā moʻo ʻē aʻe, hiki i nā iguanas ke hoʻokahe i kekahi o ko lākou huelo. Hāʻawi kēia iā lākou i kahi manawa e pakele ai ma mua o ka ʻike ʻana o ka mea ʻaihue i nā mea e hana nei. E kupu ana ka huelo hou a ulu i ka makahiki, ʻaʻole naʻe i ka lōʻihi ma mua. Ma kahi kokoke i ka heihei, lele nā ​​iguanas i loko o ka wai mai nā lālā e kau ana, a laila ʻau aku mai ka hoʻoweliweli. Makemake nā holoholona i nā mea kanu kiʻekiʻe a paʻa hoʻi me ka momona, lā a me ka malu.

ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou

Kiʻi: pēpē Iguana

Hiki i nā iguanas maʻamau ka moekolohe ma ka makahiki o 3-4 mau makahiki, ʻoiai e ʻike ʻia ke oʻo ma mua. Hāpai lākou i ka wā maloʻo, e ʻae ana i kā lākou keiki i ka wā ua ua hiki ke loaʻa maʻalahi ka meaʻai. Hana ʻia ka ʻaha ma kahi kikoʻī ma kahi o ka wahine ma mua o hoʻokahi wahine. ʻAʻole pinepine nā hakakā ma waena o nā kāne. Kaha nā kāne Dominant i nā pōhaku, nā lālā a me nā wahine me kahi mea kūikawā i loaʻa kahi waxy pheromone i hūnā ʻia mai ko lākou mau ʻūhā.

I ka wā o ka moʻo ʻana, piʻi ka kāne i ke kua o ka wahine. E paʻa i ka wahine, lālau ʻo ia i ka ʻili o kona poʻohiwi me kona mau niho, a ʻeha pū kekahi. Hoʻopili ke kāne i kāna ʻahuʻula e wehe ana i ka wahine a hoʻokomo i kekahi o kāna hemipenes i loko o kāna koloka. Hiki i ke kope ke lawe i mau minuke. Hiki i nā wahine ke mālama i ka sperm no kekahi mau makahiki, i hiki ai iā lākou ke momona i nā hua ma hope. Ma kahi o 65 mau lā ma hope o ka male ʻana, hele ka wahine i ka hoʻomoe hua manu. ʻO ka nui a me ka helu o nā hua manu e like me ka nui, ka meaʻai, a me nā makahiki. ʻO nā hua ma kahi o 15.4 mm ke anawaena a 35 a 40 mm ka lōʻihi.

Ma kahi o ʻekolu mau lā, kau ʻia ka awelika o 10 a 30 mau hua manu ʻili keʻokeʻo a i ʻole pale mae i loko o ka punana. Aia nā pūnana ma kahi hohonu o 45 knm a 1 mika a hiki ke moe me nā hua manu o nā wahine ʻē aʻe inā palena ʻia ka wahi pūnana. Ma hope o ka hoʻomoe ʻana i nā hua, hiki i nā wahine ke hoʻi i ka pūnana i nā manawa he nui, akā ʻaʻole e noho kiaʻi. Kū ka Incubation mai 91 a 120 mau lā. Aia ke anawaena ma waena o 29 a me 32 ° C. Hoʻokiʻi nā moa i ka hua manu me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi niho kūikawā e hāʻule koke ma hope koke o ka hatching.

Mea leʻaleʻa: Ma hope o ka hatching, nānā like nā iguanas ʻōpio me nā mākua i ke kala a me ke ʻano. Ua like lākou me nā wahine makua ma mua o nā kāne a nele i nā spors dorsal. Me ka makahiki, ʻaʻohe o kēia mau holoholona i nā loli morphological koʻikoʻi, koe wale no ulu lākou.

Eia nō naʻe, pili pololei kaʻai a ka holoholona i ka makahiki. ʻOi aku ka nui o ke koi protein a nā iguanas ʻōpio a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻai ʻana i nā pepelu a me nā hua ma mua o nā kānaka oʻo. Noho nā keiki i nā hui ʻohana no ka makahiki mua o ke ola. Hoʻohana pinepine nā iguanas kāne i kēia mau pūʻulu i ko lākou kino ponoʻī e pale a pale aku i nā wahine mai nā mea ʻaihue, a ʻo kēia wale nō ka mea kolo kolo e hana i kēia.

ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o iguanas

Kiʻi: ʻIguana

ʻO kekahi o nā ala maikaʻi e hōʻalo ai i nā mea hōkai no nā iguanas e kala iā lākou. No ka mea like loa lākou me ko lākou wahi noho. I ka nānā ʻana i ka makaʻu, noho mau ka holoholona a me ka ʻike ʻole ʻia. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā iguanas ʻōpio i nā hui liʻiliʻi a hoʻohana i kahi "pūʻā manawaleʻa" a i ʻole "ʻoi aku nā maka i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi" i mea e hōʻalo ai i nā mea ʻino. Makemake ʻo Iguanas e ʻō i loko o nā lālā o nā kumulāʻau e kau ma luna o ka wai, no laila ke hoʻoweliweli ʻia e kahi mea ʻino, luʻu lākou i loko o ka wai a ʻauʻau koke.

Ma waho aʻe o kēia mau papa hana pale predation, hiki i nā iguanu ʻōmaʻomaʻo ke hoʻolei i ka hapa nui o kā lākou huelo, a pēlā e hoʻohuli ai i nā mea ʻino a hiki ke pakele. ʻO ka hawks a me nā manu nui ʻē aʻe he mau mea ʻaihue hiki i nā iguanas ʻōpio. ʻO nā kānaka kekahi o nā predators nui o nā iguanas maʻamau. ʻAi lākou i nā iguanas a me kā lākou mau hua. Hoʻohui, hoʻohana ka poʻe i kēia mau mea kolo e maunu i nā crocodiles a hopu iā lākou no ke kālepa holoholona. E like me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe, ʻeha ka iguanas ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ka luku ʻana i ka nohona.

ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: I kekahi mau ʻāina, he waiwai kuke ko ka iguana. Hōʻiliʻili ʻia ka ʻiʻo mai nā holoholona pāʻani a me nā holoholona mahiʻai. ʻAi ʻia kā lākou ʻiʻo a kapa ʻia ʻo "moa ʻōmaʻomaʻo" no ka mea like ke ʻano o ka ʻiʻo me ka moa. ʻO kahi ipu iguana kaulana ʻo Sopa de Garrobo.

ʻO ka iguana ʻōmaʻomaʻo kekahi o nā holoholona terrarium kaulana a ke hānai ʻia nei i kēia manawa ma nā mahiʻai ma ʻAmelika Hema no kēia kumu. Akā ʻaʻole manaʻo ka nui o nā mea kūʻai aku i kahi iguana liʻiliʻi maʻamau i kūʻai ʻia iā lākou e lilo i 2 m ka lōʻihi.

Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano

Kiʻi: Lizard iguana

ʻOiai ua hoʻopili ʻia kekahi mau lehulehu e ka ʻaihue a me ka hopu ʻana no ke kālepa holoholona, ​​ʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻia he make i nā iguanas ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻO ka iguana maʻamau i helu ʻia ma CITES Appendix II. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ke kālepa i kēia ʻano. Hoʻonohonoho ʻo IUCN i ka iguana ma ke ʻano he pilikia liʻiliʻi. I ka manawa like, ʻo ka haʻi ʻana i ka nalo ʻana o ka nohona ma muli o ka noho kūlanakauhale ʻana he pilikia paha ia no nā poʻe iguana ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ka wā e hiki mai ana.

ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻopuehu ʻana i nā hua, lawelawe nā iguanas ma ke ʻano he kumu meaʻai no nā holoholona nui aʻe. E like me nā amphibians a me nā mea kolo, hiki i nā iguanas ke lilo i hōʻailona o nā hoʻololi o ke kaiapuni. Ma ka nānā ʻana i nā hopena o nā mea kolo, hiki i nā kānaka ke makaʻala i nā pilikia kūpono o ke kaiapuni.

ʻO ka mōʻaukala, ua ʻai ʻia ka ʻiʻo iguana ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me nā hua manu ma ke ʻano he kumu protein a waiwai ʻia no kā lākou lāʻau i manaʻo ʻia he lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā aphrodisiac. ʻIguana mahi ʻia i ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana ma ke ʻano he kumu meaʻai i ka hoʻāʻo e hoʻonāukiuki i ka hoʻohana mau ʻana o ka ʻāina ma Panama a me Costa Rica. ʻO nā ʻano hana mālama i hoʻohana ʻia e mālama a hoʻoikaika i ka heluna kanaka iguana me nā polokalamu hānau hānai, ka hana o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā ʻōpio i hopu ʻia i ka nāhelehele, a i hānai ʻia paha i ka pio, ma ka wahi i makemake ʻia.

Lā paʻi: 06/27/2019

Lā hou: 09/23/2019 ma 21:58