ʻPlihi lāʻau i ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ka lālā maʻamau o ka ʻohana ulu lāʻau. Noho ia i ka hapa nui o nā lau nahele deciduous, huikau i nā ʻāina like ʻole me nā anilā mehana. Noise no, manu kūpulu kēia. ʻAʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻole iā lākou ma muli o ka plumage ʻōlinolino, ka pāpale ʻulaʻula ʻano.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Kahulāʻau i ʻike ʻia
ʻO ka peʻahi sphere i ʻike ʻia kekahi o nā lunamaka kūikawā o ka ʻohana ulu lāʻau. ʻO kēia manu me kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona e noho nui i nā lau nahele. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ululāʻau kahi nohona noho. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i nā poʻe e noho ana ma ka akau ākau ke neʻe i nā wahi kokoke. ʻO nā manu o Nomads ʻaʻole i hana ʻia e nā hau hau koʻikoʻi wale nō, akā me nā kūlana hānai maikaʻi ʻole.
ʻImi hoihoi: ʻO ka ʻohana mea ulu lāʻau i kēia lā ma kahi o ʻelua haneli me iwakālua mau ʻano ʻokoʻa. ʻO ka nui o nā manu mai ka ʻumikūmālima a kanalimakūmākolu kenimika. ʻO nā ululāʻau i ʻike ʻia kekahi o nā lāhui nui loa.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka ululāʻau i ʻike ʻia e ka pāpale ʻulaʻula i kapa ʻia, aia ma ka ʻaoʻao parietal o ke poʻo. Hoʻokomo ʻia kēia ʻano mai nā lāhui he ʻumikūmāhā a i ka iwakāluakūmāono. ʻAʻole aʻo ʻia ka ʻauhau ʻauhau ʻāpana o nā moa, no laila ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoholo i ka helu kikoʻī o nā ʻāpana. Ma waena o nā ʻāpana kaulana loa o nā ululāʻau i ʻike ʻia, aia kekahi: ʻēheu nui, umauma melemele, ʻeleʻele poʻo, Malaysian, ʻAlapia, waena a me nā mea ulu lāʻau i ʻike ʻia.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: He holoholona walaʻau ʻo Woodpeckers. Hiki iā lākou ke paʻi i kahi kumulāʻau i kahi wikiwiki phenomenal - 20-25 mau manawa i kekona. ʻO kēia ka lua o ka wikiwiki o nā pū mīkini.
ʻO nā ululāʻau i ʻike ʻia, e like me nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana ulu lāʻau, he mea nui i ka kaolaola o ka nahele. Hoʻolei lākou i nā ululāʻau o nā mea make, kōkua i nā manu liʻiliʻi e loaʻa nā pūnana. Hoʻopuka nā mea ʻalā i ka ʻili mānoanoa o ka lāʻau, e waiho ana i nā lua no nā nū, nā mea lele.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Manu ʻāhiu i ʻike ʻia
ʻAno waena nā Woodpeckers o kēia ʻano i ka liʻiliʻi. I ka nui, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohālikelike i kahi thrush maʻamau. ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke kino ma mua o iwakāluakūmāhiku kenimika. ʻO ka ʻēheu, ma ka awelika, kanahākumamālima mau kenimika. ʻO ke kaumaha o ka holoholona mai ka kanaono a i ka haneli karamu.
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona kūwaho nui loa o ka ʻūlū kāna kala alohilohi. ʻO ke kala o ka hulu e hoʻomalu ʻia e nā leo ʻeleʻele, keʻokeʻo. Hāʻawi ʻia ke ʻano waihoʻoluʻu o ka holoholona e kahi pāpale ʻulaʻula ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma ke poʻo a me kahi ʻulaʻula (i kekahi mau mea kōkua - pink) undertail. Uliuli iki ke kua a me ke koena o ke poʻo. ʻO ka lalo o ke kino keʻokeʻo maʻamau, i kekahi manawa me kahi aniani ʻeleʻele. Ma ka laulaha, pili ke kala i ka wahi o ka noho.
Video: ʻO Woodpecker ʻike ʻia
ʻO ka mea hihi spunk, e like me nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana, he mau wāwae zygodactyl. ʻEkolu ona manamana e kuhikuhi ana i mua, hoʻokahi i hope. ʻO kēlā ʻano o nā paws e ʻae i ka holoholona e maʻalahi, paʻa pono i nā kumu lāʻau, e paʻa paʻa ma laila i kahi kū i luna. He mea nui nō hoʻi nā hulu paʻakikī i kēia hana. Kōkua pū lākou i ka paʻa i ke kumu ke neʻe i luna.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ia mau manu kahi lōʻihi, a i kekahi manawa he prickly, alelo. I ka poʻe mākua, hiki ke piʻi i ʻumi kenimika ka lōʻihi. Me ke kōkua o kēlā ʻano alelo, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka loaʻa ʻana i nā nalo, nā kolo mai ka ʻili lāʻau.
ʻO nā manu o kēia ʻano he ʻēheu ikaika a nui. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻohana pinepine iā lākou. Hoʻohana wale ʻia nā ʻeheu e lele mai kahi lāʻau a kekahi lāʻau. ʻO ke koena o ka manawa, makemake ka poʻe ʻalā e piʻi i ka pahu i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o nā manu ko lākou leo. I nā kahakaha lāʻau i ʻike ʻia, pōkole ke mele, hoʻomanaʻo ʻole i kahi ʻōwili pahu mau. E uē nui paha i ka wā weliweli.
Ma hea e noho ai ka ʻeneki nānā kiko?
Kiʻi: Woodpecker Kino Maʻalahi
Kūleʻa ka ʻeneki nānā i nā ʻāina like ʻole. Noho ʻo ia ma ʻApelika, Morocco, nā Mokupuni Canary, ʻEulopa. Ma ka ʻāina ʻo ʻEulopa, noho ʻo ia kokoke i nā wahi āpau. ʻO nā ʻokoʻa kahi mau wahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, ʻIlani, ʻĀkau ʻo Skandinavia. Eia kekahi, hiki ke loaʻa kēia manu ma Asia Minor, Sisilia, Sardinia, ka Caucasus, Transcaucasia.
Noho nui nā Woodpeckers ma Scandinavia a me Pinilana. Ma laila lākou e ʻike ʻia ai ma nā wahi me nā lau nahele lau. Hōʻike ākea ʻia kēia ʻano i Ukraine. Loaʻa nā lehulehu he nui ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka mokuʻāina a hiki i ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Dnipro. ʻAʻole e launa me nā manu wale nō i nā kaʻe steppe o Ukraine. Noho nā ululāʻau nunui i nā wahi āpau o Rūsia, loaʻa lākou i ka mauna Crimea, Mongolia, ma ke komohana o Kina.
ʻAʻohe o nā koi koʻikoʻi nā lāʻau nāhele lāʻau no kā lākou wahi noho. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopili i kekahi biotype. ʻO ka mea nui wale iā lākou ka noho ʻana o nā kumulāʻau. Noho lākou i ka taiga ʻākau, ma nā mokupuni ulu lāʻau liʻiliʻi, i nā māla a me nā pāka. ʻAʻole makaʻu kēia mau manu i ke kaiāulu me ka poʻe, no laila kūkulu lākou i ko lākou pūnana ma nā paka o nā kūlanakauhale nui.
ʻOiai kekahi plasticity e pili ana i nā biotypes, ʻaʻole paha e māhele like ʻia ka nui o nā manu. Makemake pinepine lākou i nā ʻano ulu lāʻau. ʻO ka poʻe e noho ana maʻAfelika e koho pinepine i nā kedera, poplar, nā ululāʻau ʻoliva no ke ola. I Lūkia, noho mau ka holoholona i nā ululāʻau deciduous. I Polani - ma ka lāʻau ʻoka-hihi, nā ulu lāʻau lehu.
He aha ka ʻai a ka ʻeneki nānā?
Kiʻi: Kahulāʻau i ʻike ʻia
ʻO ka papaʻai o nā lāʻau i ʻike ʻia ma luna o nā kumu ʻelua:
- Kau o ka makahiki;
- ʻĀina noho.
I ke kau mahana - mai ka hoʻomaka o ka puna a hiki i ka hopena o ke kauwela, kiʻi nā manu i nā meaʻai na lākou, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma nā kumu o nā kumu lāʻau like ʻole, ma ka honua. Nānā pono lākou i kēlā me kēia lāʻau. Hoʻomaka ka nānā ʻana mai lalo o ka barela. Piʻi lākou i ka kumulāʻau i kahi ala, ʻaʻole e nalo i hoʻokahi kenimika o ka ʻili. I ka wā o ka nānā ʻana, hoʻohana nui ka manu i kāna alelo lōʻihi, e hoʻolana iā ia i nā māwae. Inā ʻike ka elelo i ka meaʻai, a laila hoʻokomo ʻia ka nuku ikaika i ka hana. Uhaʻi ʻo ia i ka ʻili mai kahi a ka holoholona e hiki maʻalahi ai i kāna mea pio.
I ke kauwela a me ke kauwela, ʻo ka papaʻai pū kekahi:
- Nā nalo like ʻole: nā nalo gula, nā ʻiʻo ʻili, nā nūnū barbel, nā nalo honua, nā nalo lau;
- Imago o nā pepepe;
- Aphids;
- ʻEnuhe;
- ʻAno;
- ʻO Crustaceans;
- ʻFishhuhu.
Hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i nā gooseberry, currants, plums, raspberries, cherry. I kēia hihia, hemo mua nā holoholona mai nā hua. ʻO nā hua ka meaʻai punahele a nā manu e noho ana i ka panalāʻau o ʻEulopa. Ma laila, hana pinepine kēia mau holoholona i nā ala nui i nā māla. I kekahi manawa ʻahaʻaina nā mea ʻalā ma ke kohu lāʻau.
Mea leʻaleʻa: ʻO ke ala nui e kiʻi i ka meaʻai ʻo chiselling. He ikaika loa ke kaʻina hana, traumatic, akā ʻaʻole na ka lāʻau ʻāpā iā ia iho. ʻO kona lolo, me he mea lā, kau ʻia i loko o ka iwi poʻo o nā kaula, i hoʻopuni ʻia e ka wai. Palupalu kēia mau mea āpau i nā hahau.
I ka hoʻoilo, lilo i mea paʻakikī no nā holoholona ke kiʻi i kā lākou meaʻai i ka nāhelehele. No kēia kumu, neʻe ka hapa nui o kēlā me kēia kanaka i nā kānaka. Ma laila lākou e ʻike ai i ka meaʻai na lākou i nā mea hānai kūikawā a i loko o nā ʻōpala hoʻi. I ke kau anuanu, ʻaʻole hoʻowahāwahā nā lāʻau ʻāhiu i kā lākou mau ʻōpala; hoʻouka pinepine lākou i nā pūnana o nā manu mele liʻiliʻi, ʻai i kā lākou mau hua manu a i ʻole nā moa hou. I ka hoʻoilo hoʻi, hoʻohui ʻia nā meaʻai mea kanu like ʻole i ka papa moa. ʻAi lākou i nā hua o ka lāʻau ʻoka, beech, hornbeam, nut, acorn, a me nā ʻalemona.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Kahua lāʻau nānā i ke ʻano
Hoʻolilo nā ululāʻau ʻike i ko lākou ola āpau i nā ululāʻau. Noho lākou i nā ululāʻau o nā ʻano mele, nā kūlana, nā makahiki. Kūkulu nā lua i nā kumulāʻau palupalu. ʻO ka aspen, alder, birch. Hana ke kāne i ka hana o ka hollow. Kākaʻikahi wale, hiki i nā manu ke noho i nā hollows i haʻalele ʻia e nā ʻano manu ʻē aʻe o nā ululāʻau. He ʻano like ʻole ka papaʻai; i nā kau like ʻole, hoʻopiha ia me nā kūlana hou.
He manu kamahaʻo a walaʻau ka manu ʻie. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻolōʻihi i ka manawa ma kahi kokoke i ka home o ke kanaka. ʻOiai ʻaʻole hoʻoweliweli nā kūlanakauhale nui iā ia. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mākua he mehameha. ʻAʻole hui iki lākou i nā hui. Hana ʻia ka holoholona i ka mahi ʻai i ke ao, "hunts" maʻamau i kahi wahi liʻiliʻi. He wahi hānai ko kēlā me kēia manu. Inā lele ka malihini ma luna ona, hiki ke kaua.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Ma mua o ka holo wikiwiki ʻana i ke kaua, laha mau ka ʻeneki nānā i kāna mea hoʻokūkū. Hele ʻo ia i kekahi kūlana, wehe i kona nuku, a hulu nā hulu ma kona poʻo. I kekahi manawa ʻae kēia iā ʻoe e makaʻu i kahi ʻenemi kūpono.
ʻO nā ululāʻau kahakaha nā manu maluhia. Lele lākou i nā wahi pili kokoke loa, i ka manawa wale nō o ka hana kope. Eia naʻe, inā ʻaʻole haʻalele ka manu i lele i loko o ka pūnaewele o ka mea nona ia, a laila e hoʻomaka paha kahi kaua ikaika. Ke hakakā nei, hana nā manu i nā hōʻeha koʻikoʻi kekahi i kekahi. Hoʻohana nā holoholona i ko lākou mau ʻeheu a me nā nuku e pale a paʻi. ʻAʻole makaʻu ka poʻe Woodpeckers i ka poʻe. Piʻi wale lākou i luna o ka lāʻau a nānā mau i ka meaʻai.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Manu ʻāhiu i ʻike ʻia
ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa nā wahine a me nā kāne o nā ululāʻau. ʻO ka mea wale nō i waho e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou ke ʻano o ka waihoʻoluʻu hulu. I nā manu kāne, ʻulaʻula ka nape, i nā wahine melemele a ʻeleʻele. ʻO nā ululāʻau i ʻike ʻia he monogamous ia. Ma Iapana wale nō i hōʻike ʻia ai kekahi mau hihia polyandry.
Hoʻomaka ka wā hānau i ka hopena o ka makahiki mua o ke ola o nā mea ʻāhiu. Hoʻokumu nā holoholona i nā pālua, ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka wā hānau, haki ka hapa nui o lākou. ʻO kahi mau liʻiliʻi wale nō o nā kāne e hoʻomau e noho pū a hiki i ka puna aʻe. Hoʻomaka ke kau moʻa no nā manu i ka hopena o ka hoʻoilo. Hiki ke hoʻomau i ka hana mākia a hiki i ka waena o Mei. Ma Mei, ke hana nei nā manu i nā pālua, ke kūkulu nei i nā pūnana "ʻohana".
Ma ka laulā, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kaʻina hānau i nā pae he nui:
- Kamaʻāina. Hoʻomaopopo nā wahine a me nā kāne i kekahi i kekahi, e hui pū ana i kā lākou mau wahi hānai. Ke hui lāua, hōʻike nui nā kāne iā lākou iho - ʻuā lākou, pahu ma nā lālā, a ʻumeʻume i ka nānā i kēlā me kēia ʻano. ʻO ka pinepine i nā pāʻani moena, hoʻomaka nā manu e lele i ka lewa e like me nā butterflies. Kapa ʻia kēia pāʻani he lele moena;
- Pālua. ʻO ia nā huakaʻi moʻo e hoʻopau pinepine i ka moena. Lawe ʻia ke kaʻina hana ma ka lālā ākea a ʻeono kekona ka lōʻihi. Hele pū ka moena me ka ʻuwā nui;
- Ke waiho ʻana, hoʻoulu a mālama ʻana i nā moa. Ke waiho nei kahi wahine wahie ma kahi o ʻehiku mau hua i ka manawa. Keʻokeʻo nā huamoa, ʻālohilohi ko lākou ʻili. Ke komo nei nā mākua ʻelua i ka incubation o nā hua, akā hoʻonui ka kāne i ka manawa i ka pūnana. ʻOi aku ka pōkole o ke ʻano incubation - ʻumikūmākolu mau lā. ʻO nā Chicks hatch kōkua ʻole, makapō, me ka makemake maikaʻi. A hiki i ke oʻo ʻana, pili nā mākua ʻelua i ka hāʻawi ʻana iā lākou i ka meaʻai. I iwakālua mau lā ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, hiki i nā moa ke aʻo i ka lele ʻana, a ma hope o kekahi mau lā he ʻumi hiki iā lākou ke kiʻi i ka meaʻai na lākou iho.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o nā ululāʻau i ʻike ʻia
Kiʻi: Woodpecker Kahi Kūloko
ʻAʻole maʻalahi ka ʻeneki nānā i ka nahelehele. Hoʻolālā ʻo ia i ka hapa nui o kona manawa i nā kumulāʻau, kiʻekiʻe loa ia no nā ʻalopeke, nā ʻīlio hae, nā bea a me nā mea ʻaihue nui ʻē aʻe. ʻO kekahi manawa wale nō hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma ka honua. ʻO ia ka manawa o nā mea ʻino e loaʻa ai nā manawa āpau e hopu a ʻai i ka manu. No kēia kumu, i kēia lā ʻaʻohe mea pili e pili ana i ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana o nā mea ʻaihue ma luna o nā ululāʻau i ʻike ʻia. ʻO ka ermine a me marten wale nō ke kapa ʻia he ʻenemi ʻāina maoli. ʻOi aku ka wikiwiki a maʻalea hoʻi kēia mau holoholona.
I nā latitude mahana, hiki ke hoʻouka ʻia nā ululāʻau e nā manu o nā mea pio. ʻO ka maʻamau ʻo Sparrowhawks a i ʻole Goshawks kēia. Ma waho o ka ululāʻau, ʻo nā ʻenemi nui o nā ululāʻau nā peregrine falcons. Holo ʻino lākou iā lākou, hoʻouka nui. ʻIke ka mōʻaukala i nā hihia o ka luku piha ʻana o ka heluna kanaka o nā lāʻau ʻoka i ʻike ʻia e nā falcons peregrine.
ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o nā lāʻau ʻāhiu i ʻike ʻia i nā lā mua o ke ola. ʻOiai e lele ana nā mākua i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, hao wale ʻia kā lākou pūnana e nā ʻiʻo, nā regiment dormouse. I kekahi manawa, ʻo nā starling maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui, ua kipaku ʻia mai nā mea ulu lāʻau. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o kēia mau holoholona he ticks, fleas, midges, kihi wahie, kekahi mau ʻano mea kolo koko. ʻAʻole lākou i alakaʻi i ka make koke o ka manu, akā e hōʻino loa i ke kūlana o kona olakino.
Me ka manaʻo ʻole, e lilo kekahi i ʻenemi i nā ululāʻau i kekahi manawa. ʻO ia ka poʻe e hana nei i ka hoʻoneoneo i kāohi ʻole ʻia, luku i nā meaʻai manu, hoʻohaumia i ka ea a me ka lepo. Pili kēia i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ka heluna holoholona.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: holoholona hihiu i ʻike ʻia
I loko nō o ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole o ke kanaka, nā hoʻouka ʻeleu a nā manu lele a me nā ʻūlū, ʻo ka nui o ka poʻe i ʻike ʻia he mau ululāʻau. ʻO ka nui o nā manu o kēia laha he nui loa, ua pālahalaha nā ʻāhue wahī ʻaneʻane ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. Noho lākou i nā wahi a nā kumu lāʻau, nā ʻelala, nā nalo.
ʻO kēia mau lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana ʻāhiu noho maʻa mau, akā i kēia lā ʻaʻohe ʻike kūpono i kā lākou helu. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole pili ka lehulehu o kēia mau holoholona i ka hopohopo i waena o nā ʻepekema; ua hāʻawi ʻia lākou i ke kūlana mālama "Causing Least Concern".
Hiki i ka helu a me ka nui o nā heluna o nā mea ulu lāʻau i ʻike ʻia i kekahi mau panalāʻau ke fluctuate i nā manawa āpau. I kekahi manawa make nā manu ma kahi pālākiō ma muli o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana o nā ʻenemi, akā hoʻihoʻi piha i ko lākou heluna kanaka no kekahi mau makahiki i ka lālani. Eia nō hoʻi ma nā ʻĀkau o ka ʻākau, he poʻe nomadic nā mea ulu lāʻau. No kēia kumu, hiki ke hoʻololi i ka nui o ko lākou heluna kanaka ma nā ʻĀkau ʻākau i nā manawa he nui i ka makahiki.
ʻO ke ola o nā wīwī i ʻike ʻia he awelika. I ka nahelehele, ʻeiwa paha makahiki ona. Eia nō naʻe, ua hoʻopaʻa nā ʻepekema i kahi hihia i ka wā i ola ai kahi mākua no ʻumikūmālua makahiki a me ʻewalu mahina. I kēia manawa, ʻo kēia nō ka wā kiʻekiʻe.
ʻPlihi lāʻau i ʻike ʻia ʻokoʻa i nā lunamakaʻāinana ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana ulu lāʻau i kona nui, ʻano ʻokoʻa. I ka wā ʻōpio, ua kāhiko ʻia ko lākou poʻo me nā pāpale ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula, i ke kanaka makua - nā wahi ʻulaʻula liʻiliʻi. ʻO nā ululāʻau i ʻike ʻia he ʻina maoli o ka nahele. Hoʻopau koke lākou i nā maunu mai nā ʻano pests.
Lā paʻi: 04/14/2019
Lā hou: 19.09.2019 ma 20:42
