ʻO Barracuda kahi genus āpau, nona nā ʻano 29. ʻAno like lākou āpau a he poʻe ʻaihue. Kapa ʻia lākou i kekahi manawa he tigiger kai no ko lākou wikiwiki a me ko lākou ikaika. Maoli, iʻa barruda me kona mau niho ʻoi i nā lālani ʻelua - kahi hekili o ke kai, hoʻoweliweli i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, a me nā mea nui pū kekahi. Hiki iā ia ke hōʻeha nui i nā manō, nā mea hoʻonāwaliwali iā lākou mai ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Iʻa Barracuda
Hoʻopili pū ʻia ʻo Barracudas me nā hanauna ʻē aʻe he nui - no laila, ua like ka hele mua ʻana o kā lākou loiloi mua. ʻO nā koena fossil mua o nā iʻa i hoʻopau ʻia i ka lā i hoʻi ʻia i ka Middle Devonian - ma kahi o 390 miliona mau makahiki i hala. Ma hope o 50 miliona mau makahiki, ua hoʻolaha lākou ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, a laila ua puka mai nā subclass - me nā newflies, i hoʻopili pū ʻia me ka barracuda. I loko nō o ka wā Triassic, ua kupu mai kahi mau iʻa iwi o lākou - no kēia ka hapa nui o nā iʻa i ola a hiki i kēia lā, e like me barracuda, no lākou.
I ke kaʻina o ka ulu hou ʻana, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka mackerel detachment, kahi e pili ana me ka ʻohana barracuda, a me kahi ʻano o barracuda. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole ʻimi ʻimi kūpono ʻia ke ʻano o ka hoʻomohala a me ke kaʻina manawa. ʻIke ʻia kekahi mau ʻano make o barracuda, akā, e like me ka ʻepekema, ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou i kūleʻa a hiki i kēia lā.
Video: Iʻa Barracuda
ʻO ka inoa ma ka Lākina ʻo Sphyraena, ka genus i loaʻa pū me kahi wehewehe ʻepekema i hana ʻia i ka makahiki 1778 e ka botanist Kelemania ʻo Jacob Klein. I nā makahiki e hiki mai ana, ua wehewehe ʻia nā ʻano nui a nui aʻe, e laʻa me Sphyraena barracuda i ka makahiki 1781, Sphyraena jello i ka makahiki 1829 - a pēlā aku. Ua wehewehe ʻia nā ʻano ʻelua hope loa: i ka 2005 a me ka 2015.
Aia he 29 o lākou i kēia manawa, akā hiki nō paha ke koe kekahi ʻano a i ʻole kekahi, ke kakali wale nei no ka hāʻawi ʻia ʻana iā lākou i ka wehewehe ʻepekema. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, nui loa ka ʻohana, a paʻakikī e hoʻokaʻawale i kekahi mau lunamakaʻāinana, ʻoiai, noho lākou, me nā kihi aʻo liʻiliʻi o ka honua.
Kekahi ʻano o kēia mau lā:
- nui barracuda - maʻamau ka lōʻihi o kēia iʻa he 70-90 kenimika, a ʻo ke kaupaona he 3-8 kg. I kekahi mau hihia, hiki ke ulu nui aʻe a kaupaona a 50 kg. ʻIke nui ia ia ma ke Kai Caribbean;
- guancho - haʻahaʻa i ka mea i hala i ka lōʻihi a ʻoi aku ka slimmer, a no laila ke kaupaona ʻia ana (ʻoi aku ka nui ma waena o 1-1.5 kg). Kū i waho i ka hiki ʻole o ka meaʻai i ka lāʻau make - no laila hopu ʻia ia a ʻai ʻia i loko o ka palai a puhi ʻia;
- kālā barracuda - kona lōʻihi ʻo 1.1-1.5 mika, a me kona kaupaona ʻo 5-10 kg. ʻIke ʻia ia ma ke kapakai komohana o ʻAmelika, maʻamau i nā pūʻulu liʻiliʻi.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: ʻO ka huaʻōlelo "barracuda" i manaʻo ʻia no loko mai o ka Spanish barraco, ʻo ia hoʻi nā niho kīnā ʻole. Hāʻawi ʻia e nā Paniolo ma hope o ko lākou hui mua ʻana i kēia iʻa, a hōʻea ana i ka Caribbean.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Iʻa Barracuda i ke Kaiʻula
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona nui loa o ka barracuda ka iwi alo o lalo e hāʻawi ana iā lākou i kahi ʻano hakakā. I kēia mea he ʻano like ko lākou me nā pikes, ʻoiai ke ʻano mamao loa lākou. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā niho o ka waha o ka barracuda i nā lālani ʻelua: liʻiliʻi ma waho, a ʻoi aku ka nui ma hope o lākou. Elongated a lahilahi ke kino - pono kēia kinona e hoʻomaʻalahi i ke ʻoki ʻana i ke kahawai. Kū pololei ka laina ʻaoʻao ma luna o laila. Hoʻolahalaha ākea ʻia nā fins dorsal a ʻike ʻokoʻa ʻia kekahi i kekahi.
Ma muli o kāna fin tail ikaika, hoʻomohala ka barracuda i kahi wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe - hiki iā ia ke ʻoi aku i 40 km / h ke hana ka iʻa i kahi pīni i ka wā e ʻimi holoholona ana. ʻO ka hopena, ʻo barracuda kekahi o nā iʻa wikiwiki loa, no laila paʻakikī loa e hūnā mai iā ia. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hoihoi: me ke kōkua o kahi ʻauʻau ʻauʻau, ʻaʻole hiki i ka barracuda ke hoʻoponopono wale i ka hohonu o ka luʻu ʻana, akā, inā pono, e ʻau i nā wahi ākea loa, e like me nā kahawai ma waena o nā pōhaku - no kēia mea e pono ai ka deflate i ka huʻa. ʻO kahi manawa kūpono i ka wā o ka hahai holoholona.
Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ke kala o ka ʻaoʻao i luna i ka laha: mai keʻokeʻo a i ka ʻeleʻele, me nā waihoʻoluʻu e like me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Akā keʻokeʻo mau ka ʻōpū a silvery nā ʻaoʻao e pili ana. ʻO ka nui a me ke kaumaha e pili ana i nā ʻano i pili i ka barracuda, a hiki ke loli iki - akā naʻe, aneane hiki i nā lālā āpau ke hāʻawi ʻia i nā iʻa nui.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻO nā mea hoʻopaʻa hoʻopaʻa i waena o lākou ka barracuda Guinean (afra) - hiki iā lākou ke ulu a 210 kenimika, a hiki i ko lākou kaumaha i 60 kilokilo. A ʻo nā mea ʻEulopa hoʻi ka mea liʻiliʻi o nā mea āpau, ulu a 50-60 kenimika, a kaupaona ʻia 4-6 kilokilo (a i kekahi mau manawa ua nui nā manawa he nui aku).
Ma hea e noho ai ka iʻa barracuda?
Kiʻi: barracuda iʻa wai paʻakai
Noho kēia iʻa i loko o ka wai mehana o nā subtropics a me nā tropic, i loko o ʻekolu moana - ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa ma ka Arctic wale nō. Mālama ʻo ia kokoke i ka papa, ʻaʻole ʻauʻau i kahi hohonu, ʻoiai hiki ke noho i ke kai ākea a i waho o ke kahakai, i ka wai pāpaʻu.
Noho ka hapa nui o nā ʻano nui i ke kai ākea, akā makemake nā mea liʻiliʻi i ka wai mālie a me ka lepo. Aloha lākou i nā wahi me nā hale he nui: nā pōhaku, nā ʻaʻa, nā mānoanoa, no ka mea hiki iā ʻoe ke peʻe i loko o lākou ke ʻimi holoholona. No laila, ʻike pinepine ʻia lākou i nā lae pāpaʻu, me ka mea pio.
Hiki ke loaʻa nā ʻano 8 ma ke Kaiʻula. Kūleʻa lākou i ke kai Mediterranean, akā ʻaʻole ākea, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kā lākou laha i kēia kai - 4 wale nō, a holo ka hapa o lākou mai ke Kaiʻula ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kamaʻilio.
Eia kekahi, aloha kēia iʻa i ke kai Caribbean, no ka mea he nui nā mea ola a me ka heleleʻi ʻana o nā mokupuni i loko ona, ʻo ia hoʻi he nui nā wai papau ʻoʻoleʻa kokoke, a he paradaiso maoli kēia no barracuda. ʻIke ʻia lākou ma ke kahakai Lūkia ma ke kai o Iapana.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: Ua hāʻawi ʻo Evolution i ka barracuda i nā mea āpau āpau e pono ai i kahi mea huli maikaʻi. ʻO kēia nā niho ʻoi loa e hou loa i ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia, a ʻike maikaʻi loa, e ʻae iā ia e ʻike ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā kamaʻāina ʻē aʻe o ke kai i ka wā maikaʻi ʻole, kahi waha e pani i ka mea o nā milliseconds, a ulu ka wikiwiki.
ʻO ka wikiwiki ka mea hoihoi loa: hiki i ka barracuda ke hōʻea i 50 km / h a, me ka hoʻohui i nā peʻa ikaika a me kahi kino i hoʻololi ʻia e ʻokiʻoki i ka wai, loaʻa kēia i ka mucus kūikawā e hana ai, kahi e hoʻēmi ai i ke kūpaʻa o ka wai - hoʻopuni i ke kino o ka barracuda, hiki iā ia ke lanakila ma kahi o ʻelua mau manawa maʻalahi.
He aha ka ʻai a ka iʻa barracuda?
Kiʻi: Iʻa Barracuda
ʻO ka papa kuhikuhi o kēia predator me:
- nā iʻa liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe e like me ke tuna a i ʻole sardine;
- heʻe;
- crustaceans;
- ʻenuhe koko;
- kaviavi.
He iʻa manuahi loa kēia, a i kēlā me kēia lā pono i kahi mau kilogram o ka meaʻai, no ka mea, he hana nui ia i ka huli holoholona. Hiki iā Barracuda ke ʻimi hoʻokahi, e kali ana no ka mea hoʻohālua, hūnā i nā pōhaku a i ʻole nā ulu lāʻau, a i kahi hui. I ka lua o ka hihia, hoʻouka lākou i nā shoals a, i ka hoʻouka ʻana mai nā ʻaoʻao a pau, hana i kahi weliweli kahi e hāʻule ai kekahi iʻa i loko o nā niho o ka poʻe ʻimi. ʻO ka ʻimi iʻa liʻiliʻi ʻoi i nā kula, ʻo ka mea nui ʻoi aku ka makemake e huli mehameha. Hiki iā lākou ke alualu i ka mea i hōʻino ʻia no ka manawa lōʻihi.
ʻAʻole ʻo Barracuda a me ko lākou mau makaʻāinana liʻiliʻi e hōʻalo i ka nānā - ka mea mua, nā mea ulu wale nō. Hiki i ka predator ke hopu a ʻai iā lākou pū kekahi, inā lilo ko lākou makaʻala, a no laila e makaʻala pinepine kahi barracuda alualu kiaʻi iʻole e hoʻouka ʻia e kekahi. A aia kahi makaʻu i ka ʻohana: inā ʻeha kahi barracuda i ka wā e ʻimi holoholona a nāwaliwali hoʻi, hiki i nā hoa ʻohana ke haehae iā ia a ʻai ia. E pili ana i ka lawlust a me ka ruthlessness, hoʻohālikelike ʻia lākou i ka manō, a ʻaʻohe o lākou kūlana kūlana weliweli wale nō ma muli o kā lākou liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi.
Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻouka i nā iʻa ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o lākou iho - i kēia hihia, hoʻouka lākou i kahi ʻohana a nahu hoʻomāinoino i ka mea pio a hiki i kona make ʻana. ʻO ka pinepine, nā iʻa nunui i ʻeha a nāwaliwali hoʻi e hoʻouka ʻia.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Iʻa Barracuda i ka Moana Pākīpika
ʻO ka hapa nui o ka manawa, lana wale ka barracuda a i ʻole hoʻohālua i ka hoʻohālua, e kali nei no ka mea pio. Hiki iā ia ke hana ʻelua ma ke ao a me ka pō - ʻaʻole ia i ka manawa o ke ao, akā i ke anilā. I ka wā maikaʻi ʻole, ke hopohopo ke kai, ʻoi aku ka ikaika, ulu ka ʻai. Inā ikaika ka ʻino, hele i loko o ka wai pāpaʻu a peʻe mai ka nalu i nā mea kanu. I ke kai mālie, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hopu holoholona, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka mea i hōʻino ʻia e ʻike mua iā ia. No laila, ke mōakāka ka lā a mālie ke kai, makemake ka barracuda e hoʻomaha, a hele i ka hopu holoholona inā hoʻolōʻihi ʻia kēia wā, a hoʻomaka ʻo ia e pololi.
No nā kānaka, ʻaʻole pilikia kēia mau iʻa - ʻoiai paha he ʻano hoʻoweliweli kā lākou ʻohana, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka iʻa nui me ke kanaka, ʻaʻole alualu lākou i ka poʻe. ʻOiaʻiʻo, i kekahi manawa kū mai ka hoʻouka: ʻo ke kumu he wai lepo paha ia, no laila e huikau ai ka barracuda i kahi kanaka me nā kamaʻāina ʻē aʻe o ke kai.
Hiki iā ia ke hoʻouka i ke kanaka inā ʻo ia ka mea e hana kolohe: kipaku ʻo ia iā ia i kahi kihi a ʻeha iā ia. I ia mau hihia, nahu ia no ka pale, a kaupalena ʻia i hoʻokahi nahu - inā hiki ke pakele, a laila pakele ia. ʻO nā ʻeha i waiho ʻia e kēia iʻa he mea weliweli loa ia ma muli o nā niho ʻoiʻoi - haʻalele lākou i nā lacerations a hōʻino i nā kīʻaha koko.
I ka manawa like, inā ʻaʻole hōʻike kahi kanaka i ka huhū a ʻike maikaʻi ka barracuda iā ia, hiki iā ia ke hemo palekana mai kahi mamao loa, ʻo ia iho e hoʻokokoke i ka poʻe a nānā iā lākou me ka hoihoi. Akā pili ka hana i ka laha - e laʻa me ka makaʻu o ka barracuda huelo melemele.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Malek iʻa barracuda
Mālama ʻia nā barracudas i loko o nā pūʻolo, akā ʻaʻohe o lākou hierarchy a me nā hanana kaiāulu paʻakikī, a he mea nui kēia no ka ʻimi holoholona pū. Noho hoʻokahi ka iʻa nui. Akā ʻo ka iʻa hoʻokahi e ʻākoakoa i nā kula no ka hānau hou. ʻAʻole ia e hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ke ʻano o ka makahiki e kū ai a he aha ia e lilo ai i prerequisite no ka hoʻomaka o kēia manawa.
Ma waho ka hānai, hiki i nā hua mai 5,000 i nā wahine ʻōpio a i ka 300,000 i nā mea nui a makua hoʻi. Ma hope o ka momona, ʻaʻole hoihoi hou nā mākua i ka hopena o nā hua, hele lākou i kahi lana manuahi. I ka wā mua, noho ka ʻai i kokoke i ke kapakai, a hoʻomaka koke lākou e alualu, he ʻuʻuku ka nui.
I ka mua, noho lākou i ka wai papau, akā e ulu nei a 8-10 kenimika, neʻe loa lākou. I ko lākou ulu ʻana, neʻe aku lākou i kahi mamao a mamao loa mai ke kapakai, a ma hope o ka hiki ʻana i ka hapalua mika i ka nui hiki iā lākou ke ʻau i ke kai ākea a lilo i poʻe ʻaihue kūpilikiʻi. Noho ʻo Barracuda i ka huina no 8-14 mau makahiki.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Mai nā huakaʻi mua loa a ka poʻe ʻEulopa i ka Honua Hou, ua kaulana ka barracuda mai iā lākou. Ua wehewehe ʻo Lord de Rochefort ma 1665 iā ia ma ke ʻano he monster weliweli loa o ke kai, e holo kolohe nei i ka poʻe i loko o ka wai a makemake e ʻahaʻaina i ka ʻiʻo kanaka.
ʻO kēia manaʻo o ka barracuda, ka mea i kū mua ma muli o kona ʻano nui, a kākoʻo ʻia e kēlā me kēia hihia o ka hōʻeha i nā poʻe, aia a hiki i ka 20 kenekulia. I kekahi ʻano, he ʻoiaʻiʻo ia, akā naʻe, ʻo nā moʻolelo e pili ana i kona huhū maikaʻi ʻole a me nā hoʻouka kūikawā ʻana i ka poʻe he mea hoʻonui nui ia.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o ka iʻa barracuda
Kiʻi: Iʻa Barracuda
ʻAʻohe kūʻē o Barracuda i ke kūlohelohe e ʻimi ʻimi iā lākou - ʻaʻole i loaʻa i loko o nā ʻōpū o nā manō a me nā kohola kohola, no laila ke manaʻo nei nā kānaka noiʻi ʻaʻole i hoʻokomo ʻia nā barracudas i kā lākou papaʻai. Loaʻa paha kēia ma muli o ka wikiwiki o lākou a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hopu ʻana ma mua o nā iʻa ʻē aʻe. ʻOi aku ka makaʻu o ka caviar a me nā iʻa ʻōpio - nui ka poʻe e makemake e ʻai iā lākou i loko o ke kai, a ʻo kahi hopena o kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka hānau hānau barracudas e ola ana a hiki i ke oʻo ʻana. Hiki i ka hapa nui o nā mea ʻino kai ke ʻahaʻaina ma nā kīʻaha ʻelua o ka caviar a me ka barracuda.
Akā hoʻopau koke ka hope i ka pale ʻole: i ka makahiki o kekahi mau pule ua hiki iā lākou ke pale iā lākou iho i kekahi iʻa ʻaihue. I kēlā ʻano kūlana, koe wale nā mea ʻino nui i mea hoʻoweliweli iā lākou, a ke ulu lākou, hiki i kahi helu liʻiliʻi o lākou ke hoʻoweliweli i kahi barracuda ʻōpio. Ke lilo ʻo ia i makua, a laila aia ʻelua mau pōʻino wale nō - kahi kanaka a me nā barracudas ʻē aʻe. Hōʻike ka hope i ka huhū inā ʻike lākou i nā iʻa ʻeha, i hiki ke lilo i mea pio maʻalahi, i nā hihia ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole lākou i komo i ka hakakā inā ʻoi aku ka nui.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: ʻo ka hoʻoholo e hoʻouka i kahi barracuda pono e hana ʻia i nā hapa haneli o kekona, a ma kēia mea e hilinaʻi nei i ka maka, a no laila hiki i nā mea aniani ke hoʻonāukiuki i kāna hoʻouka kaua. Inā ʻoe e hoʻoneʻe iā lākou āpau ma mua o ke komo ʻana i ka wai, ʻaʻole paha ia e hōʻike i ka huhū.
Hiki ke hōʻalo loa i ka pilikia inā maopopo ka wai - ʻike maopopo aia aia kekahi kanaka i mua o lākou, ʻaʻole ʻimi nā barracudas e hoʻouka iā ia, a pinepine ʻole i ka manawa like e hōʻike ʻole i ka makaʻu, e ʻae iā lākou e nānā ma kahi kokoke. Hiki i kahi barracuda ala wale ke hōʻike i ka inaina - a hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: barracuda iʻa wai paʻakai
ʻAʻohe mea hoʻoweliweli i ka helu o nā barracudas - hiki i kēia mau mea ʻaihue ikaika ke mālama iā lākou iho, a ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou ʻaʻole he mea lawaiʻa ʻeleu. Noho ʻo Barracudas i kahi kūlana kūpono loa: i ko lākou wahi noho, aia lākou i waena o nā mea nui o ka nui ma muli o ko lākou nui a me ko lākou ikaika, akā i ka manawa like ʻaʻole nui lākou a liʻiliʻi.
Ma hope o nā mea āpau, koi ka mea nui nui i nā panalāʻau nui a me nā meaʻai he nui, ʻo ka hopena he kakaikahi wale nō o lākou, me nā barracudas ʻaʻohe mea e like me kēia: ma nā kai o kahi wahi liʻiliʻi, hiki i ka hapa nui o lākou ke noho. ʻAʻole hiki ke helu pono i ka heluna kanaka o ka barracuda a me kāna ʻano ponoʻī, akā i kēlā me kēia hihia, ʻaʻohe ʻano hoʻokahi i helu ʻia i waena o nā mea ʻaneʻane make - hoʻonui pinepine ʻia kēia iʻa me ka maikaʻi, a he mau miliona mau barracudas paha e ʻau ma ka ākea o ka moana o ka honua.
Mea hoihoi: ʻo kekahi ʻano o ka barracuda i makemake ʻole ʻia e ʻai no ka mea ʻona ka akepaʻa a me ka caviar. Pili kēia i kēlā mau lāhui e ʻai nā lunamakaʻāinana i nā puffers ʻawahia i nā kānaka a hōʻiliʻili i nā ciguatoxins. Ma muli o ka lāʻau make me lākou, hiki ke loaʻa i ka colic, nausea a me ka luaʻi, i kekahi mau manawa hiki ke make.
Akā nā ʻano barracuda ʻē aʻe e ʻai, a palupalu a ʻono hoʻi kā lākou ʻiʻo, no laila he wahi nui lākou i nā meaʻai o nā lāhui he nui o ka honua e noho nei ma kahakai. Aia nā ʻano kīʻaha like ʻole me ka barracuda e hoʻāʻo maoli ai ʻoe: maikaʻi ke kālua ʻia a me ka ʻai, me nā ʻalalā, i loko o ka mea ʻono momona me ka pasta.
Pono nā mākaʻi kai kūpilikiʻi, barracudas i kahi akahele - inā ʻike ʻia ʻike ʻia lākou i nā wahi ʻauʻau, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka wehewehe ʻana i ka ikaika o kēia ʻano a nānā i nā koi palekana. Akā ʻaʻole lākou e hōʻike i ka inaina kolohe i nā kānaka, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia e pili ana i nā kamaʻāina ʻē aʻe o ke kai, ka mea e ʻehaʻeha pinepine iā lākou. Iʻa Barracuda - kahi predator maikaʻi loa a hoihoi i nā mea āpau, me ka ʻole o ka ʻē aʻe.
Ka lā paʻi: 05/26/2019
Lā hou: 20.09.2019 ma 20:59
