Mele pepelu - kekahi o nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana keʻokeʻo. Māhele ʻia kēia ʻano i nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa, a manaʻo ʻia lākou a pau he diurnal. He mau inoa ko ka butterfly. Hiki ke loaʻa iā ia ma lalo o ka inoa Aurora, whitewash wili pōkole a i ʻole ka wanaʻao puʻuwai. ʻO ka inoa hope ma muli o ka pilina pili loa o ka ʻelima me ka mea ulu o ka nahele o ka inoa like. Hāʻawi ia i nā hua ma luna ona, hānau ʻia nā ʻenuhe ma luna ona a hoʻolilo i kekahi hapa o ko lākou ola pōʻaiapuni. ʻO ka butterfly ka wanaʻao i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā momona a palupalu i waena o nā butterflies e kū nei.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Lā Pupu
ʻO Aurora no nā pepeke arthropod, ke kauoha a Lepidoptera, ka ʻohana butterflies o nā keʻokeʻo. ʻO ka butterfly kahi lālā o ka subfamily pierinae, genus anthocharis, kahi ʻano wanaʻao. ʻO ka butterfly ka wanaʻao i manaʻo ʻia he ʻano nui o ka lokomaikaʻi, sophistication a me ka palupalu. I nā kaʻao Lūkini kahiko a me nā kaʻao, ʻike ʻia ka butterfly ma ke ʻano o ke akua wahine o ke ao, nāna e lawe mai ke ao. Ua hana ʻo Carl Linnaeus i ka wehewehe o ka butterfly, ke aʻo ʻana i ke ala o ke ola a me kāna mau pōʻaiapuni.
Wahi a ka poʻe Paleontologists ʻo ka butterflies kekahi o nā mea ola kahiko loa o ka honua. ʻO ka ʻike kahiko loa o nā kūpuna o nā butterflies o kēia mau lā e hōʻike ana aia lākou ma kahi o 200 miliona mau makahiki i hala. Ua ʻike mua ʻia lākou ma mua o nā ʻano mea kanu kahiko o nā pua ulu. Wahi a ka loaʻa i loaʻa, i ka helehelena, ua like nā butterflies kahiko me kahi mu. Ua hiki ke loaʻa kēia ʻike i kēia ʻano pepeke kokoke he 50-70 miliona mau makahiki i hala ma mua o ka manaʻo o nā ʻepekema. I ka mua, hoʻopili nā ornithologists i ka manawa o ka helehelena o nā butterflies i ka wā o ka heluna kanaka o ka honua me nā mea kanu pua, ma ke ʻano he kumu meaʻai nui no nā butterflies.
Video: ʻAno Pepeiao
ʻO kekahi hōʻike ʻē aʻe i hōʻike ʻia nā butterflies ma mua o nā mea kanu pua ke loaʻa o kahi ʻepekema a me kahi noiʻi mai Kelemania, Van De Schotbrüge. Ua ʻike ka ʻepekema a me kāna hui ma ka panalāʻau o Kelemania i nā ʻāpana o ka lāhui paʻa ʻāina ʻē a ma kahi o 200 miliona mau makahiki. I ka wā o ke aʻo ʻana i kēia mau pōhaku, ua loaʻa nā koena o nā unahi o nā ʻeheu o nā butterflies kahiko i loko o lākou. Ua ola kēia ʻano ma ka Honua no kahi manawa pōkole. I loko o ka wā maloʻo, i ka hopena o ka wā Triassic, ua emi nui kā lākou helu ma muli o ka lawa ʻole o ka wai.
ʻAʻole ʻae nā kānaka ʻepekema ʻo ia ma kēia wā i hoʻokumu ʻia ai kahi proboscis ma waena o nā kūpuna kahiko o nā butterflies, i hiki ai ke hōʻiliʻili i nā kulu liʻiliʻi o ka hau. Ma hope mai, ua ulu aʻe kekahi o kēia ʻano butterflies, loaʻa kahi helehelena e like me nā lā hou o kēia ao a aʻo e hoʻohana i ka proboscis e loaʻa ai ke kumu nui o ka meaʻai - nectar.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Butterfly Aurora
ʻAʻole nui ka wanaʻao. ʻEhā ona ʻeheu. Liʻiliʻi ka ʻēheu - like ia me 48 - 50 mm. ʻO ka nui o ka forewing 23-25 mm o. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o hoʻokahi kanaka ma kahi o 1.7-1.9 knm. Hōʻike ʻia ka loea waha e kahi proboscis. ʻO ke poʻo liʻiliʻi he ʻelua antena i ka luna. Hinahina nā Antennae, ma ka hopena o kēlā me kēia o lākou he mau lei kālā.
Hōʻike kēia ʻano mea kolo i ka dimorphism moekolohe. I nā kāne, aia nā lauoho melemele-hina hina ma ke poʻo a me ka umauma. I nā wahine, hina hina kēia mau lauoho. Eia kekahi, ʻokoʻa e ʻike ʻia nā wahine a me nā kāne e ke kala o nā ʻeheu, i kā lākou ʻaoʻao luna. I nā kāne he keʻokeʻo-ʻalani ke kala, i nā wahine keʻokeʻo. ʻEleʻele nā kihi ʻēheu i nā wahine, keʻokeʻo i nā kāne. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao i loko o nā ʻeheu o ka wanaʻao, me ka nānā ʻole i ka wahine, he ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo momona ʻona.
ʻO nā mea ʻālohilohi, ʻalani momona a ʻoluʻolu loa i ka wā lele a me nā ʻēheu. Eia kekahi, me ke kōkua o kēlā mau ʻēheu ʻōlinolino, ʻumeʻume nā kāne i nā wahine i ka wā o ka male ʻana. ʻO ka manawa e pelu ai kahi peʻe i kona mau ʻeheu, hiki iā ia ke nalowale ma waena o nā ʻano mea kanu like ʻole a noho ʻike ʻole ʻia.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Ke alo o nā ʻalani ʻalani ma nā ʻēheu e aʻo i nā manu o ka mea i hiki i ka mea kolo ke lilo i mea ʻawahia, a laila e makaʻu iā lākou.
ʻO ka ʻenuhe e puka mai ana mai ka cocoon he kala ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo me nā kiko ʻeleʻele. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo ke poʻo o ke kino, ʻaneʻane ʻaneʻane ka palahū, ma ka hope kahi kaula māmā. ʻO Pupae kahi alahele, streamline o ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻeleʻele a i ʻole nā kala brown me nā ʻāpana māmā i nā ʻaoʻao.
Uhi ʻia ke kino o nā butterflies me nā antennae, ʻokoʻa ke kala o nā kāne a me nā wahine. I nā kāne ua hina lākou me kahi ʻano melemele, i nā wahine ʻeleʻele lākou. Hiki ke hoʻololi iki ka nui o ke kino a me ke kala i ka ʻāina o ka noho. ʻO ke kala e hoʻomalu ʻia e ke keʻokeʻo.
Ma hea e noho ai ka butterfly wanaʻao?
Kiʻi: Kupu lā jaundice pepe
ʻIke nui ʻia ka wanaʻao Core ma nā ululāʻau, nā māla, nā kula a me nā steppes. Hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa ma nā wahi mauna ma nā kiʻekiʻe a i 2000 mau mika ma luna o ka pae kai. Makemake lākou e noho i nā ulu lāʻau kokoke i nā kumu wai. ʻAʻole lākou e ʻae i nā wahi me kahi aniau maloʻo a hoʻāʻo e hōʻalo iā lākou. Hiki i nā butterflies ke lele i nā pā kaona a me nā kahua.
Hiki ke loaʻa kēia ʻano pepelu i nā wahi like ʻole o Eurasia. Loaʻa lākou iā lākou ma kahi o ʻEulopa, ma nā wahi wela ʻole o ʻAsia. Hoʻonui ka wahi noho mai ke kahakai o ke Kai Barents mai ke komohana a i ka polar Urals mai ka hikina. Ma ka panalāʻau o ka Kolum Peninsula, pili nā butterflies me nā biotopes meadow anthropogenic.
Makemake nā butterflies i nā wahi me kahi aniau subtropical, e hoʻāʻo nei e pale aku i nā wahi wao nahele, a me nā wahi me nā wahi maloʻo a maloʻo loa. Makemake lākou e noho ma ka panalāʻau o ka wao nahele, wehe i nā palena o ka ululāʻau, nā kula me nā kukui maikaʻi.
Nā ʻĀina Geographic o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā kolo:
- Siberia;
- Transbaikalia;
- Ma ka hikina mamao;
- Kina;
- Iapana;
- Sekotia;
- Skandinavia;
- nā ʻaoʻao hema o Sepania;
- ka panalāʻau o ʻEulopa holoʻokoʻa.
ʻIke hoihoi: Aia kekahi mau kāne hiki ke uhi i kahi mamao loa i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā meaʻai, a i ʻole nā wahine i ka wā hānau.
ʻO ka maʻamau i ka wā puna i ka Hikina ʻEulopa. Ma nā wahi hema ʻike ʻia mai ka waena o Malaki a lele a hiki i ka hopena o Iune, ma nā ʻĀkau ʻākau mai ka hopena o ʻApelila a lele lele a kokoke i ka hopena o ke kauwela kau.
He aha ka ʻai a ka butterfly wanaʻao?
Kiʻi: Lā Pepeiao mai ka puke ʻula
ʻO ke kumu nui o ka meaʻai ka nectar o nā mea kanu pua. Loaʻa iā lākou me ka proboscis. Makemake nā butterflies e ʻohiʻohi pollen mai nā mea kanu like ʻole e pili ana i ka pae o ko lākou ola pōʻaiapuni.
Makemake nā pepepe i nā mea kanu pua aʻe:
- pua ʻīlio viole;
- primrose;
- inflorescences o oregano;
- lole ahiahi.
Makemake nā ʻenuhe e ʻahaʻaina ma:
- nā lau nahele ʻōmaʻomaʻo o nā wana ʻōpio;
- kumu laulā.
Makemake nā larvae i nā ʻano mea kanu forage o nā mea kanu kāpeti ulu nahele:
- kālika;
- ʻeke ʻeke kahu hipa;
- hana kolohe;
- nā wili;
- mea hele wāwae;
- reseda.
ʻO ka ʻāpana nui o ka papaʻai he ʻano hūnā o nā mea kanu. Ma waho o kēia ʻano mea kanu, makemake nā butterflies e ʻahaʻaina i ka pollen a me ka nectar mai nā ʻano mea kanu pua. Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Dawn he pepelu kokoke i nā omnivorous. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ua hoʻopau ʻo ia i kahi nui o nā meaʻai, ʻoiai kona liʻiliʻi loa.
ʻAno lākou e ʻuwī ma aneane i nā mea āpau i manaʻo ʻia he ʻai no kēia ʻano pepeke. I mea e hele ai ka mea kolo i loko o ka pōʻaiapuni piha o kona hoʻomohala ʻana, a e hoʻomohala piha ka pupa, pono ia e ʻai ikaika. ʻO kahi mea ʻono no nā butterflies ka pollen, nectar a me nā inflorescences o nā mea ulu pua, i piha ke kō.
Noho a hānai nā wahine i kā lākou pōʻaiapuni ola ma loko o ka māhele like. He mea mau no nā kāne e hele lōʻihi i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai ke pono.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Lā Pepe ma Lūkia
ʻO ka wā kauwela o ka wanaʻao nui e hāʻule mai ka hopena o Malaki, i ka mua o ʻApelila a i waena o ke kauwela. I kēia wā o ka manawa, ʻimi nā ʻenekua i kahi pālua a hānau keiki. ʻO kēia ʻano o nā butterflies ka mea nui i ke ao; hoʻomaha lākou i ka pō. Makemake nā pepeke i nā wahi me ka nui o ka wela a me ka lā. Inā lākou e ʻike iā lākou iho i nā wahi me kahi ʻūlū, anu, a me ka ʻāʻā nui loa, make paha lākou ma mua o ka hiki ke hānau hou. ʻO ke kaʻa holoʻokoʻa holoʻokoʻa holoʻokoʻa mai ka hua manu a hiki i ke oʻo ʻana o kahi pepeke makua piha piha ma kahi o hoʻokahi makahiki.
Mea hoihoi: Ma loko o ka noiʻi, ua hoʻoholo ka ʻepekema i ka pōʻaiapuni ola o ka butterfly wanaʻao hiki ke manaʻo ʻia he hānau hou. ʻIke ʻia kahi ʻenuhe mai ka hua manu, a lilo i pupa, a laila i imago, i makua, a i hua hou. He mea nui ia e ola ana ke kanaka makua makua piha ma mua o ʻelua mau pule!
Kapa ʻia ka mahele nui o ke pōʻai ola i ka ʻenuhe. ʻOiai aia i loko o kēia wā e pono e hōʻiliʻili i ka nui o nā meaʻai e pono ai no ka hoʻomohala piha ʻana i nā pae ʻē aʻe āpau o ke ola ola. He maluhia nā butterfl o kēia ʻano, he mea maʻamau ʻole iā lākou e hōʻike i ka huhū i ko lākou ʻohana, ʻaʻole hoʻokūkū kekahi i kekahi. ʻAʻole manaʻo ʻia kēia ʻano kolo he mea ʻino, a no laila, ʻoiai ma nā wahi kahi e maʻa mau ai lākou, ʻaʻole hakakā nā kānaka iā lākou.
Noho ʻia nā wahine ma kekahi panalāʻau, ʻike ʻia nā kāne e ka hiki ke neʻe, ʻoi aku, ma kahi mamao aku, a piʻi i nā mauna a i 2000 mau mika ma luna o kaʻilikai.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Butterfly Aurora
ʻO ka wā hānau a kau i nā hua no ka Aurora i hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki. Ke hiki i ka manawa no ke kauwela hana o ka Aurora, hoʻomaka kēlā me kēia e ʻimi i kahi paʻa kūpono. ʻO ka hana nui i kēia mea he kāne. Ke hoʻomau nei lākou i ka lawe ʻana i ka hana, ka pā ʻana a me ka lele ʻana no nā wahine. Hōʻike nā kāne i nā ʻēheu ʻalani alohilohi, e ʻumeʻume i nā wahine e koho iā lākou no ka male ʻana.
Ma hope o ka male ʻana, hoʻomoe ka wahine i mau hua. Hoʻokahi hoʻokahi wahine i hoʻokahi i ʻekolu mau hua. Ma mua, koho ʻo ia i pua kūpono no kēia. Pono kēia i ka manawa ma hope koke o ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o ka larva, hiki iā ia ke ʻai i nā mea kanu. I ka wā o ka hoʻomoe ʻana i nā hua, hoʻomaʻū kahi wahine i nā pheromones kūikawā ma ka mea kanu i koho ʻia, e hōʻike ana ua paʻa mua kēia mea kanu.
Hoʻolālā ka larva ma waena o 5-15 mau lā. Hāʻule kēia manawa mai ka hopena o Mei a i ka waena o ka mahina mua o ke kauwela. Ua lilo ka lūlū i loko o nā ʻenuhe, hoʻomaka e ʻai ikaika i nā mea āpau i hiki ke ʻai ʻia: ka momona, nā lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo, nā ʻanoʻano, nā pua, nā ovaries. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo ka ʻenuhe me kahi aniani uliuli a me nā kiko ʻeleʻele ma kona kino holoʻokoʻa. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona kikoʻī kekahi laina keʻokeʻo i ka hope. Hana ʻia ʻo Molt i ʻehā mau manawa i nā pule he 5-6 e hiki mai ana.
ʻO nā anuhe o ka hanauna hou e iho i lalo i ke kumu o ka mea kanu a pīpī me kahi pae kūikawā. Ma ka pae chrysalis, palupalu loa ka aurora. Loaʻa ka pupa i loaʻa i ke ʻano o ka cone ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Ma hope iho, pouli a lilo i aneane ʻeleʻele. I kēia ʻano, hui pono ʻia me nā mea kanu maloʻo, ʻano like me kahi kākalaioa a mae paha. E like me, ke kakali nei ke aurora i ke anuanu anuanu. Inā ʻino a haki paha ke kumu o ka mea kanu i pili i ka pupa, e make nō ia. Ma kahi o 10 mau mahina ma hope o ke hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ka pupa, ʻike ʻia kahi imago.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o ka butterfly wanaʻao
Kiʻi: Lā Pupu
I nā kūlana kūlohelohe, nui nā ʻenemi o nā butterflies. Hikiwaliwali loa lākou i kēlā me kēia manawa o kā lākou ulu ʻana, me ka butterfly makua. Pili kēia i ka pilikia o ka hopu ʻana o nā mea konohiki i kahi kolo e lele ana.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe nui o ka butterfly wanaʻao:
- manu ʻO lākou ka ʻenemi nui a weliweli hoʻi o ka wanaʻao nui. Ma ka pae anuhe, he mea kūikawā lākou a me nā kumu meaʻai nui no nā manu. Ua helu nā Zoologists ʻo ia nā ʻano manu like ʻole e luku i ka 25% o nā butterflies i ke kahua o nā hua a i ʻole nā ʻūlū;
- punawelewele. Hoʻoweliweli nui lākou i nā mea kolo. I ka manawa like, ʻoi aku ka weliweli o nā spider e hopu i nā kolo ma o kā lākou ʻupena ma mua o nā spider predatory;
- pule lole;
- lele;
- ʻūpā ahi;
- nā holo kaʻa.
He mea nui ke kanaka i ke kūlana o nā laha a me ka helu o nā mea o ka Aurora. ʻOiai ʻo ka manaʻo maoli ʻole o ke kanaka e lawe i nā ana e hakakā ai i nā ʻino, hōʻino ia i ko lākou wahi maoli. Hoʻololi nā hoʻololi i ke kūlana kaiaola, ka hopena o ka haumia i ka helu o nā kolo.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Dawn butterfly i ke kūlohelohe
I kēia lā, hoʻomau ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka ornithologists i nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ola o ka Aurora butterfly. Ua noho kekahi mau manawa i mea pohihihi ʻole. Ma kēia mea, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokūpaʻa i ka helu kikoʻī o kēia mau mea kolo. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo Aurora he lālani ʻaneʻane pau wale ia i kekahi mau wahi o Lūkia a me ka hapa nui o nā panalāʻau o Ukraine. Ua helu ʻia ʻo Zorka core ma ka Red Book o Ukraine a me ka moku ʻo Moscow o ka Russian Federation.
Pili kēia kūlana i ka haumia o ke kaiapuni a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ke kanaka i kahi hapa hoʻonui o ka ʻāina, a laila e make ai a e luku ʻia ai nā mea kolo. Kūpilikiʻi ke kūlana i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka pōʻaiapuni ola o kahi butterfly mau ma kahi o hoʻokahi makahiki, a i loko o kēia wā hānau nā lūlū i kekahi mau keiki i hoʻokahi manawa wale nō. Ke noʻonoʻo nei i kēlā me kēia manawa o kāna pōʻaiapuni ola, palupalu loa kahi butterfly, luku ʻia kahi ʻāpana nui o nā ʻenemi e nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe a hiki i ko lākou lilo ʻana i kanaka makua, oʻo makua.
Ma waho aʻe o nā kumu āpau ma luna, ua hoʻohuli ʻia ka heluna kanaka e ka fungi, nā bacteria pathogenic a me nā mea hoʻomaʻi. ʻO kēia mau mea āpau e alakaʻi i ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka helu o nā moth wanaʻao.
Kahu kiaʻi Dawn
Kiʻi: Lā Pepeiao mai ka puke ʻula
Ua helu ʻia ʻo Zorka core i loko o ka Buke Ulaula o nā ʻāina he nui, e pili ana i kekahi mau wahi o ka Russian Federation. I kēia lā, ʻaʻohe papahana kūikawā e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui o nā laha.
I kēlā mau ʻāpana kahi haʻahaʻa o ka helu o Aurora, pāpā ʻia ʻaʻole e kuni i ka mauʻu a me nā mea kanu maloʻo, ʻoiai nā pupae, paʻa ʻia i nā kumu maloʻo, make i nā helu he nui. Eia kekahi ma nā panalāʻau o Rūsia a me Ukraine, a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe me kahi aniau maikaʻi no ke ao, mālama ʻia ia i nā panalāʻau o nā mālama a me nā wahi pale.
Ma nā panalāʻau o kēlā mau kula, nā māla a me nā steppe, ua ʻāpono ʻia ka ʻoki ʻana i ka mosaic o nā mea kanu. Ma nā panalāʻau o ka ʻāina mahiʻai, nā kula a me nā māla, ua ʻōlelo ʻia e kaupalena ʻia ka nui o nā insecticides kemika i hoʻohana ʻia, a hiki i ka make ʻana o ka nui o nā mea kolo. Paipai pū nā Ornithologists i ka lūlū ʻana i nā mauʻu a me nā lau nahele i nā wahi manuahi mai ka ʻāina mahiʻai.
ʻO kēia mau ana maʻalahi e kōkua ai e mālama i ka emi mau ʻana o ka nani o ka nāhelehele. ʻO ka butterfly aurora kahi ʻāpana hoʻohui o flora a me nā holoholona. ʻAʻole he mea kupanaha i ka wā kahiko ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ke ʻano o ka maʻemaʻe, ka mālam a me ka maikaʻi.I kēia lā hiki i kēia butterfly nani ʻano laha ʻole ke nalo loa i nā ʻāina a me nā wahi he nui. ʻO ka hana a ke kanaka e pale aku i kēia hanana.
Ka lā paʻi: 03.06.2019
Lā hou: 20.09.2019 ma 22:14
