No kekahi manawa lōʻihi, ua nui nā kaʻao a me nā lono e pili ana i kēia iʻa nunui e noho ana i ke kai hema. Ua wehewehe ka poʻe, makaʻu i kona helehelena a me ka nui, i ka manō koholā ma ke ʻano he moʻo nui mehameha weliweli mai ke kai hohonu. Ma hope wale nō o ka manawa lōʻihi i maopopo ai ʻo kēia predator, ʻoiai kona ʻano makaʻu, ʻaʻole ia he mea weliweli. Akā, mano kohola a hiki i kēia lā ke koe nei kekahi o nā iʻa pohihihi nui loa o ka honua.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Mō koholā
ʻAʻole i kiʻi ka manō koholā i ka maka o nā kānaka noiʻi no kekahi manawa lōʻihi, a i loko o kekahi mau wehewehe i loaʻa he nui nā manaʻo kuhihewa ma mua o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo. No ka manawa mua, ua wehewehe ʻia ka holoholona (4.5-mika specimen, i kiʻi ʻia mai ʻApelika Hema) e E. Smith i ka makahiki 1828. I kēia manawa, aia kahi manō kohola paʻa i Palisa. Ua kapa ʻia ka inoa bio-species Rhincodon. No ka ʻohana manō ka iʻa. I ka nui, ʻoi aku ia ma mua o ka nui o nā hoa like, akā me nā ʻano iʻa ʻē aʻe.
Ua hāʻawi ʻia ka iʻa "kohola" ma muli o ka nui a me ke ʻano o ka hānai ʻana. Wahi a ka hanana o nā ā, ua like ka holoholona me nā cetaceans ma mua o nā ʻohana manō. ʻO ka moʻolelo o ka biovid, nā kūpuna kahiko loa o ka manō kohola i ka wā Silurian, ma kahi o 440-410 miliona mau makahiki i hala. Wahi a ke kuhiakau maʻamau, ua lilo ka placod germ i kūpuna pololei o nā iʻa like me ka manō: kai a wai wai maoli paha.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Furark Whale Shark
He paʻakikī ke huikau i ka manō kohola me nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe o ke aupuni holoholona. ʻO ke kumu, me ka hoʻohui i kona nui kolosal, he mau hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe kona.
- Kahi kino mana i uhi ʻia me ka ʻili mānoanoa me nā unahi manamana liʻiliʻi. ʻOi aku ka lahilahi o ka ʻili i loko o ka ʻōpū, no laila ma kahi kūlana weliweli e hoʻāʻo ka iʻa e hūnā i kahi wahi nāwaliwali, huli i kona kua i ka ʻenemi.
- Uuku liʻiliʻi, pālahalaha ʻia ke poʻo, a lilo i muzzles pālahalaha me ka waha ākea (ma kahi o hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mika ka waha). Aia ka waha ma waenakonu o ka ihu. ʻO kēia kahi hiʻohiʻona kikoʻī e hoʻokaʻawale i kēia manō mai nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana (aia ko lākou waha ma ka hapa haʻahaʻa o ka waha).
- Ma hope o ke poʻo, ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke kino, ʻelima mau ʻoloka. Mālama lākou ma ke ʻano he kānana e hoʻokuʻu i ka wai. Ma o nā aʻa e puka ai a ʻaʻole hiki i ka iʻa ke ale.
- Liʻiliʻi ka maka, hohonu. ʻOiai i nā kānaka nui, ʻaʻole ʻo ke anawaena o ka eyeball i ʻoi aku ma mua o 50 mm. Aia lākou ma kahi kokoke i nā kaʻe o ka waha. ʻAʻohe o nā membrane kohola kohola. Eia naʻe, i ka hihia o ka makaʻu, huki ʻia ko lākou mau maka i loko o nā orbit a paʻa paʻa ʻia me ka ʻili pelu.
- ʻO ka laula o ke kino nui ma hope pono o ke poʻo. Hoʻomoe mālie ia i ka huelo.
- ʻO nā manō koholā he ʻelua dinsal fins, hoʻoneʻe iki ʻia i hope. ʻO ka mua he nui iki a kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka lua, i ke ʻano o kahi triangle ʻaneʻane maʻamau. ʻO ka huelo huelo o nā manō he ʻumikūmālua mau mika i hiki i 5 m, a ʻo ka pectoral fin he 2.5 m.
- Liʻiliʻi loa nā niho. ʻOiai i nā iʻa nui loa, ʻaʻole lākou i ʻoi aku ma mua o 0.6 cm. Akā nui ka helu o nā niho (ma kahi o 15 tausani). No laila ka inoa Lākina o ka holoholona - Rhincodon, ʻo ka unuhi o ia mea "pūliki i kona mau niho."
No ka manawa lōʻihi ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka lōʻihi ʻoi loa o nā lunamakaʻāinana o kēia ʻano ma kahi o 12.7 m. Eia nō naʻe, e like me kekahi mau kumuwaiwai, hiki i nā holoholona nā nui nui. I ka hopena o ke kenekulia i hala, ua ʻike ʻia ka ʻike i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e pili ana i kēlā me kēia kanaka he 20 mau mika, nona ke kaumaha i hiki i 34 mau tona. Eia nō naʻe, he mea paʻakikī kēlā colossi ma waena o nā manō kohola. Ma ka awelika, ʻo ko lākou lōʻihi e pili ana iā 9.7 m, me ka nui o 9 mau tona. I waena o nā iʻa a pau o ka honua, he mau champion lākou i ka nui.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka iʻa ke ʻano nui. Hina hina ka hope a me nā ʻaoʻao i hope o ke kino. Kuhi ʻia kēia kāʻei kua me nā kala melemele a i ʻole keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo. Ma waena o lākou nā māka o ka malu like, poepoe. Loaʻa i ke poʻo a me nā pectoral fins nā kiko like, aia pinepine a chaotically. Hinahina māmā ka ʻōpū. Ma ka ʻili o nā peʻa a me ke kino aia kekahi mau kahawai ʻaʻano e hoʻohui i hoʻokahi kumu. ʻO ke ʻano o ka "kumu" no kēlā me kēia kanaka. Me ka makahiki, ʻaʻole ia e loli; i ke ʻano o ke kumu, hiki ke ʻike ʻia kekahi iʻa ʻē aʻe.
Ma hea e noho ai ka manō kohola?
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka manō kohola
Noho nā manō koholā i nā kai tropical, me ka mahana o ka wai he 21-26 kekelē. ʻAʻole hiki ke loaʻa nā pilikua lohi ma luna o ke kanahā like. ʻAʻole kēia no ka thermophilicity o colossi kai, e like me kā lākou makemake i ka meaʻai. ʻOiai, aia i loko o nā wai mehana e loaʻa ai ka nui o ka plankton - ka meaʻai punahele a kēia mau iʻa.
Hoʻonui ʻia ka laulā o ka manō kohola i nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe:
- ʻO ka wai kai kokoke i ka Seychelles.
- ʻO nā ʻāina e pili kokoke ana iā Madagascar a me ka ʻaoʻao hema hikina o ʻAmelika. Ua koho ʻia ma kahi o 20% o ka heluna nui o kēia mau iʻa e noho nei i nā wai o ke Kai ʻInikia kokoke i Mozambique.
- Loaʻa nā heluna manō kohola kokoke i Australia, Chile, nā ʻAilana Pilipino a me ke Kai Kūʻono ʻo Mexico.
He aha ka ʻai a ka manō kohola?
Kiʻi: Mano kohola nui
E like me nā ʻano manō ʻē aʻe, pili kēia iʻa i ka mahele o nā mea ʻaihue. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki i kekahi ke hōʻino iā ia no ke aloha koko. ʻOiai kona helehelena kūpilikiʻi a me ka inoa Latina weliweli ʻole, hānai ka manō koholā "ʻāʻī kona niho" i ka zooplankton a me nā iʻa kula liʻiliʻi (tuna liʻiliʻi, mackerel, sardines, anchovies). ʻAʻole hoʻohana kēia iʻa i kona mau niho e nau i kāna mea pio, akā e pale aku iā ia mai ka pakele ʻana mai kona waha nunui mai. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole kēia he mau pōhaku wili no ka wili ʻana i ka meaʻai, akā he ʻano “laka” no ka laka ʻana.
E like me nā koholā baleen, "kūleʻa" ka manō no ka manawa lōʻihi. Lawe i ka wai i loko o kona waha, hoʻokahe ʻo ia i ka plankton. Pani ka iʻa i kona waha, a puka ka wai ma o nā kānana kānana. No laila, ʻo kēlā mau mea noho kai wale nō i hiki ke komo i loko o ka esophagus o ka iʻa (ʻo ke anawaena i hiki i 100 mm wale nō ka mea i koe i ka waha o ka iʻa. I mea e lawa ai, pono i ka manō kohola e hoʻohana ma kahi o 8-9 mau hola i ka lā i ka meaʻai. No hoʻokahi hola, hele ia i loko o nā gills o kahi o 6 tausani cubic mau mika o ka wai kai. I kekahi manawa clog nā holoholona liʻiliʻi i nā kānana. E hoʻomaʻemaʻe iā lākou, "hoʻomaʻemaʻe ka iʻa i kona ʻāʻī". I ka manawa like, lele maoli ka meaʻai paʻa mai ka waha o ka holoholona.
ʻO ka mana o ka ʻōpū o nā kohola kohola ma kahi o 0.3 m3. Hoʻolilo ka iʻa i kahi ʻāpana o ka iʻa i ka mālama ʻana i ke kaulike ikehu. Mālama ʻia kahi nui o nā meaʻai i kahi keʻena kūikawā o ka ʻōpū ma ke ʻano he mālama. Waiho ʻia kahi ʻāpana o nā meaola i loko o ke ake o ka holoholona - kahi ʻano hale waihona ikehu. Hiki ke kapa ʻia kēia he mālama "lā ua". Liʻiliʻi ke akepaʻa o ka manō kohola, a ʻaʻole kūpono ia ma ke ʻano he "lana" no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i kahi kino nui a kaumaha hoʻi i ke kolamu wai. ʻAʻohe o kēia iʻa i kahi wai ʻauʻau. No ka buoyancy ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, ale ka holoholona i ka ea, hoʻokuʻu iā ia ke luʻu i ka hohonu o ke kai.
Wahi a nā noiʻi zologists Iapana i kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka ʻano o ka ʻai ʻana o ka manō koholā ma mua o ka mea i manaʻo mua ʻia. Ma waho aʻe o ka meaʻai holoholona, ka mea kanalua ʻole ke kumu o ka papa kuhikuhi, ʻai pū lākou i ka limu, a, inā pono, hiki i ka wī. ʻIke "wikiwiki" ka iʻa i ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana mai kahi kumu ʻai a kekahi. Me ka nele o ka meaʻai maʻamau, ʻoluʻolu ka manō kohola me ka "ʻai" vegetarian no kekahi manawa.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: ʻO ka manō nui loa
Manaʻo ka hapa nui o nā ichthyologists i nā manō koholā ma ke ʻano mālie, maluhia a lohi hoʻi. Ma ke ʻano he kūlana, noho kokoke ka holoholona i ka ʻilikai o ka wai, akā i kekahi manawa hele 700 mita ka hohonu. ʻAʻau ka iʻa i ka wikiwiki - ma kahi o 5 km / h, a i kekahi manawa ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi. ʻEleu ʻo ia e kokoke i ka uaki, me nā hiamoe pōkole.
Palekana loa kēia ʻano manō no nā kānaka. Lawe nā mea like ʻole i kēia a ʻaʻole kokoke wale i ka iʻa, akā piʻi i luna o lākou. Eia naʻe, hiki i ka poʻe ʻeha ke lilo i mea weliweli. Hoʻokahi pahi o ka hiʻu e lawa i ke kanaka a hōʻino paha i kahi moku liʻiliʻi.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Mō koholā
Mālama wale nā manō koholā a noho i nā hui liʻiliʻi. Kākaʻikahi nā concentrations nui o nā haneli mau kānaka. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kahi pūʻulu koa nunui o ke kai (420 kanaka) i ʻAukake 2009 ma kahi o ka Yucatan Peninsula. ʻO ka mea nui loa, ua huki ʻia lākou e ka caviar mackerel hou i kahili ʻia, kahi e hauʻoli ai nā pilikua me ka leʻaleʻa. Lōʻihi loa ka wā ʻōpio no ka manō kohola. Me ke ola o 70-100 mau makahiki, makaukau ia e kope i ka makahiki 30-35, i kekahi manawa ma 50. Loaʻa ka lōʻihi o ke kanaka makua mai 4.5 a 5.6 m (e like me nā kumuwaiwai ʻē aʻe, 8-9 m). ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o nā kāne kāne moekolohe ma kahi o 9 m.
ʻAʻohe ʻike kikoʻī e pili ana i ka lakio ma waena o ka helu o nā wahine a me nā kāne i ka heluna kanaka. Ke aʻo nei i kahi pūʻā iʻa ma ke kahakai komohana o Australia (Ningaloo Reef Marine Sanctuary), ua ʻike nā ʻepekema ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahine i ka nui o nā holoholona i ʻike ʻia ma mua o 17%. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia kēia ʻike he 100% hilinaʻi, no ka mea ʻaʻole hoʻohana nā manō koholā i kēia ʻāina no ka hānau keiki ʻana, akā no ka hānai ʻana. Pili ka holoholona i ka mahele o ka iʻa ovoviviparous cartilaginous. No kekahi mau manawa, ua kapa ʻia ka manō kohola ʻo oviparous, no ka mea, ua loaʻa nā hua me nā embryos i loko o ka ʻōpū o kahi wahine i hopu ʻia mai ke kapakai ʻo Ceylon. ʻO ka lōʻihi a me ka laula o kekahi embryo i ka capsule he 0.6 a me 0.4 m.
Hiki i kahi wahine 12-mika ke lawe i hoʻokahi manawa i 300 embryo. Hoʻopuni ʻia kēlā me kēia embryo i kahi capsule ʻano manu. ʻO ka manō hānau hou he 0.4-0.5 m ka lōʻihi. Ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, kūʻokoʻa a ola ke pēpē. Haʻalele ʻo ia i ke kino o ka makuahine me ka lawa pono o nā mea i ʻae iā ia ʻaʻole e nānā no ka manawa lōʻihi. Aia kekahi hihia i ʻike ʻia ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia kahi bipi keiki mai ka ʻōpū o kahi wahine i hopu ʻia. Kau ʻia i loko o kahi aquarium, ua maikaʻi ʻo ia, a hoʻomaka i ka lawe ʻana i ka meaʻai ma ka lā 17th wale nō. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka hāpai ʻana he 1.5-2 mau makahiki. I ka manawa o ka hānau keiki ʻana, hūnā ka wahine.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o ka manō kohola
Kiʻi: Mano kohola nunui
Ma waho aʻe o ka ʻenemi nui - kāne - hoʻouka kaua ʻia kēia mau pilikua e marlin a me nā manō polū. Mālama pū nā manō keʻokeʻo nui me lākou. Ma ke ʻano he kūlana, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka poʻe ʻōpio i nā mea ʻaihue, akā ʻo ka hōʻeha i nā iʻa makua piha kekahi. ʻO ka mea nui, pale ʻole ka manō koholā i nā mea ʻaihue. ʻAʻole kū pono ka ʻili mānoanoa a me ka unahi i ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻenemi. ʻAʻohe kumu pale ʻē aʻe a kēia colossus. Hoʻopakele ʻia nā manō koholā e ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka ʻili i kahi hiki ke hana hou. ʻAno laha ʻole ka iʻa, hoʻōla wikiwiki nā ʻeha. ʻO kēia kekahi o nā kumu i hiki ai i nā pilikua ke ola a hiki i kēia lā, hoʻololi maoli ʻia no 60 mau makahiki.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka manō kohola
Liʻiliʻi ka helu o nā manō koholā. Wahi a kekahi mau hōʻike, ʻo ka huina nui o kēia mau iʻa ma ka honua he 1000 mau kānaka. ʻO ke kumu nui o ka emi nui ʻana o nā holoholona ka hopu pio ʻole ʻia ʻana o lākou ma nā mokupuni Pilipino a me Taiwan, kahi e kūʻai nui ʻia ai nā ʻiʻo manō, nā akepaʻa a me nā kohola kohola. Hoʻopau ʻia kēia mau iʻa no ka mea waiwai ka aila manō momona. Hoʻomaopopo pū ʻia ka emi ʻana o ka nui o nā holoholona e ka mea a nā lawaiʻa e hoʻāʻo nei e hopu i nā kānaka nui loa (a ʻo kēia mau, he wahine. Maʻalahi loa ka hopu ʻia ʻana o kēia mau konohiki mālie. I kekahi manawa he holoholona lohi, aneane hiki ʻole ke hoʻokele, hāʻule ma lalo o nā lau o nā moku e neʻe nei.
Wahi a ke kūlana kūwaho, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka manō kohola ma ke ʻano he ʻano ʻane make (mai ka 2016, ua wehewehe ʻia ma mua he "palupalu"). A hiki i ka 2000, ua helu ʻia ke kūlana o nā holoholona ma ke ʻano he "kānalua", ʻoiai ʻaʻole lawa ka ʻike e pili ana i ka bio-species. Mai nā makahiki 90 o ke kenekulia i hala, ua pāpā ka nui o nā ʻāina i ka hopu ʻana i kēia iʻa.
Pale ka manō koholā
Kiʻi: Mō koholā
ʻOiai ka helu liʻiliʻi, ua loaʻa ka iʻa nunui i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka moʻomeheu o ka poʻe hikina. ʻO kahi laʻana, manaʻoʻiʻo nā lawaiʻa Kepanī a me Vietnamese i ka hui ʻana me kahi manō kohola - kahi akua kai maikaʻi - he hōʻailona maikaʻi. ʻOiai ke kumu o ka iʻa iʻa ke kumu o ka papaʻai no ka heluna kanaka o kēia mau ʻāina, ʻaʻole ʻai ka Kepani a me ka Vietnamese i ka ʻio manō kohola no ka meaʻai. He unuhi maoli ka inoa Vietnamese o kēia holoholona: "Master Fish".
He mea nui ka manō kohola no ka ʻoihana hoʻokipa. Kaulana nui nā huakaʻi ke hiki i nā mākaʻikaʻi ke nānā i kēia mau mea lohi mai ka moku. A ʻau aku kekahi mau ʻaʻa wiwo ʻole iā lākou me ka luʻu scuba. ʻO nā huakaʻi luʻu kai makemake nui ʻia ma Mekiko, Seychelles, Caribbean a me Maldives, Australia. ʻOiai, ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka nānā mai ka poʻe ʻaʻole hāʻawi i ka ulu o ka heluna kanaka o kēia mau iʻa, ka mea e emi a emi mai ana. Pono nā mākaʻikaʻi e waiho i ko lākou mamao mai iā lākou, ʻaʻole wale no nā kumu palekana, akā i mea hoʻi e hōʻino ʻole i ka papa mucous o waho e pale i ka ʻili o nā holoholona mai nā parasites liʻiliʻi. Ke hoʻāʻo nei e mālama i kēia mau manō i ka pio.
ʻO ka hoʻokolohua mua ka makahiki 1934. ʻAʻole i hoʻokau ʻia ka iʻa i loko o ka aquarium. Ua mālama ʻia kahi ʻāpana paʻa o ke kai kūʻono ma ke ʻano he hale kiaʻi nona (Nā Kepani Kepani. Noho nā iʻa no 122 mau lā. I ka manawa 1980-1996, ua mālama ʻia ka nui o kēia mau holoholona i pio i Iāpana - 16. No kēia mau mea, 2 mau wahine a me 14 mau kāne. ʻO ka Okinawa Oceanarium kahi home o kahi kāne 4,6-mika, ka nui o nā manō kohola pio, a ʻo nā iʻa i hopu ʻia ma kahi kokoke iā Okinawa e kau ʻia ana i ka ʻōpae kai (krill), ka heʻe liʻiliʻi a me nā iʻa liʻiliʻi.
Mai ka 2007, 2 mau manō (3.7 a me 4.5 m) i hopu ʻia ma kahi kokoke i Taiwan ma ka Georgia Atlanta Aquarium (USA). ʻO ka hiki o ka aquarium no kēia mau iʻa ma mua o 23.8 tausani m3. Ua make kekahi kanaka i mālama ʻia i loko o kēia aquarium i ka makahiki 2007. ʻO ka ʻike o nā ʻepekema Taiwanese i ka mālama ʻana i nā manō koholā i ke pio ʻana ʻaʻole i kūleʻa nui ʻia. Ua make ʻelua mau manō ma hope iki o ka waiho ʻia ʻana i loko o ka aquarium, a i ka 2005 wale nō i kūleʻa ai ka hoʻāʻo. I kēia lā, aia he 2 mau kohola kohola i ka Taiwan Aquarium. ʻO kekahi o lākou, he 4.2-mika wahine, nele i ka fin dorsal. I nā likelihood āpau, ua ʻeha ʻo ia mai nā lawaiʻa a i ʻole nā niho o kahi predator. Mai ke kauwela o 2008, ua mālama ʻia kahi hanana 4 mika i ka Dubai Oceanarium (ʻo ka nui o ka waihona wai he 11 tausani m3). Hānai ʻia ka iʻa me krill, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa kā lākou papaʻai mai ka "papa kuhikuhi" o nā koholā baleen.
Minamina, ke emi nei ka nui o nā mano kohola ma ka Honua. ʻO ke kumu nui ka ʻaihue ʻana, ʻoiai ka pāpā o ka lawaiʻa ʻana ma nā ʻāina he nui. Eia hou, ʻaʻole kēia wale nō ka nui loa, akā ʻo ka iʻa liʻiliʻi paha i aʻo ʻia ma ka honua. ʻO ka hapa nui o ko lākou ola he lōʻihi loa mai ke kahakai, no laila ke aʻo ʻana i kēia mau holoholona ke kumu o kekahi mau pilikia. Mano kohola pono kā mākou kōkua. ʻO ka ʻike i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia i ko lākou ʻano hana, nutritive a me biology kikoʻī e ʻae i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ana kūpono e mālama ai i kēia mau mea hanohano ma ke ʻano he biospecies.
Lā paʻi: 31.01.2019
Lā hou: 18.09.2019 ma 21:22
