ʻO ka laha o ka moekolohe wahine, kahi e ʻai ai ka wahine i ke kāne ma hope o ka male ʻana, ua hoʻohuli i ka inoa maʻamau o ka laha. Wahine kāne make ʻeleʻele... Kuhi ʻia kēia ʻano kekahi o nā mea ʻawahia loa. Ua ʻoi aku ka ʻona o ka punawelewele wahine i ka mea ʻino o nā mea ʻona i loko o ka rattlesnake. Eia nō naʻe, weliweli ka nahu ʻana o ka wahine i ke kanaka. ʻAʻohe makaʻu nā nahu spider kāne a ʻōpio.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: wahine kāne make
ʻO Charles Genanas Valkenaer ka wahine kāne make ʻeleʻele i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e 1805. Ua hoʻoponopono hou ʻo Arachnologist Herbert Walter Levy i ka genus ma 1959, e aʻo ana i nā genital wahine a me ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kā lākou mea like ma waena o nā ʻano i wehewehe ʻia. Ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia he loli nā loli kala ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa a ʻaʻole lawa e hōʻoia i ke kūlana o nā ʻano, a hoʻohui ʻia i ka ʻulaʻula a me kekahi mau ʻano ʻē aʻe ma ke ʻano he subspecies o ka punawelewele wahine ʻeleʻele wahine make.
Wikiō: Punawelewele, ka wahine kāne make
Ua hoʻomaopopo pū ʻo Levy ʻo ka hoʻopaʻa haʻawina o ka genus ka mea i hoʻopaʻapaʻa loa ma mua o kēlā, no ka mea i 1902 F. Picard-Cambridge lāua ʻo Friedrich Dahl i hoʻoponopono hou i ka genus, kēlā me kēia i ka mea i hōʻino ʻia i kekahi. Ua nīnau ʻo Cambridge i ka mahele o Dahlem o kēia ʻano. Ua noʻonoʻo ʻo ia i nā ʻokoʻa a kāna hoa paio i huki ai i ka nānā i nā kikoʻī anatomical liʻiliʻi.
Hoihoi ia! I nā makahiki 1600, ua hulahula nā poʻe o ka ʻaoʻao hema o ʻEulopa a ʻalalā e pili ana i ka nahu ʻia e kekahi ʻano o ka wahine kāne make. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ka neʻe e hōʻoluʻolu i nā ʻōuli ʻeha. Ua kapa ʻia kā lākou neʻe mele i ka hulahula Tarantella, ma hope o ka moku ʻItalia o Taranto.
ʻAʻole makemake nā poʻe he nui i nā nananana. Manaʻo kekahi poʻe lawe lākou mai ka laki maikaʻi ʻole; ʻo ka poʻe ʻē aʻe, i ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, manaʻoʻiʻo lākou he laki maikaʻi lākou. Ua kōkua nui nā wahine kāne make ʻele i ka kaohi ʻana i nā mea ʻino e like me nā naonao ahi a me nā poʻe kauā. I ka wā ma mua, ʻike hewa pinepine nā kauka ma hope o ka nahu ʻana o ka nananana. Lawe i ke kūlana koʻikoʻi o ka umauma a me ka ʻōpū no nā ʻōuli o ka appendix perforated.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Punawelewele, ka wahine wao wahine
ʻO ka wahine kāne make ʻeleʻele (Latrodectus) kahi ʻano nui o nā nananana, kahi lālā o ka ʻohana Theridiidae. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka inoa ʻo Latrodectus ke ʻano he "nahu huna" i ka unuhi ʻana mai Greek mai. Aia i loko o ka genus he 31 mau ʻano, e like me nā wahine kāne make ʻeleʻele o ʻAmelika Hema (L. Hesperus, L. mactans a me L. variolus), ka wahine kāne make ʻeleʻele o ʻEulopa (L. tredecimguttatus), ka wahine ʻulaʻula ʻeleʻele o ʻAukekulia (L. hasseltii), a me nā pihi kolo kope o ʻApelika Hema. Kūleʻa nui ka laha i ka nui.
ʻEleʻele ʻeleʻele a i ʻole ʻeleʻele ʻōniʻoniʻo keʻokeʻo wahine. Loaʻa i nā mākua kahi hourglass ʻulaʻula a ʻalani paha ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻōpū (ma lalo) o ka ʻōpū. Loaʻa i kekahi ʻano i nā kiko ʻulaʻula ʻelua a i ʻole ʻole māka.
ʻO nā kolo kāne wahine kāne make ʻeleʻele pinepine i nā ʻōuli ʻulaʻula, melemele, a keʻokeʻo paha ma ka ʻaoʻao dorsal (ʻaoʻao luna) o ka ʻōpū. ʻO nā wahine o kekahi mau ʻano ʻāhinahina keʻokeʻo, a ʻaʻohe o nā kiko uila kekahi. ʻOi aku lākou i nā kāne. Kū ka nui o nā kino punawelewele i ka nui mai 3 a 10 mm. Hiki i kekahi mau wahine ke 13 mm ka lōʻihi.
ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o nā paws o ka wahine kāne make wahine, pili i ke kino, a ʻano like me ka "Comb" me ka lālani o nā curved, nā ʻāʻī elima ma nā wāwae hope. Kiola ʻia ka pūnaewele i ka mea pio e ka pali hope.
Ma kahi leka! ʻO kēia mau ʻanalā liʻiliʻi loaʻa i kahi venom ikaika ikaika ʻole i loaʻa i ka neurotoxin latrotoxin, kahi e kumu ai kahi moku latrodectism.
ʻO nā kolo wahine wahine make wahine he nui nā ʻōpala ʻino nunui, a hiki i kā lākou nahu ke lilo i mea weliweli loa i nā vertebrates nunui, me nā kānaka. ʻOiai kona kaulana, ʻaʻohe mea make ʻo Latrodectus nahu a i ʻole ke kumu o nā pilikia koʻikoʻi.
Ma hea kahi e noho ai ka nananana wahine ʻeleʻele?
Kiʻi: holoholona wahine ʻeleʻele
Hiki ke loaʻa nā ʻano ma nā ʻāina āpau o ka honua koe ʻo Antarctica. Ma ʻAmelika Hema, ʻike ʻia nā wahine kāne make ʻeleʻele ma ka hema (Latrodectus mactans), komohana (Latrodectus hesperus), a me ka ʻākau (Latrodectus variolus). Hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa ma nā wao akua ʻehā o ʻAmelika Hema, a me nā ʻāpana o ka hema o Kanada, ʻo ia hoʻi ma ke awāwa ʻo Okanagan o British Columbia. Hoʻohui ʻia, aia kekahi mau wahine kāne poʻohina hina a ʻeleʻele paha (ometricus) a me nā wahine kāne wahine punahai ʻulaʻula (Bishop) ma ka ʻāina ʻAmelika.
Penei ka wahi o ka noho:
- ʻAmelika ʻAmelika - 13 ʻano;
- Eurasia - 8;
- ʻApelika - 8;
- Australia / Oceania - 3 ʻano;
- Hoʻokahi ʻano (geometricus) - noho ma nā wahi āpau koe wale nō ʻo Eurasia;
- ʻO nā lāhui maʻamau loa, i loaʻa ma Asia Hikina a me ʻAukekulelia, kapa ʻia ʻo redback (Latrodectus hasselti). Loaʻa nā haneli o nā Australians i ka nahu i kēlā me kēia makahiki mai ka punawelewele ʻulaʻula, kahi hoahānau o ka wahine kāne make ʻeleʻele. Loaʻa ia ma nā wahi āpau o ʻAukekulia koe nā wao nahele wela loa a me nā mauna anuanu.
He mea hoihoi! Makemake nā wahine kāne ʻeleʻele e pūnana i kahi kokoke i ka honua i nā wahi pouli a unspoiled, maʻamau i nā lua liʻiliʻi i hana ʻia e nā holoholona e pili ana i nā puka kūkulu a i ʻole nā paila lāʻau ma lalo o nā pali, nā pōhaku, nā mea kanu, a me nā ʻōpala. ʻO ke anuanu a i ʻole ka maloʻo ke hiki ke kipaku aku i kēia mau nananana i loko o nā hale.
ʻAʻohe weliweli ka punawelewele wīwī ʻeleʻele (Latrodectus geometryus) e like me ka nananana Hoʻokuʻu ia i ka wai ʻona liʻiliʻi ke nahu ʻia. Eia nō naʻe, he mea ʻona ia a pono e mālama ʻia me ke akahele. Loaʻa ia i nā wahi tropical āpau o ka honua a ua hoʻolauna ʻia i ka hema o Texas, ke kikowaena a me ka hema o Florida, a ua ʻike ʻia i kēia manawa ma ka hema o Kaleponi.
He aha ka ʻai a ka nananana wahine ʻeleʻele?
Kiʻi: Poʻo ʻleʻele ʻona
E like me ka nui o nā arachnids, hopu ka wahine kāne make ʻeleʻele i nā kolo. ʻAi ʻia i kekahi manawa nā ʻiole, nā moʻo a me nā moʻo i hopu ʻia i ka ʻupena, akā kākaʻikahi loa. I nā wao nahele, noho nā wahine kāne make ʻeleʻele i ka papaʻai o ka scorpion. Ua ʻike ʻia kona pūnaewele ka ikaika o nā ʻano punawelewele. ʻAʻole ulana nā wahine kāne make i nā pūnaewele maikaʻi; ma kahi o lākou, hana lākou i kahi ulana ʻulana o nā wana mānoanoa, ʻino a paʻa.
He mea hoihoi! Ua ʻike ʻia ka ikaika ikaika o ka pūnaewele Wahine ʻEleʻele e like me ka uea kila o ka mānoanoa like. Eia nō naʻe, ma kahi o ʻeono mau manawa ka mānoanoa o ke kila o ka punawelewele, puka ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka pūnaewele ma mua o ka uea kila o ke kaupaona like.
No ka hopu ʻana i kā lākou mea pio, hana nā wahine kāne make ʻeleʻele i kahi "pōpō" o ʻekolu mau pae:
- Ke kākoʻo ʻana i nā pae ma luna;
- Ulana poepoe i ka waena;
- Hoʻopili ʻia i ka honua i nā pae hei kū i ka lalo me nā kulu hāliʻi.
Kaʻi pinepine ka spider ma lalo kokoke i ke kikowaena o kāna pūnaewele a kali no nā kolo e kuhi hewa a hāʻule i ka ʻupena. A laila, ma mua o ka pakele ʻana o ka mea i hoʻomāinoino ʻia, holo kiki aku ka wahine kāne make e lāʻau make iā ia, e hoʻomoʻi ana i ka lāʻau make, a wahī iā ia i ke kilika. Pulsates kona waha me nā wai digestive ma luna o ka mea pio, a e ʻemi liquefies. Hana ka wahine kāne make ʻele i nā punctures liʻiliʻi i loko o ke kino o ka mea i hōʻino ʻia a omo i ka hoʻomaha, a ʻae ʻia e omo hou ʻia i ka waha.
Loaʻa i ka ʻai i loko o ka ʻupena nā ʻano ʻelala liʻiliʻi.
- kokolo;
- nalo;
- lele;
- makika;
- ʻūhini;
- ʻenuhe;
- pulelehua;
- Nā Punawelewele ʻē aʻe.
E like me nā spider a pau, ʻilihune loa nā maka o nā wahine kāne make ʻele a hilinaʻi i nā haʻalulu i ka pūnaewele e loaʻa ai nā mea pio a makaʻu paha.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: ʻO Spider wahine kāne make ʻeleʻele
ʻO ka nūpepa wahine kāne make ʻeleʻele ia i ka pō. Hūnā ʻo ia i nā wahi pouli a hoʻopā ʻole, i nā lua liʻiliʻi i hana ʻia e nā holoholona, ma lalo o nā lālā i hāʻule, nā ahu o nā lāʻau a me nā pōhaku. I kekahi manawa noho lākou i loko o nā lua rodent a me nā ʻōpuʻu hollow. ʻO nā wahi noho ʻē aʻe e komo pū me nā hale kaʻa, nā hale o waho, a me nā hale papaʻa. Ma loko o nā hale, aia nā pūnana i nā wahi pouli, nā mea i hoʻopā ʻole ʻia e like me nā papa, nā lako hale, nā hale haʻahaʻa.
Hoʻonui ka cannibalism moekolohe i ka wahine i nā manawa o ke ola o nā keiki. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole hōʻike iki nā wahine o kekahi ʻano i kēia ʻano. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā hōʻike i hoʻopaʻa ʻia o ka moekolohe wahine i loko o nā hale paʻahao, kahi hiki ʻole i nā kāne ke pakele.
Hoihoi ia! Koho nā kolo ʻeleʻele kāne kāne ʻeleʻele i nā hoa no lākou, e hoʻoholo ana inā hānai maikaʻi ʻia ka wahine i kēia manawa i mea e hōʻino ʻole ʻia ai. Hiki iā lākou ke haʻi inā ua ʻai ka punawelewele i nā kemikona koʻikoʻi i ka pūnaewele.
ʻAʻole huhū ka wahine kāne make, akā hiki ke nahu ke hoʻoluhi. Inā paʻa i kahi pahele, ʻaʻohe hiki iā ia ke nahu, makemake e hoʻohālike ua make a peʻe paha. Hiki ke nahu ke kihi ʻia ka nananana a ʻaʻole hiki ke pakele. Kū ka ʻeha i nā kānaka ma muli o nā nahu pale i loaʻa ke kuʻi ʻia a wīwī ʻia paha ka wahine.
Pono e ʻike! He lāʻau make ka lāʻau make o ka wahine kāne make ʻeleʻele. Ke komo nā ʻiʻo i ka ʻili, noho lākou ma laila no kekona kekona. Hoʻonohonoho ka pākino ʻawahia e hāʻawi i ka lāʻau make ma o nā aʻa i nā kini.
ʻO ka maʻi e hopena ʻia mai ka nahu ʻike ʻia ʻo latrodectism. ʻIke ʻia nā ʻōuli ʻeha ma ke kino holoʻokoʻa. Kāhea ʻia ka lāʻau make wahine make wahine ʻeleʻele "neurotoxic" no ka mea hana ia ma nā ʻalolo. Ke holo ʻole nā aʻalolo nerve: hoʻōki nā mākala i ka hoʻolohe, ikaika ke kino, palapū a me nā haunaele. I kekahi manawa oki ka hana ʻana i nāʻiʻo hanu, e hoʻonāukiuki ana.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: wahine kāne make
ʻO ka maʻa mau nā wahine kāne make ʻeleʻele i ka puna a me ke kauwela. Hana ka wahine i ka nui hua i loko o 200+ mau hua. Uhi ʻo ia i nā hua me nā cobwebs, a laila hana i kahi ʻeke mai kēia, kahi e pale ai i nā hua mai nā mana waho. Kaʻi ʻia ka ʻeke ma ka pūnaewele e wehe iā ia mai nā mea ʻino.
Ma kahi o ʻelua pule paha e pa aʻe ai nā hua. Kakaʻikahi loa nā ʻōpala ʻōpio e ola no ka mea ʻai lākou i kekahi i ka manawa hānau. Ua hoʻolei nā kolo i nā manawa he nui ma mua o ka hiki ʻana i ke oʻo. ʻO ka papaʻai a me ka mahana ka mea e hoʻopili i ka ulu ʻana o nā keiki.
Hoʻomanaʻo! Lawe nā wahine i 2 a 4 mau mahina e oʻo ai, a ʻo ko lākou ola ʻana ma kahi o 1.1 / 2 mau makahiki. Makua kāne i 2-4 mahina a ola no ma kahi o 4 mau mahina. Lilo lākou i kā lākou uhi waho (exoskeleton) ke ulu lākou.
ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ka launa ma waena o nā kolo kolohe inā ʻae ke kāne iā ia iho e lilo i kanalā. Ma ka mōhai ʻana i kona ola, hiki iā ia ke hoʻopiha i kāna hoa me ka sperm he nui. Mālama ka wahine i kēia sperm i loko o nā mea mālama ʻelua a hiki ke kaohi ke hoʻohana ʻo ia i kēia mau hunaola e hoʻomomona i kāna mau hua.
Inā loaʻa iā ia ka moekolohe hou, hiki i ka sperm o ka lua o ke kāne ke hoʻololi i ka sperm o ka mua. Akā ʻo nā wahine e ʻai i kā lākou kāne mua e hōʻole paha i ka mea aʻe.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka nanane kāne wahine ʻeleʻele
Kiʻi: Wahine ʻeleʻele holoholona
ʻO kēia mau kolo, ʻoiai he makaʻu iki, he ʻenemi kekahi. Hiki i kekahi mau laha keona ke ʻū a hoʻohiki i ka punawelewele ma mua o ka ʻai ʻana. ʻO ka wahine kāne make ʻeleʻele kekahi meaʻai punahele a nā mantisa. ʻAi paha kekahi mau manu i kēia mau nananana, akā e loaʻa ana kahi ʻōpū huhū ma muli o ka hopena.
Hoʻomaopopo nā māka ʻulaʻula a ʻalani paha ma ka ʻōpū i nā mea predators he meaʻai maikaʻi ʻole kēia. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā vertebrates e ʻimi ʻimi ʻike i kēia hōʻailona ʻulaʻula ʻeleʻele a hōʻole i ka hoʻohana ʻana iā ia.
Ma waena o nā nananana, pani pinepine nā wahine kāne make ʻeleʻele i nā ʻeleʻele i ko lākou mau wahi noho, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ʻike maopopo ʻia inā he hōʻailona kēia o ka ʻai ʻana, hoʻokuke wale paha lākou iā lākou i kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe. ʻO kekahi ʻano o nā punawelewele i lalo e hoihoi i ka ʻai ʻana i nā wahine kāne make ʻeleʻele.
Hiki i nā arthropods ʻē aʻe ke ʻai i nā wahine kāne make ʻeleʻele, akā pono lākou e lālau i ka punawelewele ma mua o ka nahu ʻana iā lākou, kahi mea iki ʻole ka hana ʻana.
He punawelewele wikiwiki loa kēia, hiki iā ia ke ʻike i mua i nā haʻalulu liʻiliʻi i hana ʻia e ka mea ʻaka. Inā pilikia ʻo ia, iho ʻo ia i ka honua ma ka pūnaewele a peʻe i kahi palekana. Hōʻaleʻa pinepine ka nananana i ka make i mea e hoʻopunipuni ai i kahi ʻenemi kūpono.
ʻO ka ʻūpā lepo polū (Chalybion californiaicum) ma ke komohana o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ka predator nui o ka wahine kāne make ʻeleʻele. Hiki i nā moʻo Alligator kekahi manawa ke "ʻahaʻaina" i kēlā papa ʻaina keu.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Punawelewele, ʻaneʻane wahine make wahine make
ʻAʻole hoʻoweliweli ʻia ka heluna wahine ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele i kēia manawa e kekahi mea, a ʻo ka hope pū kekahi. Hōʻike ka noiʻi hou i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, hoʻonui ʻia ka wahi noho o ka wahine kāne make ʻeleʻele i ka ʻākau a ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe ma waho o kāna wahi maʻamau.
ʻO nā kumu Climatic ke kuleana no ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka nohona o kēia kolo weliweli. No nā wahine kāne make ʻeleʻele, ʻo ka mea nui i ka wānana ʻana i kā lākou laulā hoʻokaʻawale ʻo ia ka awelika o ka mahana o nā mahina ʻekolu o ka makahiki mehana o ka makahiki. ʻO kēia mau mea i ʻike hou ʻia he mau limahana olakino i nā wahi i maʻa ʻole i ka ʻike ʻana i ka wahine kāne make ʻeleʻele i mākaukau no kona helehelena.
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kahi nahu wahine ʻeleʻele i ʻelua mau punctures i ka ʻili. Hoʻokumu ka ʻona i ka ʻeha ma kahi o ka nahu, a laila pālahalaha ʻia i ka umauma, ʻōpū a me ke kino holoʻokoʻa. Wahi a nā kikowaena no ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi a me ka Kāohi ʻana ʻaʻole he mea hoʻoweliweli ke ola nei nā nahu wahine ʻeleʻele no nā mākua, akā hiki iā lākou ke hōʻeha i nā ʻehaʻeha a me nā ʻehaʻehaʻehaʻeha. Kūkā ʻia ka poʻe i nahu ʻia e kahi wahine kāne make ʻeleʻele e ʻimi i ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
E hakakā i nā spider, hoʻohana ʻia nā insecticides i ko lākou wahi noho ke ʻike ʻia kahi maʻi. E hana hou i ka lāʻau ma nā wā i hōʻike ʻia ma ka lepili. I mea e hoʻonāwaliwali hou ai i ka punawelewele mai ke komo ʻana i kou home, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i kahi spray spray spray insecticide a puni ke kumu o ka home a hiki i nā kiko komo e like me nā puka puka, nā puka aniani, nā puka paʻa.
Wahi a nā kānaka noiʻi, ʻo ia nō paha punawelewele ʻeleʻele aia kekahi kokoke i ka ʻākau. ʻO ka hana hou e hana i nā hana hoʻāʻo hou i nā wahi noho e pili ana i kēia mau nananana.
Lā hoʻopuka: 01.04.2019
Lā hou: 19.09.2019 ma 12:15
