Hale moe o ka nahele - nā mea hānai mammal mai ke kaʻina o nā rodents. Liʻiliʻi kēia mau holoholona uʻi a hiki i nā mākua ke komo maʻalahi i ka poho o ke kanaka. ʻO ka huelo fluffy lōʻihi, kahi e hiki ai i ka dormouse ke kaena, ke nānā aku iā lākou e like me ka squirrel, a me ka waihoʻoluʻu ʻokoʻa o ka hulu, mai ka melemele-ʻalani a i ka hina, ke ʻoliva, hoʻohui i kahi hiʻohiʻona nani i ka holoholona.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Ka hale moe nahele
ʻO ka ʻohana o sleepyheads he 28 mau ʻano a hiki i 9 genera. I ʻEulopa, hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka ʻāpana o ka mahele ʻana i ka ʻoka. Ma Asia a me Transcaucasia, noho ka dormouse i nā ululāʻau o nā ʻano like ʻole. ʻO ka palena komohana o ka nohona ka pali ʻākau o nā Alps. Ma ka moku ʻo ʻEulopa Hema, maʻamau kēia mau holoholona i ka Balkan Peninsula a ʻo kekahi hapa i Helene. A ma ka Penina Apennine, noho wale nā holoholona ma nā mauna Calabrian. ʻOiai ʻo ʻEulopa Hikina, noho ʻaneʻane piha nā hiamoe, koe wale nō ma ka ʻākau o Polani, a ma Ukraine ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa ma nā moku ʻo Crimea a me nā Kai ʻEleʻele.
Hoʻolahalaha ʻia ma nā panalāʻau o ka Repubalika Belarus. Loaʻa nā heluna liʻiliʻi ma Asia Minor, ka ʻĀkau o Pakistan, ʻIrana, Turkmenistan, Kina komohana, ʻĀkau o Afghanistan ʻO ka palena hikina o ka noho ʻano laha ka pali komohana o ka Mongolian Altai.
Ma nā panalāʻau o ka Lūkia Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻike ʻia ka moe moe nahele ma nā wahi Pskov, Novgorod, Tver, a ma ke komohana ʻākau hoʻi o ka moku ʻo Kirov a ma ka hema komohana o ka moku ʻo Volga.
Ma ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa o Lūkia, holo ka palena o ka pae ma ke kapa kūpono o ka muliwai Don. Loaʻa nā rodents i ka North Caucasus mai ke kahawai ʻo Kuban a hala i ka hema, e uhi ana i ka ʻāpana Caucasus holoʻokoʻa. Loaʻa i nā ululāʻau o Central Asia, Altai Hema, Hikina Hikina. I nā kuahiwi, hiki i ka dormouse ke piʻi aʻe i 3000 m, a hiki i ke kāʻei pōhaku.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Ka hale hiamoe holoholona
Ma waho, hiki i kēia mau holoholona liʻiliʻi ke huikau me kahi squirrel, a i ʻole ka vole iole. Hiki i ko lākou kino lōʻihi i 13 cm, ʻoiai ko lākou huelo e like me 17 cm, a ʻo kā lākou nui he 40 ka nui o kā lākou nui. Ua hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ka waha o ka moe a Sleepyhead, aia ʻo vibrissae ma luna ona - nā ʻumiʻumi koʻikoʻi. Me ke kōkua o lākou, ʻike nā holoholona i ka nohona. He mea lawe lima ʻo Vibrissae, he kuleana no ka ʻāpana puʻupuʻu ʻokoʻa. Hele pinepine lākou i 20% o ka lōʻihi o ke kino holoʻokoʻa.
Nui a ʻeleʻele nā maka, ʻālohilohi. Kūlike nā pepeiao i ka nui, poepoe. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā wāwae o ka hope i ka pili o nā mua. Loaʻa iā lākou nā manamana lima he 5, ʻo ka mea i mua o ka mua he 4. lahilahi nā wāwae a pōkole hoʻi. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne.
ʻAʻole lawelawe ka huelo pālahalaha i mea hoʻonaninani no ka holoholona, akā kōkua pū kekahi e mālama i ke kaulike ke neʻe i nā kalaunu o nā lāʻau. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka ʻili huelo me nā kīʻaha koko he nui, kahi e kōkua ai e hoʻoholo i ke ʻano o ka hiamoe. Ke noho mālie ka holoholona, kū ka ʻahu i kahi kūomi. Akā inā huhū a makaʻu paha ka dormouse, huli ka lāʻau o ka huelo i poni ʻulaʻula a lele ka hulu e like me ka pōpoki e ʻike ʻia he nui aku i kāna hoa paio.
Kōkua nā manamana lima maʻalahi i ka hiamoe o ka nahele me ka wiwo ʻole e piʻi i nā kumulāʻau, e pili ana i nā lālā lahilahi. Ma nā paws aia he 6 mau callus nui a kolohe. Ma luna aʻe, he kala hina hina ko ka holoholona, he ʻāpana ʻeleʻele e alakaʻi ʻia mai ka ihu a i ka pepeiao. He keʻokeʻo a he melemele māmā ka ʻaoʻao i lalo. He 20 mau niho o Sonya i kona waha.
Ma hea e noho ai ka hale moe nahele?
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka dormouse o ka nahele
ʻO ka koi nui o ka holoholona no ka wahi noho, he ululāʻau ululāʻau ia me ka papa o nā kumulāʻau a me ka ulu nui. I kekahi manawa noho ka dormouse i nā māla, nā ululāʻau huikau, nā wao nahele, noho lākou i nā glades, a me nā ululāʻau a me nā kuahiwi.
Noho kēia mau koʻokoʻo i nā lua, mai haʻalele i nā pūnana manu i haʻalele ʻia, a hiki nō hoʻi ke kūkulu i kā lākou ponoʻī. Hoʻohana nā holoholona i ka lāʻau ʻoka, moʻo, lau a me nā lālā liʻiliʻi i mea. Hoʻopili lākou i ko lākou pūnana me ka huluhulu a me lalo. Lawe nā Sleepyheads i 2-3 mau lā e kūkulu i kahi "hale". I kekahi manawa hiki iā lākou ke kipaku aku i kona poʻe noho mai ka hale manu a noho ma laila lākou iho. I ka manawa pinepine, noho nā holoholona i loko o nā nāhelehele, ʻoiai ʻo ke kākalaioa o nā mea kanu ʻaʻole hiki i ko lākou puʻuhonua ke hiki i nā mea he nui.
Ke hoʻomākaukau nei ʻo Sony e lilo i mau mākua, insulate me ka lokomaikaʻi i ko lākou mau pūnana, e hoʻopiha nei iā lākou me ka hulu, ma ka liʻiliʻi o ka hapalua. Kūkulu nā poʻe noho male ʻē aʻe i ko lākou mau hale me ka makaʻu ʻole, i kekahi manawa me ka ʻole o ka insulate ʻana iā lākou. I loko o ia mau puʻuhonua, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā rodents ma mua o 3-4 mau lā, e hoʻomaha ana i loko o lākou i ka lā. A laila e ʻimi nei lākou i home hou.
Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻaʻohe puka o ia mau hale. I ka lana mau o ka makaʻu, hiki i nā hiamoe hiamoe o ka nahele ke lele i waho o ka hale hoʻomalu ma waena o nā māwae. Ma ka pūnaewele kahi e noho ai hoʻokahi holoholona, aia a hiki i 8 mau hale like. ʻAʻole kēia ma muli wale o ka makemake e palekana, akā i ka hiki ke haʻalele i ka pūnana i kēlā me kēia manawa inā hele a haumia a lilo paha i nā parasites. I ka hoʻoilo, ʻeli nā mea hiamoe i nā lua ma kahi o 30 cm ka hohonu no lākou iho, ma lalo o nā aʻa a i ʻole nā puʻu o ka brushwood, i ʻole e paʻa ai ka papa i luna, a hibernate no 5 mau mahina.
He aha ka mea a ka dormouse nahele e ʻai ai?
Kiʻi: Ka hale moe ʻo Rodent
ʻOiai ʻo ka dormouse kahi holoholona nocturnal, i ka lā e hiamoe ai ʻo ia i kona puʻuhonua, a i ke ahiahi hele ʻo ia e ʻimi i nā meaʻai. ʻOkoʻa kā lākou meaʻai. ʻAʻole whimsical ka hiamoe i ka meaʻai.
ʻO kā lākou papaʻai:
- nā hua a me nā hua o nā kumu lāʻau, mea kanu, nāhelehele (hazelnuts, linden nut, rose hips, strawberry, blackberry, raspberries, acorns, hawthorn hua);
- mālama nā hiamoe hema i ka pāʻina ʻana ma nā ʻapelika, nā ʻāpala, nā plum, nā hua waina, nā hua ʻupu, nā melon a me nā ʻāpana;
- i ka wanaʻao, hānai ka dormouse i nā ʻōpuʻu, ka ʻili o nā wana o willow, cherry manu, aspen;
- mai hoʻowahāwahā i nā hua o nā hua me ka acid Hydrocyanic.
ʻOiai makemake nā holoholona i nā mea kanu mea ʻai, inā lākou e hele i ke ala me kahi pūnana manu me nā keiki keiki a hua manu paha, e ʻoliʻoli ka dormouse iā lākou. ʻAi lākou i nā mea kolo like ʻole, kā lākou larvae a me nā ilo, a me nā nīnū a me nā mollusc.
Mahalo i ko lākou lohe maikaʻi, hopu nā hiamoe i nā leo mālie loa o ka neʻe ʻana o nā mea kolo. Ke anuanu no kahi manawa e kuhikuhi i ke kumu o ke kani, loaʻa maʻalahi i ka holoholona a hopu i ka mea pio. Hiki i nā moʻo liʻiliʻi a i ʻole nā ʻole ʻē aʻe i kahi ʻaina awakea maikaʻi loa no kēia mau holoholona.
Kaukaʻi ʻia i ka nohona o nā holoholona, hiki i nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona ke lanakila i kā lākou papaʻai. No ka hoʻoilo, ʻo ka dormouse, ma ke ʻano he kumu, mai mālama i nā meaʻai, akā i kekahi manawa hiki iā lākou ke mālama i nā lua.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Ka hale moe nahele
ʻOiai ʻo nā ululāʻau a me nā kumulāʻau e manaʻo ʻia nā wahi punahele a dormouse, hiki ke loaʻa pū ʻia ia ma kahi pāka a māla paha. Koho kekahi mau holoholona i ke ʻano o ke ola ʻana i ka arboreal-terrestrial, a ʻo nā mea ʻāina ʻē wale wale nō. Noho ka mea mua i ka hapa nui o ko lākou ola i nā kumulāʻau. ʻO ka maʻamau maʻamau ka dormouse i ka pō wale nō, akā i ka wā o ka rutting, hiki ke loaʻa ka holoholona i ke ao. Alakaʻi lākou i kahi nohona laepua, noho lākou i loko o nā ʻohana wale nō i ka wā hānau.
Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu koʻikoʻi, hibernate dormouse. I kēia manawa, hōʻiliʻili lākou i kahi nui o nā momona subcutaneous, a no laila hiki ke lilo i ʻelua manawa ke kaumaha e ka hoʻoilo. Hoʻoemi nui ʻia ka mahana o ke kino i kahi noho hiamoe. Inā i ke kauwela i ka mokuʻāina hana a hiki i 38 C, a laila i ka manawa hibernation he 4-5 C, a ʻoi aku paha ka liʻiliʻi.
Inā i ka manawa o ko lākou ala ʻana ke paʻa nei ke anu, a laila hiki i ka holoholona ke hoʻi i kona lua a hiamoe hou aku. Ma hope koke o ka hibernation, hoʻomaka ka wā hānau a keʻimi nei nā hiamoe i nā hoa. Maʻemaʻe loa ʻo Sony. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻolilo i mau hola i ke kāhili ʻana i ka huluhulu, me ka nānā pono ʻana i nā lauoho o kēlā me kēia huelo. I ka nahelehele, hiki iā lākou ke ola i nā makahiki 6. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopaʻa wale iā lākou inā hopu ʻoe iā lākou me nā keiki. ʻAʻole makemake ʻo Sony e lawe ʻia me ko lākou mau lima lima.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Ka hale hiamoe holoholona
Noho pū ʻo Dormouse dormouse no kahi wā pōkole loa o ke ola. I ka puna, hoʻomaka nā pāʻani moena. Ala nā kāne mai ka hibernation ma mua o ka wahine a hoʻomaka i ka māka lāʻau. ʻAi nui lākou e hoʻihoʻi hou ma hope o ka hiamoe lōʻihi. Ma hope o hoʻokahi pule, kolo nō hoʻi nā wahine mai ka minks. I ka pō, hoʻopuka lākou i kahi ʻāwī nui, "kani" nā leo a waiho i ko lākou mau māka kokoke i nā māka o nā kāne.
I ka wā hānau, noho pālua lākou i ka pūnana like. Akā ma mua pono o ka hānau ʻana, kipaku ka wahine i ke kāne. ʻO kona hāpai ʻana ma kahi o 28 mau lā. Ma hope o kā lākou hala, hānau ʻia i 8 cubs. ʻO ke kumu, ʻo ka hua he 1 manawa i kēlā me kēia makahiki. I ka pō o ka hānau ʻana, lilo ka wahine i mea hoʻokele waiwai loa a hoʻoponopono mau i ka hale. Me ka nui o ka meaʻai, hiki i ka dormouse ke noho i hoʻokahi pūnana me nā ʻohana pū kekahi.
Hānau hānai ʻia nā hiamoe liʻiliʻi a makapō a i ka lā mua ke kaupaona lākou ma kahi o 2 g. ʻO kahi makuahine mālama me nā keiki i nā manawa āpau, hānai a hoʻomehana i nā keiki, e waiho nei no kahi manawa pōkole e hānai a pani i ka lua o ka pūnana. Inā nalowale kekahi o nā keiki, ʻike ka makuahine iā ia e ʻūlū a hoʻihoʻi iā ia.
I ka makahiki 2 o ka hebedoma, wehe ka maka o nā keiki i ko lākou mau maka a hiki koke iā lākou ke piʻi kūʻokoʻa i nā lālā lāʻau a loaʻa iā lākou ka meaʻai. I ka makahiki 45, kūʻokoʻa lākou a haʻalele i ka pūnana.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o ka hale moe o ka nahele
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka dormouse o ka nahele
ʻO ka ʻenemi nui o kēia mau koʻokoʻo ʻo ka pueo hina, kahi pueo waena. Hiki i ka lōʻihi o kona kino i 38 knm a me ke kaupaona a i 600 g. ʻO kona ʻēheu i 1 m, a hiki ke ʻano o ke kala mai ka hina a i ka ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ʻeleʻele eleele.
Uhi ʻia ke kino holoʻokoʻa i nā kiko ʻeleʻele a me nā kukui. ʻEleʻele nā maka. Noho kēia ʻano pueo i nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole, nā lau nahele deciduous a me nā coniferous, nā pāka a me nā māla. Mālama pinepine ia i nā lua, kahi e ola ai ia i nā makahiki he nui, e hoʻomaha ana i loko o lākou i ka hoʻoilo. Hiki iā ia ke noho i nā pūnana kahiko o nā mea ʻino, nā pule kūlohelohe. E like me ka dormouse o ka nahele, noho ka pueo tawny i nā wahi like a ala wale ma hope o ka napoʻo ʻana o ka lā.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Ka hale moe ʻo Rodent
Ma loko o kāna ʻāpana o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, hāʻawi ʻāpono ʻole ʻia ka waihona o ka dormouse nahele ma ka panalāʻau o ka USSR mua. Ma ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa, ma ka mahele o nā ululāʻau deciduous i hui ʻia (Belovezhie, Lūkini a me Belarusian reserves, jungle-steppe Ukraine), maʻamau ka helu, akā ma nā ʻōlelo maʻamau he liʻiliʻi ia.
Ma ka ʻākau hikina (Pskov, Tver, ka moku ʻo Volga, nā mokuʻāina ʻo Baltic) e emi a emi mai nei kēia ʻano dormouse. I kēia mau wahi, helu ʻia ka moe moe nahele i loko o ka Red Book a koi ʻia i ka nānā ʻana ma ke ʻano he ʻano nāwaliwali a ʻano ʻaneʻane pau ka make. Ma nā makahiki he 20 i hala aku nei o ka nānā ʻana o nā laha i ka biocenter o ke Kulanui ʻo Voronezh State, ua hōʻike ʻia he 1 wale nō hale moe nahele a me kekahi mau hale moe hazel i hopu ʻia ma 9 800 mau lā hei. I ka manawa like, i ka nānā ʻana i nā titmouses, ua loaʻa he 8 mau mākua a me 2 mau puaʻa o 6 mau holoholona ʻōpio.
ʻO ka helu o kēia mau holoholona ma nā ʻāina mauna - ka Carpathians, ka Caucasus, Transcaucasia, Codruh, Kopet-Dag, Central Asia - ʻaʻole ia he mea e hopohopo ai. ʻAʻole kūʻē nā holoholona dormouse ulu i nā kaiāulu kanaka. Noho lākou me ka ʻoluʻolu i nā māla, nā māla waina, ulu lāʻau walnut. Ma Moldova, nui ka nui o ka dormouse ma muli o nā kāʻei ulu lāʻau o apricot hihiu, nā mea kanu o ka acacia keʻokeʻo, caragana. Mai ia e hiki ai ke hoʻoholo ʻia he koi kūikawā ka pale nahele a me ka pale ʻana i ka ʻāina o nā ʻāina CIS ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau hikina o ka wahi noho.
Pale pale nahele dormouse
Kiʻi: Ka hale hiamoe holoholona
Ua helu ʻia nā ʻano moe moe o ka ululāʻau i loko o ka puke Red o nā wahi he nui ma Rukia - Kursk, Oryol, Tambov a me Lipetsk. Pale aku kēia ʻano o ka dormouse e ka Convention Vienna ma ka pae honua. Eia kekahi, ua helu ʻia ka moe moe nahele i ka papa inoa ʻulaʻula o IUCN, ma ke ʻano he ʻano e pono ai ke kaohi mau a me ka nānā ʻana.
ʻO nā kumu nui i ka nalo ʻana o kēia mau holoholona.
- nā hana ululāʻau, kahi i kēlā me kēia makahiki e luku ana i kahi nui o nā hale noho dormouse nahele;
- ke kanu ʻana i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā ululāʻau deciduous kiʻekiʻe loa;
- kahi hōʻemi nui ma kahi o nā kū kūlohelohe;
- hoʻoulu ulu ulu maikaʻi ʻole;
- ʻohiʻohi maikaʻi ʻole;
- hoʻemi i ka helu o nā kumu hollow kahiko.
ʻO ka ʻĀina Kūlohelohe ʻo Oksky ma ka Ryazan Region, ma Belarus, nā wahi i pale ʻia ʻo Berezinsky, Voronezh a me Khopersky e pale aku i nā wahi noho o ka nahele dormice a hōʻike i nā mea hou no kā lākou mālama ʻana, e pāpā ana i nā ʻano ulu ulu lāʻau āpau. Pale aku ʻo VGPBZ a me KhGPZ i nā laha a hana i nā hana e mālama ai i nā biocenoses nahele maoli.
ʻAʻole makemake ʻia nā mea aloha o kēia ʻano holoholona e hopu i ka hale moe nahele a hoʻihoʻi i ka home. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e lawe i kāu pēpē i nā hale kūʻai loea. ʻO ke kūʻai mua no ka holoholona he pā nui. Mai ʻae iā ia e hele wāwae a puni ka hale, inā ʻaʻole hale moe ululāʻau e holo ʻiʻo nō ma o ka slot mua i hiki mai.
Lā paʻi: 28.01.2019
Lā hou: 16.09.2019 ma 22:23
