ʻAʻole makemake ʻia nā Amphibians e kānaka. No nā kenekulia he nui, ua laha nā lono e pili ana i ka hopena weliweli a me nā hopena luku paha o nā toads i nā kānaka. Manaʻo nui ka poʻe he hoʻokahi wale nō paʻi i kēia holoholona e hiki ke alakaʻi i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ka wart, a i kekahi manawa ka make. Eia naʻe, he kaʻao wale kēia. A he rosy ka ʻoiaʻiʻo - papaka lepo ʻo ia kekahi o nā amphibian pono loa ma ka honua.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Kaona Honua
Hoʻohālikelike ka papahele lepo, ma muli o kona hiʻohiʻona waho, i ka rana. Eia nō naʻe, ʻokoʻa kēia mau ʻano amphibians. ʻO ka toad i ka ʻohana toads, ke kauoha o ka huelo ʻole. I kēia lā he ʻelima mau haneli a ʻoi paha o kēia ʻohana. Eia nō naʻe, ʻeono wale nō mau laha o ka genus hiki ke loaʻa ma ʻEulopa.
He kūpono ia e hoʻomaʻamaʻa iā ʻoe iho me kēia ʻano i nā kikoʻī hou aʻe:
- Ōmaʻomaʻo. Hoʻohanohano ʻia e ke kala hina hina-ʻoliva. Ma ke kua, me ka maka ʻōlohelohe, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā kiko ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻeleʻele i kāhiko ʻia me nā kaha ʻeleʻele. No ko lākou palekana iho, hūnā nā toads ʻōmaʻomaʻo makua i kahi wai kūikawā. He ʻona ia a weliweli loa i ka ʻenemi. Makemake nā amphibians e neʻe i nā ʻanuʻu, hiki ʻole ke lele.
- Maʻamau. ʻO ka lāhui nui loa i ka ʻohana. ʻO ke kino o kahi mākua ākea, kala ʻeleʻele, hina a ʻoliva paha. Mālamalama loa nā maka - ʻalani.
- Caucasian. Amphibian nui. Hiki i kona lōʻihi ke piʻi i ʻumikūmākolu kenimika. ʻEleʻele ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele maʻamau, hina hina. Noho kēlā ʻano toad i nā kuahiwi, nā ululāʻau a me nā ana.
- Hikina hikina. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o kēia ʻano he palette waihoʻoluʻu ākea, nā ʻiʻo liʻiliʻi a me nā kaha lonikū ma ke kino kiʻekiʻe. Noho ka holoholona i nā nāhelehele i hoʻopiha ʻia a me nā ulu lāʻau malumalu.
- ʻOhe. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka amphibian ma kahi o ʻewalu kenimika. Hiki ke ʻike akāka ʻia kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōniʻoniʻo ma ke kua. Hiki i ke kala o ka ʻili ke hina, ʻoliva, one.
- Ōlelo Monokolia. He kino pālahalaha ko kēia toad, poʻo poepoe, maka maka maka. ʻAʻoleʻoi aku kona lōʻihi ma mua o ʻeiwa mau kenimika. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona kū i ke alo o nā warts he nui.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Kohala honua Amphibian
Loaʻa i nā toads honua kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona. Ua nele loa lākou i nā niho i ka ʻaoʻao luna o ka iwi ā, aia nā puʻuwai parotid kūikawā ma kahi kokoke i nā pepeiao, a hoʻolako ʻia nā wāwae o nā kāne me nā tubercles kūikawā. Me ke kōkua o kēia mau tubercles, hiki i nā kāne ke hoʻopaʻa paʻa i ke kino o nā wahine i ka wā o ka male ʻana.
Mea hoihoi: he mau hana kā ka parotid glands. ʻO ka mea mua, hūnā lākou i kahi huna huna pilikino, a ʻo ka lua, hana lākou ma ke ʻano he mea pale kaua. Hoʻohana kekahi poʻe iā lākou e hana i ka lāʻau make make. Eia naʻe, weliweli ia no nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā toads. I nā kānaka, hiki i kēia lāʻauʻawaʻawa ke hoʻonā i kahi ʻā wale o ke ahi.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā lālā o ka ʻohana he kino pālahalaha iki, poʻo nui, a nui nā maka. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā maka i kahi kūlana papamoe. ʻO nā lālā o mua a me nā hope i nā manamana lima. Hoʻohui ʻia lākou e kahi membrane kūikawā. Kōkua ʻo ia i nā amphibians e dissect ma loko o ka wai.
ʻO kahi ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o ka toad a me ka rana ke ala o ka neʻe. Lele nā rana a hele wāwae keaka. Loaʻa kēia ma ka liʻiliʻi o nā wāwae o hope. Hoʻoikaika nā wāwae liʻiliʻi i ka holoholona, ʻaʻole lele. Akā ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ua hāʻawi ke kūlohelohe iā lākou i kahi kūlana kūpono ʻē aʻe - ka hiki ke neʻe i ko lākou alelo i ka wikiwiki o ka uila. Me ia, hiki i nā pēpē ke hopu i nā pepelu.
ʻOkoʻa ke kala o ka ʻili i nā ʻelele ʻokoʻa mai ke one a i ka eleele. Maloʻo ka ʻili o ka toad earthen, keratinized liʻiliʻi, uhi ʻia me nā warts. Hiki ke lōʻihi o ke kino i kanakolu kenimika. Akā ʻo ka nui o nā toads o ka nui awelika - 9-13 kenimika. Ma ke kaupaona, ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o ka holoholona i hoʻokahi kilogram.
Ma hea e noho ai ka lepo lepo?
Kiʻi: ʻAno ma ka māla
Pālahalaha nā lunamakaʻāinana o kēia ʻano amphibians. Noho lākou ma kahi o ka honua holoʻokoʻa. ʻO Antarctica wale nō ka mea ʻokoʻa. I kēia mau lā, ʻaʻole i noho ʻo Toads ma Australia. Eia naʻe, ua hana nā ʻepekema i kahi heluna o nā toads ʻawahia ma laila.
Ua pālahalaha nā toads honua maʻEulopa. Noho nā ʻelele like ʻole o ka ʻohana ma Great Britain, nā mokuʻāina ʻo Baltic, Ukraine, Belarus, Sweden. ʻIke ʻia kēlā mau holoholona i nā helu he nui ma ka ʻaneʻane nā ʻāina āpau o Lūkia.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Noho ka nui o nā momona lepo ma Colombia, ʻEkuador. ʻO ko lākou lōʻihi i hiki i iwakāluakūmālima kenimika. Eia nō naʻe, he kakaikahi loa nā ʻano holoholona i koe. I kēia lā aia lākou ma ka ʻane o ka make.
ʻO ka maʻamau, koho nā amphibians i nā wahi hulihonua me kahi aniau like no ko lākou noho ʻana. ʻAʻole pili kēia kānāwai i haʻi ʻole ʻia i nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana toad. Noho kēlā ʻano amphibians i nā wahi like ʻole. Noho lākou i nā wao nahele, nā waikaʻi, nā steppe a me nā kula. Noho nā toads honua i ka hapa nui o ko lākou manawa ma ka honua. I ka wai, hū wale lākou. ʻAe maikaʻi ʻo Toads i ka wela, ke anuanu, a me nā ʻano aniani ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā mea hoʻokoe wale he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, no laila ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa ma Antarctica.
He aha ka ʻai a ka ʻai?
Kiʻi: Kaona Honua
ʻO ka lohi a me ka hiamoe o nā ʻāpana lepo e kuhi hewa. Manaʻo ka poʻe he nui lākou he poʻe loaʻa ʻilihuna. ʻAʻole naʻe ia. ʻO kēia mau amphibians he poʻe hahai holoholona maikaʻi loa! I ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai, kōkua ʻia lākou e nā mea ʻelua: ʻo ka hiki ke hoʻolei koke i ke alelo a me ka momona maoli. Hiki i ke toad, me ka ʻōpili ʻole ʻana, ke ʻūlū maʻalahi i kahi kolo e lele ana a ʻai. ʻAʻole maopopo i nā rana pehea e alualu ai pēlā.
ʻO kā lākou papaʻai nui:
- butterflies like ʻole;
- nahenahe;
- ʻenuhe honua;
- nā mea kolo, kā lākou keiki - larvae;
- ʻaʻai iʻa.
ʻAi pū nā mākua nunui i nā kiole liʻiliʻi, nā rana a me nā moʻo. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka hopu ʻana a me ka ʻai ʻana i kēlā mea pio. Hele pinepine nā Lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana i ka hopu holoholona i ke ahiahi. Hiki iā lākou ke alualu i ka pō holoʻokoʻa, ke kali nei no kā lākou mea pio i kahi hoʻohālua.
ʻIke hoihoi: lawe mai nā toads honua i nā pono nui i nā kānaka. Hiki iā lākou ke kapa palekana ʻia nā papa kauoha. I hoʻokahi lā, kōkua kahi makua i ka hemo ʻana o ʻewalu mau kolamu o nā kolo. Hoʻoemi kēia i ka pākēneka o ka hōʻino hua.
ʻImi ʻo Toads i ka meaʻai i ke kau mahana wale nō. I nā hui, ʻākoakoa wale nā amphibians i ka wā hānau. I ka hoʻoilo, hibernate lākou. No kēia, loaʻa i ka holoholona ka wahi kūpono loa nona iho. ʻO ka hapanui pinepine kēia wahi i ka haʻalele ʻana i nā lua rodent, nā aʻa kumu lāʻau.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Honua ka honua
ʻAno mālie ke ʻano o nā hua lepo. Hoʻolilo lākou i ka lā i ka basking i ka lā, a i ke ahiahi hoʻomaka lākou e ʻimi no ka meaʻai no ka meaʻai. ʻO ke kino momona, nā wāwae pōkole e hoʻolohi i kēia mau amphibians. Neʻe liʻiliʻi lākou, a hiki iki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi toad i kahi lele.
Hoʻoweliweli nā ʻelele o ka ʻohana i ko lākou mau hoa paio e ko lākou nui kino. Inā kū ka makaʻu, kū ke kua i kona kua. Hana kēia hana i mea ʻike hou aku. Inā ʻaʻole i kōkua ka maʻalea i ka makaʻu i ka hoa paio, a laila hiki i ka amphibian ke lele i hoʻokahi lele nui.
Wikiō: Keahi lepo
Noho nā toads honua i ko lākou lā ʻaʻole kokoke i nā kino wai. He ʻili keratinized iki lākou, no laila ʻaʻole pono lākou e kokoke mau i ka wai. Hūnā nā parotid glands i ka wai kūpono e pono ai ka ʻili. Ua lawa kēia. I ke ao, hiki i ka holoholona ke palekana i ka nahele, i ke kula, i nā māla. Pili kokoke i ka wai, neʻe nā toads i ka wā o ka moʻa.
I ka wā o ka ʻimi ʻana no nā hoa, hānau, hana kēia mau holoholona i kahi kani kūikawā. ʻIke pinepine ia i ka quack. I kekahi mau manawa ʻaʻole lohe iki ʻia lākou. Aia wale nō a makaʻu hiki i kahi amphibian ke hoʻopuka aku i kahi ʻūlū. ʻO ka manawa holoʻokoʻa o ka hana o ka toad earthen ke kū wale i ke kau mahana. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu, hāʻule nā holoholona i loko o ka animation hoʻomaha.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Kaona Honua
Hoʻomaka ka wā moena i ka toads earthen me ka mehana mua - i ka puna. I nā tropika, kū kēia manawa i ka wā ua nui. I ka wā moena, ʻohiʻohi ʻia kēia mau amphibians ma nā hui a kokoke wale i nā kino wai, nā muliwai, nā poho. He mea nui ka wai no ka hānai. I ka wai wale nō hiki i nā pēpē ke ʻō. Ma nā waihona wai, ʻike mua ʻia nā kāne, a laila wahine. Komo nā wahine i ka wai a hoʻomaka i ka hānau ʻana. Piʻi nā kāne i ko lākou kua a momona i kēia mau hua. Ma hope o ka momona, haʻalele nā toads i ka waihona wai.
I ka wai, lilo nā keiki o ka wā e hiki mai ana i mau hua liʻiliʻi i loko o nā ʻōpili liʻiliʻi. E noho ana lākou i ka wai ma kahi o ʻelua mau mahina. I kēia manawa, hānai wale nā ʻōpelu i nā limu a me nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi. Ma hope o kēlā, huli nā ʻōpiu i loko o nā umauma piha. Ma laila wale lākou e hele ai i ka ʻāina. Pili ka helu o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā hua i nā kumu he nui: ke ʻano o ka toad, ka mahana o ke kaiapuni, ka wai. ʻO ka maʻamau maʻamau kēia ma loko o ʻelima a kanaono lā.
ʻAʻole waiho kekahi ʻano toad i nā hua ma hope o ka momona. Hāpai lākou iā ia ma ko lākou kua a hiki i ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o ka larva. Aia kekahi mau kānaka viviparous. Eia nō naʻe, koe he kakaikahi loa o lākou i koe a noho wale lākou i ʻApelika. I hoʻokahi manawa, hiki i kēlā amphibian ke hānau i nā keiki he iwakāluakūmālima.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: He nui nā ʻano o nā kākā lepo kahi e mālama ai ke kāne ma ke ʻano he nanny. Hoʻopili ʻo ia i nā lepe ma kona mau ʻūhā a ke kali nei i ka puka ʻana mai o nā keiki.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o ka tody lepo
Kiʻi: Ka toad o ka honua ma Lūkia
ʻAʻohe pale o ka toad honua i nā holoholona ʻē aʻe, nā kānaka. Hoʻopuni iā ia nā ʻenemi mai nā ʻaoʻao āpau. ʻIke ʻia nā ʻūhū, nā herona, a me nā ibises mai ka lani mai. Lawe lākou i ka amphibians ma ka lele. Ma ka honua, makaʻu lākou i nā ʻalopeke, nā mink, nā puaʻa hihiu, nā otters, nā raccoons. A ʻo nā ʻenemi maikaʻi loa he nahesa. ʻAʻohe mea e pakele ai lākou.
ʻO ka pale pale wale ʻana a Toads i nā ʻenemi ka wai ʻona ma ko lākou ʻili. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki i nā lālā o ka ʻohana ke hoʻomohala iā ia. Pono nā mākana ʻē aʻe e kākahu pono iā lākou iho i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Hoʻopakele ʻia kēia holoholona pale ʻole mai ka make wale ma muli o kona momona kiʻekiʻe.
Eia kekahi, he nui nā mākua, nā honu, e make i ka lima o kānaka. Pepehi kekahi iā lākou no kā lākou leʻaleʻa ponoʻī, nā mea ʻē aʻe e hoʻāʻo e mālama iā lākou. Hiki ke mālama i kēlā mau amphibians ma ka home, akā ʻaʻole kūleʻa nā kānaka āpau. ʻO nā mea pololei ʻole i alakaʻi pinepine ʻia i ka make.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Honua ma ka pōhaku
He holoholona laha ka toad honua. ʻAʻole ko lākou heluna lehulehu i kumu no ka hopohopo. Momona kēia mau holoholona, no laila wikiwiki lākou i kā lākou helu. Eia nō naʻe, weliweli loa kekahi ʻano o nā toads earthen - ma ka ʻane o ka make. Hoʻopili kēia i ka toed reed, viviparous toad a me Kihansi.
Ka pale ʻana i nā toads honua
Kiʻi: Toads mai ka Red Book
E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia, aia kekahi ʻano o ka ʻohana toad ma kahi o ka make. No laila, helu ʻia nā toads viviparous i ka Red Book o ʻApelika. He kakaikahi wale nō o lākou i koe, no laila ke komo nei ka mokuʻāina i ka pale o ia ʻano amphibians. Hoʻihoʻi ia i ka nohona kūlohelohe no ko lākou wahi noho, kālā i nā papahana ʻepekema no ka ʻike kikoʻī o nā ʻano.
Pale aku ka palaka ʻohe i ka Berne Convention. Ua helu ʻia ko lākou ʻano i loko o nā Red Data Books o Estonia, Lithuania, Russia, Belarus, Ukraine. ʻO ka mea kaumaha loa nā kānaka ke kumu o ka make ʻana o kēia mau holoholona. Ke luku nei nā kānaka i ka nohona kūlohelohe o nā toads ʻāina. Ma kahi kikoʻī, hiki ke loaʻa ʻo Kihansi i kēia manawa wale nō i nā zoo, no ka mea ua hoʻomaka kēia ʻano make e make ma hope o ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o kahi wai ma ka muliwai, kahi i noho ai kēia mau amphibians.
Palaka honua - ʻaʻole maikaʻi loa, akā holoholona kūpono loa. ʻO ia ka mea e kōkua i ka hemo ʻana i nā māla a me nā māla o nā ʻano ʻino he nui loa. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā Lunamakaʻāinana o kēia ʻohana i nā helu he nui ma nā ʻāina ʻokoʻa, koe naʻe ʻo Antarctica.
Lā paʻi: 23.02.2019
Lā hou: 14.08.2019 ma 11:38
