Hoopoe - liʻiliʻi i ka nui, akā manu hiki ʻole ke hoʻomanaʻo ʻia me ka plumage ʻōlinolino, nuku nuku elongated a me kahi pahi peʻapeʻa. Nā ʻohana o Upupidae (hoopoe). Nui nā manaʻo pili i ka manu. Ma Rūsia, ua ʻike ʻia kāna uē ʻana ma ke ʻano he huaʻōlelo "Maikaʻi ma aneʻi!", Ka mea i manaʻo ʻia he hōʻailona maikaʻi ʻole.
Ma ka hema o Lūkia a me Ukraine, ua hoʻopili ʻia ka uē o ka hoopoe me ka hoʻomaka o ka ua. I nā kaʻao Caucasian, ua ʻōlelo ʻia e pili ana i ka helehelena o kahi ʻāpā i nā manu. "I kekahi lā ua ʻike ka makuahonowai kāne i kāna hūnōna wahine e kāhili ana i kona lauoho. No ka hilahila, ua makemake ka wahine e lilo i manu, a ua waiho ka waihona i kona lauoho.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Hoopoe
ʻO nā inoa o ka hoopoe ma nā ʻōlelo like ʻole he ʻano onomatopoeic e hoʻohālike i ka uē o kahi manu. ʻO ka hoopoe ka mea i hoʻokaʻawale mua ʻia i ka claci Coraciiformes. Akā i ka ʻauhau Sibley-Alquist, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka hoopoe mai nā Coraciiformes ma ke ʻano he kaʻina kaʻawale o Upupiformes. I kēia manawa ʻae like nā mea nānā manu a pau ʻo ka hoopoe no ka puʻupuʻu.
Mea hoihoi: ʻAʻole hāʻawi nā hiʻohiʻona fossil i kiʻi piha o ke kumu o ka hoopoe. ʻO ka moʻolelo mōʻalihaku o ko lākou mau hoahānau he mea kahiko loa: ua hoʻi kā lākou kumulāʻau i ka Miocene, a me kahi ʻohana pili pili ʻole, Messelirrisoridae, e hoʻomaka ana.
ʻO kona mau hoahānau kokoke loa he mea lawaiʻa a me nā mea ʻai pi. Eia nō naʻe, ʻokoʻa nā hoopoes i ke kala a me ka lawena. ʻEiwa mau ʻāpana o ka hoopoe (a ʻo kekahi mau haʻawina haʻawina e hōʻike ana he pono lākou e ʻike ʻia he mau ʻāpana kaʻawale). Ua ʻike ʻia he 9 mau ʻāpana o ka hoopoe i loko o ke "Guide to the Birds of the World", a ʻokoʻa kēia mau ʻāpana i ka nui a me ka hohonu o ke kala i loko o ka plumage. ʻO ka taxonomy ma waena o nā subgroups ʻaʻole maopopo a hakakā pinepine ʻia, me kekahi poʻe ʻauhau ʻokoʻa ma waena o ʻelua mau ʻāpana africana a me marginata me ke kūlana o nā ʻano ʻokoʻa.
- epops epops - hoopoe maʻamau;
- epops longirostris;
- epops ceylonensis;
- epops waibeli;
- epops senegalensis - Senegalese hoopoe;
- epops nui;
- epops saturata;
- epops africana - ʻApelika
- epops marginata - Madagascar.
ʻO ka genus Upupa i haku ʻia e Linnaeus i ka makahiki 1758.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Hoopoe manu
ʻAʻohe puʻupuʻu moe kolohe i haʻi ʻia i ka hoopoe; ʻoi iki ka wahine ma mua o ke kāne a he kala ʻemi iki kona. ʻO ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka papahele he hiki wale nō ma kahi kokoke. Ma ke poʻo aia kahi ʻano peʻahi ʻalani-ʻulaʻula kihi me kahi poʻo ʻeleʻele. ʻO 5-11 knm kona lōʻihi. ʻO kēia ka hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona nui o ka hiʻohiʻona o ka manu. ʻO ke kala o ke poʻo, ka umauma a me ka ʻāʻī e ʻokoʻa aʻe mai nā ʻano a i kekahi mau ʻano a he ʻālohilohi a brownish paha, nā underparts ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula me nā kiko ʻeleʻele lōʻihi i nā ʻaoʻao.
Video: Hoopoe
ʻO ka huelo he waena, ʻeleʻele i ke kala me kahi ākea keʻokeʻo ākea i waenakonu. ʻAʻole lōʻihi ka lelo a no laila hoʻolei pinepine nā hoopoes i ka mea i loaʻa a hopu iā ia me ka nuku hāmama. Paʻa a ikaika hoʻi nā wāwae, kēpau hina i ke kala, me nā māiʻuo kī. ʻAʻole liʻiliʻi ke kala o nā ʻōpio, he nuku pōkole a me ka piko. Ākea a poepoe nā ʻeheu, me nā kaha ʻeleʻele a me nā keʻokeʻo melemele.
ʻO nā palena nui o ka hoopoe:
- lōʻihi o ke kino 28-29 cm;
- ʻēheu 45-46 cm;
- ka lōʻihi o ka huelo 10 cm;
- ka lōʻihi nuku 5-6 cm;
- ke kaupaona o ke kino ma kahi o 50-80 g.
ʻOi aku ka nui o nā Hoopoes ma mua o nā starling. Hoʻomaopopo maʻalahi ka manu, keu hoʻi i ka lele ʻana, no ka mea ʻo ia wale nō ka manu ʻEulopa e hoʻohui i ka ʻulaʻula, ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo i loko o kāna hulu. Mahalo i kā lākou plumage, hui pū lākou me ko lākou kaiapuni i ka wā o ka hānai ʻana a me ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai.
Ma hea e noho ai ka hoopoe?
Kiʻi: Hoopoe ma Lūkia
Noho ʻo Hoopoes ma ʻEulopa, ʻAsia a me ʻApelika (ma waena o Madagascar a me ʻApelika sub-Sahara). ʻO ka hapa nui o nā manu ʻEulopa a me nā lunamakaʻāinana o kēia mau manu o ʻAkau ʻAkau ʻAkau e neʻe i ka tropic no ka hoʻoilo. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, noho mau ka poʻe ʻApelika ma loko o ka makahiki.
Nui nā koi ʻana o ka manu i ka ʻāina: nā ʻāina ulu ʻole a me nā kaumaha (nā kumu lāʻau, nā pali pōhaku, nā paia, nā mauʻu a me nā lua kūʻole) i kahi e hiki ai iā ia ke pūnana. Hiki i nā kaiaolaola ke kākoʻo i kēia mau koi, no laila noho ka hoopoe i kahi ākea o nā wahi noho: kahakai, savannas, steppes wahie a me nā nāhelehele. Noho pū nā wahi ʻāpana ʻo Madagascar i ka ululāʻau mua loa.
Loaʻa ka manu ma nā wahi āpau o ʻEulopa.
- Pōlani;
- Ikalia;
- Ukelena;
- Palani;
- Kepania;
- Pokukala;
- Helene;
- Kuleke.
I Kelemania, noho wale nā hoopoes ma kekahi mau wahi. Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻike ʻia lākou i ka hema o Denmark, Switzerland, Estonia, Netherlands, Latvia a me ʻEnelani. A i ka makahiki 1975, ua ʻike ʻia lāua no ka manawa mua ma ʻĀpana. I Rūsia, nā pūnana hoopoe ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ke awāwa ʻo Pinilana, ma nā wahi he nui.
Ma Siberia, hiki ka pae o ka hoopoe i Tomsk a me Achinsk ma ke komohana, a ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina o ka ʻāina e kū ana ia mai ka ʻākau o Lake Baikal, ma ke kahawai ʻo Muya Hema ma Transbaikalia a iho i ke kahawai ʻo Amur. Ma waho o Rūsia, ma ʻAsia, ola ia kokoke i nā wahi āpau. Hoʻokahi o nā hiʻohiʻona i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 6400 m e ka huakaʻi mua i ka mauna Everest.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi e noho ai ka pīpoe. E ʻike koke kākou i ka mea a kēia manu ʻōlinolino e ʻai nei.
He aha ka ʻai a ka hoopoe?
Kiʻi: Hoopoe nahele
Makemake ʻo ia e ʻai hoʻokahi, ma ka honua pinepine, emi pinepine i ka lewa. ʻO nā ʻeheu ikaika a poepoe e hiki ai i kēia mau manu ke wikiwiki a wikiwiki i ka alualu ʻana i nā mea kolo e ulu ana. ʻO ka ʻimi ʻai o ka hoopoe e neʻe a puni i kahi ākea, e kū ana e nānā i ka pae o ka lepo. Wehe ʻia nā larvae ʻelima i ʻike ʻia a me ka nuku, a i ʻeli ʻia me nā wāwae ikaika. ʻO ka papaʻai o ka hoopoe ka mea nui o: nā mea kolo nui, i kekahi manawa nā mea kolo liʻiliʻi, nā rana, nā ʻanoʻano, nā hua.
I ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, e ʻimi ka manu i nā puʻu o nā lau, e hoʻohana i kona nuku e hāpai i nā pōhaku nunui a hoʻokaʻawale i ka ʻili.
ʻO nā meaʻai ʻo Hoopoe:
- ʻalekiki;
- ʻūhini;
- Nā nalo meli;
- cicadas;
- naonao;
- nalo ʻāpala;
- ʻūhini;
- mea ʻai make;
- butterflies;
- punawelewele;
- lele;
- nā kauā;
- nā moʻo lāʻau;
- centipedes, etc.
Kākaʻikahi ka hoʻāʻo e hopu i nā rana liʻiliʻi, nāhesa a me nā moʻo. ʻO ka nui o ka mining mining ma kahi o 20-30 mm. Kuʻi ka Hoopoes i ka mea pio i ka honua a i ka pōhaku e pepehi a hoʻolei aku i nā ʻāpana kolo ʻole o nā kolo, e like me nā wāwae a me nā ʻeheu.
Loaʻa ka nuku lōʻihi, ʻeli ʻo ia i ka lāʻau popopo, manure, hana i nā lua pāpaʻu i ka lepo. ʻO ka pinepine, hele pū nā hoopoes me nā bipi hānai. He alelo pokole kona, no laila ʻaʻole hiki i kekahi manawa ke ale i nā pio mai ka honua - kiola ʻo ia iā ia, hopu iā ia a ale iā ia. E uhaʻi i nā nalo nunui i mau ʻāpana ma mua o ka hoʻohana.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Hoopoe
Mahalo i nā kaha ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo o nā ailerons a me ka huelo i ka lele ʻana, ua like ka hoopoe me kahi butterfly a i ʻole jay. Lele haʻahaʻa ia ma luna o ka honua. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka manu me kona mau ʻeheu e pālahalaha ana, e basking ana i ka lā. ʻAʻole maʻalahi ka hoopoe e ʻike i ke kula, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia he manu makaʻu, a noho pinepine i nā wahi ākea, kahi e noho ai ma nā mea kiʻekiʻe. Makemake ka hoopoe i ka ʻauʻau one.
Mea hoihoi: He hopena moʻomeheu kā Hoopoes i nā ʻāina he nui. Ua manaʻo ʻia he laʻa lākou ma ʻAigupita kahiko a he hōʻailona o ka pono ma Peresia. I ka Baibala, kapa ʻia lākou he holoholona ʻinoʻino pono ʻole ke ʻai ʻia. Ua manaʻo ʻia he ʻaihue lākou i ka hapa nui o ʻEulopa a me nā mea kaua o Scandinavia. Ma ʻAigupita, "kiʻi ʻia nā manu ma nā paia o nā hale kupapaʻu a me nā luakini."
Ma ka ʻili o ka honua e neʻe a ʻike ʻole ʻia a wikiwiki hoʻi. ʻEleu i ke ao ke ʻimi nei i ka meaʻai. He manu manamana wale kēia e ʻākoakoa wale ana no kahi manawa pōkole, ke pono lākou e neʻe no ka hoʻoilo. I ka wā o ka noho aloha ʻana, lele lele lākou, koho i kahi no ka pūnana e hiki mai ana. ʻO ka pinepine, hoʻohana ʻia ka wahi i koho ʻia no ka hānau ʻana no kekahi mau makahiki. Ma nā wahi o nā manu ʻē aʻe, hiki i nā hakakā ma waena o nā kāne ke hana, e like me nā moa.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Hoopoe manu
Hoʻokahi monogamous ka hoopoe no hoʻokahi kau hānau. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia kāna ʻano aloha e nā lālani bele nui. Inā hana ka wahine, hoʻāʻo ke kāne e hoʻohihi i ka mea i koho ʻia ma ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka meaʻai, a alualu pinepine iā ia no ka manawa lōʻihi. Hana pinepine ʻia nā kope i ka honua. Hoʻokahi hua o nā manu i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Akā pili wale kēia i nā ʻĀkau o ka ʻākau, nā heluna o ka hema, hele pinepine i ka lua o nā pua.
Mea hoihoi: Aia ka nui o ka paʻa i ka wahi o nā manu: ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hua i waiho ʻia ma ka hemisphere ʻākau ma mua o ka hema. Ma ka ʻākau a me ka waena o ʻEulopa a me ʻAsia, ʻo ka nui o ka paʻa e pili ana i nā hua he 12, ʻoiai i nā tropika he ʻehā paha ia, a ma nā subtropics - ʻehiku.
Hōʻalo koke nā hua i kahi pūnana lepo. ʻO ko lākou kaumaha he 4.5 gram. Kūlana nui loa nā pūnaewele pūnana. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka pūnana a ʻelima mau mika. Hoʻomoe ka wahine i nā hua uliuli a i ʻole ʻōmaʻomaʻo elliptical, a laila hoʻoulu ʻia no 16 a 19 mau lā. ʻO ka nui o ka nui o ka hua manu ma kahi o 26 x 18 mm. Ma hope o ka hatching, pono nā moa i 20 a 28 mau lā e haʻalele i ka pūnana. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā hua manu e ka wahine wale nō.
I ka wā hānau, a i ʻole ma nā lā he ʻumi i hala, hāʻawi wale ke kāne i ka meaʻai no ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa. Ke ulu wale nā moa a hiki iā lākou ke waiho hoʻokahi, hoʻomaka ka wahine e ʻimi i ka meaʻai. No ʻelima mau lā hou aku, hānai nā keiki moa i ka wahi makua ma mua o ka haʻalele.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o ka hoopoe
Kiʻi: Hoopoe ma luna o kahi kumulāʻau
ʻAʻole hiki i ka Hoopoes ke lilo i waiwai pio na ka poʻe ʻaihue. Hoʻololi i ka hana a nā ʻenemi, nā hoopoes a me kā lākou mau keiki i hoʻomohala i nā ʻano hana kūikawā. Ke kū koke kahi manu manu kolohe, ke hiki ʻole ke hoʻi palekana i kahi puʻuhonua, lawe nā hoopoes i kahi kāmahu hoʻohiehie, e hana ana i kahi contour kino ʻole me nā plumage kala momona. Moe ka manu i ka honua, e hohola ana i kona mau ʻeheu a me ka huelo ākea. ʻO ka ʻāʻī, ke poʻo a me ka nuku e kuhikuhi pololei i luna. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā predators e nānā iā ia i kēia kūlana pale pale ʻole. ʻO kekahi o nā mea noiʻi i kēia kūlana o ke kino i ʻike koke ʻia i kahi kūlana hōʻoluʻolu no ka hoʻomaha.
Mea hoihoi: ʻAʻole pale aku nā chicks i hoʻoweliweli ʻia e ka poʻe ʻaihue. ʻUʻā lākou e like me nā nahesa, a hoʻomoe kekahi poʻe ʻelemakule i kā lākou feces ma ka puka o ke ana he pale. ʻOiai ke hopu ʻia, hoʻomau lākou i ke kūʻē ikaika.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻo kahi wai aila me kahi ʻaʻala maikaʻi ʻole mai ka pancreas kahi lāʻau lapaʻau kūpono loa e kūʻē i nā hoʻouka kaua a nā mea ʻino. I ka pūnana, he pale maikaʻi maikaʻi ka wahine hoʻomake i nā mea ʻino. Hoʻololi wikiwiki ʻia ke goke coccygeal e hana i kahi substrate pilau. Hiki i nā momona o nā moa ke hana like. Hoʻokomo ʻia kēia mau huna i loko o ka plumage. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka wai i nā wā maʻamau, a hoʻonui paha i nā hanana o ka overexcitation.
Manaʻo ʻia ʻo Masonry e honi e like me ka ʻai pala e kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i nā mea ʻino, a pale pū i ka ulu parasite a loaʻa paha nā hopena antibacterial. Kū ka huna i ka manawa pōkole ma mua o ka haʻalele ʻana o nā ʻōpio i ka pūnana. Hiki ke alualu ʻia nā Hoopoes e ke ʻano manu e nā manu pio, nā māmela, a ua luku ʻia e nā nahesa.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Hoopoe manu
ʻAʻole weliweli ka laha e like me ka ʻikepili IUCN (kūlana LC - Least Concern). I nā makahiki 1980 mua, ka heluna kanaka o ka ʻākau o ʻEulopa, e like me ka noiʻi ʻana, e emi ana, no ka loli paha o ke aniau. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā hoʻololi e pili ana i nā hana a ke kanaka i nā wahi maoli o nā manu ua alakaʻi i ka pono o nā hobbyist e noho i nā kumu ʻoliva, nā māla waina, nā māla, nā pāka a me nā ʻāina mahiʻai ʻē aʻe. Eia nō naʻe, i nā wahi me ka mahi mahiʻai ikaika, ke emi nei ka heluna kanaka o lākou. Eia kekahi, hoʻoweliweli ʻia ka hoopoe e nā starling e hoʻokūkū nei me lākou no nā wahi pūnana.
Mea hoihoi: I ka 2016, ua kapa ʻia ka hoopoe i manu no ka makahiki e ka Russian Conservation Union. Ua kuapo ʻo ia i ka redstart i kēia moho.
ʻO ka emi ʻana o ka nui i nā makahiki he hala i hala ka hopena o ka loaʻa liʻiliʻi o ka meaʻai no nā manu. Hoʻohana ʻia nā pesticides i ka mahiʻai, a me ka neʻe ʻana mai ka hānau nui ʻana o nā bipi, i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka helu o nā mea kolo ka meaʻai nui no nā manuʻai manu. hoopoe... ʻOiai ka hōʻemi ʻana o ka nui o nā manu i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ʻaʻole ʻae ka dinamika o ka hōʻemi i kēia lā i ka hāʻawi ʻana i kēia ʻano i ka hui o nā holoholona nāwaliwali, no ka mea kiʻekiʻe ka helu o nā kānaka.
Lā paʻi: 06.06.2019
Lā hou: 22.09.2019 ma 23:11
