Mele butterfly - butterfly diurnal'ēheu uila, hiki ke loaʻa i nā māla o ka clover a iʻole alfalfa i ke kauwela. ʻAno like kēia mau mea ola me kekahi ʻano keʻokeʻo, no laila hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale wale ʻia ke noho lākou i nā anuhe anuhe. Kūpono ka genus i ka neʻe - i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā mea kanu meaʻai, hele nā moth i ka ʻākau.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Mīkini ʻōpala
ʻO ka jaundice (Colias hyale) kahi butterfly na ka ʻohana o nā hulu keʻokeʻo (Pieridae). He mau inoa ʻē aʻe ko ka moth: hyala jaundice (1758), jaundice peat liʻiliʻi (1761), jaundice maʻamau. Loaʻa ka genus ma mua o 80 mau ʻano.
ʻIke hoihoi: Ua hāʻawi ʻia ka inoa Lakina ʻo Colias hyale i ka ʻelima no ka hoʻohanohano ʻana i ka nymph Giala. He mea mahalo ia i ke akua wahine mea kanu ʻo Diana. Hele pū lāua e alualu a hoʻomaha i nā loko nahele. ʻO kā lākou mau kiʻi i nā kiʻi pena e hoʻonani i nā keʻena o nā hale hōʻikeʻike.
Ua wehewehe mua ʻia kēia ʻano e naturalist Karl Linnaeus.
Ma muli o ka hoʻolaha ākea, nui nā ʻāpana o ka moth:
- colias hyale hyale - maʻamau ma ʻEulopa, nā ʻāina CIS;
- colias hyale altaica - Teritori Altai;
- colias hyale irkutskana - noho i Transbaikalia;
- colias hyale alta - Asia Waena;
- colias hyale palidis - hikina o Siberia;
- colias hyale novasinensis - Kina.
Mea leʻaleʻa: I loko o kahi huakaʻi lōʻihi a puni ka honua, ua hauʻoli ʻo Charles Darwin i ka ʻike ʻana i kēia mau mea leʻaleʻa ke hele a puni ka lehulehu i kāna moku a pae i luna e hoʻomaha ai.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Meadow jaundice
Maʻalahi e huikau ka moth me nā kolo mai nā genus whiteworms. ʻO kā lākou enuhe wale nō, ke ʻano ʻokoʻa loa, e kōkua e hoʻopau i nā kānalua. ʻAlohilohi, ʻōmaʻomaʻo nā ʻenuhe o kēia ʻano. Ma ke kua, nā kaha melemele a me nā kiko ʻeleʻele i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i nā lālani ʻelua.
Video: Mele Puʻupuʻu
Melemele ke kala o nā ʻēheu o nā butterflies, i kekahi manawa ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻOkoʻa ka nui o nā ʻeheu o mua a i hope hoʻi, e like me ko lākou kala.
- ʻo ka ʻēheu o ke kāne he 5-6 centimetera;
- wahine - he mau milimita ka emi;
- ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka ʻēheu mua o ke kāne he 23-26 millimeter;
- ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka ʻēheu mua o ka wahine he 23-29 mm.
ʻO ka ʻaoʻao luna o nā ʻeheu melemele, ma ka hina ka hina o ka lalo. Ma luna o ka ʻēheu mua aia kahi mahele pouli me nā kiko melemele kīnā ʻole. Aia nā kiko ʻeleʻele ʻelua ma ka waena. Ma nā kaʻe e loaʻa ana nā ʻalani iwi kuʻe, ma luna he mau kiko pālua. He melemele mālamalama ka ʻaoʻao lalo.
ʻOi aku ka māmā o ka wahine a ʻaneʻane keʻokeʻo kona kua, me nā unahi melemele. Kūlike ke ʻano no nā kāne ʻelua. ʻO nā ʻēheu mua he huinahā ke ʻano, ua hoʻohuli ʻia nā ʻēheu hope. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia lākou e kahi ʻulaʻula. Poepoe ke poʻo, like ka maka o ka hemisphere ma ke ʻano a ʻo ia ka mea ʻoi loa o ka hui, e ʻeono kaukani nā aniani liʻiliʻi.
Antennae clavate, ʻeleʻele, mānoanoa i ka piko, a pink ma ke kumu. Hoʻolālā maikaʻi nā lālā, hoʻohana ʻia kēlā me kēia o lākou ke hele wāwae. Aia nā mea loaʻa ma nā wāwae. Mālamalama ka ʻōpū, hāwele i ka lihi. Uhi ʻia ka umauma i nā lauoho lōʻihi.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i ke ʻano o ka butterfly meadow jaundice. E nānā kāua i kona wahi e noho ai.
Ma hea e noho ai ka butterfly jaundice?
Kiʻi: Jaundice maʻamau
He ākea loa ka ʻāpana hāʻawi o ka moth - aia ʻo Europe a i 65 kekelē ʻākau latitu. Makemake ka ʻōpala i kahi aniau mehana.
Ma Rūsia, hiki ke loaʻa i nā wahi he nui, koe wale nō ka ʻākau.
- Gorno-Altai;
- Central ʻEulopa;
- Pribaikalsky;
- Tuvinsky;
- Volgo-Donsky;
- Ural ʻĀkau;
- Kaliningrad;
- ʻEulopa ʻĀkau Hikina;
- Nizhnevolzhsky a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Hiki ke loaʻa ʻaneʻane ma nā wahi āpau o ʻEulopa Hema. Ma ka hikina, kokoke i nā Polar Urals, hoʻopaʻa pinepine ʻia nā poʻe neʻe. No kekahi manawa lōʻihi, aia kekahi manaʻo ʻaʻole e noho ana kēia ʻano i ka Ciscaucasia, akā i kēia manawa ua hōʻole ʻia. ʻAʻole lele nā kolo i ke Kola Peninsula, i nā wao akua a me nā subzones o nā steppes maloʻo.
ʻO nā wahi punahele nā wahi ākea o nā ululāʻau a me nā steppe, nā kula, nā mālamalama, nā ululāʻau, nā māla, nā kapa muliwai, nā kahakai. I nā mauna mauna pua, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi kolo ma kahi kiʻekiʻena o 2 mika mika ma luna o ka ʻilikai. Loaʻa ma Turkey, Kina, Mongolia.
ʻIke hoihoi: Ma ka hema o ʻEulopa a me Caucasus, aia kekahi mau māhoe ʻelua a hiki i nā entomologists, ʻo Coliashyale a me Coliasalfacariensis, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale. I ka poʻe mākua, ʻano like ke kala a i ka wā e pau ai ke anuenuhe, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka laha.
I ke kauwela a me ke kauwela, neʻe aku ʻo Lepidoptera i ka ʻākau e ʻimi i nā mea kanu meaʻai. Nā ʻāpana alfalfa a me clover. Mahalo i ka neʻe ʻana, loaʻa nā ʻano i nā panalāʻau o Denmark, Austria, Polani, Pinilana, ʻItalia, Kelemania, Kuikilana, Lituania, Latvia, a me Nekelana.
He aha ka ʻai a ka butterfly jaundice?
Kiʻi: Mīkini ʻōpelu mai ka puke ʻulaʻula
ʻAi nui nā Imagoes i ka nectar, a lākou e hōʻiliʻili ai mai nā pua o ka clover ʻono, clover ʻono, broom, meadow clover, alfalfa crescent, alfalfa, beetle multicolored, vetch (pea pea), hypocrepsis, ʻulaʻula, esparcet, lio lio, rosacea a me nā pi ʻē aʻe. a me nā mea kanu kalifa.
Hānai ʻia nā ʻenuhe mai nā hua manu i ʻai nui i ka ʻiʻo o nā lau, e waiho ana i nā uaua. Ma hope o ke kolu o ka instar, ʻūlū ka larva i nā lau mai nā kihi, a me ka iwi iwi. Ma mua o ka hiamoe ʻana, hānai nui nā ʻenuhe no hoʻokahi mahina, i ka puna i kēia manawa he 20-23 mau lā.
ʻO ka jaundice ʻo Marco Polo, i kapa ʻia e ka ʻepekema Lūkini ʻo Grigory Grum-Grzhimailo no ka hoʻohanohano ʻana i ka mea huakaʻi ʻItalia, hānai i nā mea kanu astragalus. ʻAi ka jaundice o Christophe i nā mea kanu o ka cushion. Koho ʻo Jaundice Wiskott i nā pali i kanu ʻia me ka rattleworm. Hānai ka peund jaundice i nā lau blueberry.
Hānai nui nā ʻenuhe i ka pō. Loaʻa nā maka i ka imago ma kona mau wāwae, e ʻae iā ia e ʻono i ka nectar. Hiki i ka proboscis uila a hoʻoneʻe hoʻi iā ʻoe ke komo i loko o ka hohonu o ka pua e loaʻa i ka nectar. Makemake nā ʻenuhe o kekahi ʻano e hānai i nā lau o nā mea kanu ʻoʻoi.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Meadow jaundice butterfly
Lele nā pulelehua i nā wahi hema mai ʻApelila a ʻOkakopa. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā hanauna 2-3 o nā mea kolo i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Lele ka hanauna mua i nā wahi me kahi aniau mahana mai Mei a Iune, ka lua mai Iulai a ʻAukake. Lepidoptera o nā hanauna ʻelua lele pinepine i ka manawa like.
Hoʻoikaika nā butterflies i ke ao wale nō. I ka maha, pelu mau nā ʻēheu o lākou i hope o ko lākou kua, no laila paʻakikī loa e ʻike i ka ʻaoʻao luna o nā ʻeheu. Lele wikiwiki nā kānaka. I ka hopena o ke kauwela a me ke kauwela hele, hele nā kolo i nā ʻĀkau ʻākau e noho i nā wahi me ka nui o nā mea kanu forage.
ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne, ma muli o kahi nohona noho. Lele pinepine lākou, ʻo ka hapa nui o ka manawa noho lākou i ka mauʻu. Kūlike ʻole kā lākou lele, lele, lele. Noho ka peund jaundice ma kahi o nā manawa āpau i nā kahawai. ʻO nā kāne, ʻoiai ke ʻano o ka nohona, hiki ke loaʻa ma mua o ko lākou wahi noho maʻamau i ke kau wela.
Hāʻawi ka manuahi manuahi i nā kolo e uhi i kahi mamao loa. ʻAʻole lākou e piʻi aʻe ma mua o ka mika mai ka honua. Aia ke ola i ka nohona. I nā kūlana maikaʻi, hiki i 10 mau mahina. Noho wale kekahi ʻano o ka jaundice mai kekahi mau lā a i ʻelua mau pule.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: butterfly jaundice maʻamau
ʻOiai ʻo ka lele o Lepidoptera i hoʻokahi manawa i ke kauwela, ʻike ʻia nā hanauna ʻelua i hoʻokahi makahiki. Ma nā ʻeheu o nā kāne he unahi unahi kūikawā e hoʻopau i nā pheromones, i hoʻolālā ʻia e ʻumeʻume i nā wahine o ka ʻano like. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia kēia mau unahi i nā huhui e hana ana i nā kiko.
I ke ao, ke ʻimi nei nā hoa i kekahi i kekahi no ka moena ʻana, lele lele lākou me ka hoʻomaha ʻole. Ma hope o ka male ʻana, lele nā wahine i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā mea kanu ʻai ʻenuhe. Kau lākou i 1-2 mau hua ma loko o ka lau a i ʻole nā kumu o ka mea kanu. Pākuʻi ʻia nā hua me 26 a i ʻole 28 mau iwi ʻaoʻao.
Ma hope koke iho o ke kau ʻana, melemele ka hua, akā i ka manawa e hiki mai ai ka ʻenuhe, loaʻa iā ia i kahi ʻano ʻulaʻula. Hōʻike ka larva ma ka lā 7-8th. Hānau ʻia ka ʻenuhe i ʻōmaʻomaʻo me nā ʻulaʻula ʻalani e pili ana i 1.6 mm ka lōʻihi. Nui ke poʻo, me nā granule keʻokeʻo.
Hoʻolālā ka hanauna kauwela ma 24 mau lā. Piʻi ka larvae hoʻoheheʻe i ʻekolu mau manawa a hele i ka hoʻoilo. I kēia manawa, ua ulu lākou i 8 mm. I ʻEulopa, wahī nā ʻenuhe iā lākou iho i nā lau no ka hoʻoilo; i nā anuanu anuanu, kanu lākou iā lākou iho i ka lepo.
Ma ka puna, hiki i ka lōʻihi o ka larvae i 30 mm, ua uhi ʻia lākou me nā lauoho ʻeleʻele. Hana ʻia ka pupation ma hope o ka makahiki ʻelima. Me kahi pae silika, pili nā ʻenuhe i kahi koʻokoʻo a i ʻole lau. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo nō hoʻi ka pupa, 20-22 mm ka lōʻihi. I ke kakali ʻana i ke ʻano o ka butterfly, ʻulaʻula ka pupa.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā pepe jaundice
Kiʻi: Mīkini ʻōpelu mai ka puke ʻulaʻula
No ka hapa nui, ʻo nā ʻenemi o nā ʻenuhe nā ʻenemi predatory e ʻimi iā lākou. ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā mākua nā pepelu, nā manu, nā amphibians, nā mea kolo, nā mea hānai liʻiliʻi.
I waena o lākou:
- nā holo waʻa;
- hymenoptera;
- sphecides;
- punawelewele;
- lōlō hihi;
- nalo nalo;
- naonao;
- lele ʻo tahini;
- ʻōpala ʻaihue;
- ladybugs;
- pule lole;
- ktyri;
- poʻo nui;
- nā moʻo;
- kiwi;
- rana.
Hualu nā manu i nā lūlū e hānai i kā lākou mau moa. Hoʻouka kekahi manu i nā kolo ke hoʻomaha lākou, hānai a inu wai paha. Piʻi nā manu me nā butterflies i nā kumulāʻau e lele ai ko lākou mau ʻeheu, a ma hope e ʻai wale lākou i ka ʻōpū. Hopu nā manu Hema i ka lepidoptera i ka lele.
ʻAʻole weliweli ka nui o nā invertebrates no ka genus. Kau nā nalo Parasitic i kā lākou mau hua ma nā lau, a laila ʻai ʻia e nā pulelehua, e lilo ana i mau halihali o nā larva o nā nalo, e ʻai ola nei i ka pepepe. I loko o ke kino, hānai lākou i nā mea o ka jaundice, ulu a ulu. Hiki i nā lālani parasite 80 ke kolo i waho o ka ʻenuhe.
Hāʻule kekahi mau kānaka i ka cobweb, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kolo i make i nā spider predatory i makemake i ka hopu holoholona. ʻAʻole hōʻeha nā parasites i nā mākua. Noho lākou i ke kino o ka pulelehua, akā ʻaʻole lākou e pepehi, no ka mea, kau ka mea ola i ka mea hoʻokipa.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Meadow jaundice
ʻAʻole mea nui ka helu o nā jaundice peat. I kekahi mau wahi, no ka laʻana, ma ka Rivne Nature Reserve, i ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kauwela, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā butterfly 6-10 i kēlā me kēia hectare o ka nohona. Ma ke anuhe anuhe, hoʻopōʻino nā mea kolo i nā mea kanu mahiʻai.
Hoʻohana kekahi mau mahiʻai i nā insecticides e kāohi i nā larvae. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka hōʻino ʻole i ka lehulehu. ʻO ka unuhi ʻia ʻana o ka peat a me ka hoʻoiho wai o nā bogs e hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻole i nā wahi noho maoli o Lepidoptera; ulu ʻia nā peat bogs me nā kumu lāʻau a me nā kumulāʻau, kahi e alakaʻi ai i ka hōʻemi ʻana o nā helu. Hoʻopili maikaʻi ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā blueberry i ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻenuhe.
Ma ʻEulopa Komohana a me kekahi mau ʻāina ʻEulopa ʻEulopa, ua heleleʻi nā helu i nā pae koʻikoʻi ma luna o ka 20 kenekulia. I nā biotopes, ma lalo o nā kūlana kūpono, hiki ke kūpaʻa ka helu o kēlā me kēia. I Belarus, ke emi haʻahaʻa nei.
Hoʻopili pū nā mea kaupalena i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i kēlā me kēia heluna kanaka, kahi liʻiliʻi o nā wahi noho maoli, ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā puʻupuʻu oligotrophic, ka puhi ʻana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā bogs i hāpai ʻia. Ma nā wahi i loaʻa ai kēlā me kēia kanaka i nā helu hoʻokahi, ua alakaʻi kēia mau mea i ka emi nui o ka heluna kanaka a i ʻole ka nalo piha.
Ka pale ʻana i nā butterfly jaundice
Kiʻi: Jaundice maʻamau
ʻOiai ke ʻano o ka genus i ka mahele o nā pests, eia nō naʻe ua helu ʻia i loko o ka Red Book a pale ʻia e ke kānāwai ma ke kaiaola. Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Hekla jaundice a me jaundice gula i loko o ka "Red Book of European Day Butterflies", hāʻawi ʻia lākou i ka mahele SPEC3. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka peund jaundice i loko o ka Red Book o Ukraine me ka mahele I a me ka Red Book o Belarus me ka mahele II.
Ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻano he nui i loko o ka Red Data Book o ka USSR ma mua. Pono nā ʻano laha i ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole mai nā kānaka i nā hana hoʻomalu hou a me ka kaohi i ko lākou kūlana, ʻimi i nā heluna kanaka i ko lākou wahi noho.
I Ukraine, pale ʻia ka peund jaundice i nā mālama he nui ma Polesie. I nā wahi me ka heluna kanaka nui, koi ʻia e kūkulu i nā waihona entomological me ka mālama ʻana o nā peatlands i ko lākou kūlana kūlohelohe, ka mea e hopohopo nui nei i nā bogs.
I ka hanana e hoʻomaloʻo ai nā ʻōpu a me nā ululāʻau e pili ana, pono e hana i nā hana e hoʻihoʻi i ke aupuni hydrological. Hoʻopili kēia i ka hoʻopili ʻia o nā kahawai hoʻopiʻi i manaʻo ʻia no ka kahe ʻana mai o ka wai mai nā kahawai. ʻAe ʻia ka ʻoki ʻana o ka nahele me ka ʻole o ka hōʻino ʻana i ka uhi honua.
Pale ʻia ka laha ma ka panalāʻau o ka NP "Nechkinsky" a me kahi mālama kino botanical "Andreevsky pine forest". ʻAʻole koi ʻia nā ana hou aʻe ma ka ʻāina o nā wahi pale. ʻO kahi hoʻonohonoho o nā hana maʻamau e kia ana i ka mālama ʻana i nā mea olaola ua lawa.
Mele butterfly hāʻawi i nā pōmaikaʻi nui i ka hāpai ʻana i ka pollination a me ka pollination ponoʻī o nā mea kanu he nui. Pau ʻole nā kumuwaiwai kūlohelohe a ʻaʻohe ʻokoʻa nā moth. Ua kuhikuhi nā ʻepekema i nā hana he nui e noiʻi a pale i ka wahi noho o nā pua ʻēheu, e mālama a hoʻonui i kā lākou helu.
Lā paʻi: 20.06.2019
Lā hou: 09/23/2019 ma 20:54
