He kino lokomaikaʻi, he helehelena minoʻaka, he hoihoi nui loa no ke kanaka a me kahi ʻano leʻaleʻa - ʻae, ʻo ia wale nō ʻōmole puʻupuʻu... Dolphin, e like me ka maʻa mau o ke kāhea ʻana i kēia māmala noʻonoʻo. Me kahi kanaka, hoʻomohala ʻo ia i nā pilina hoalauna maikaʻi loa. I kēia lā, aia nā dolphinarium i kēlā me kēia kaona kahakai, kahi e hiki ai i kēlā me kēia mea ke hoʻokō i kā lākou moemoeā o ka ʻauʻau ʻana me nā dolphins ma ke kumu kūʻai kūpono. Akā nani a maikaʻi ʻole ka dolphin bottlenose?
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Afalina
He mea hoihoi loa ke poʻomanaʻo o ke kumu o nā māmela kai. Pehea ka hopena o kēia mau holoholona i ke kai hohonu? ʻAʻole maʻalahi e pane i kēia nīnau, akā nui nā manaʻo e pili ana i ka hanana o kēia hanana. Hoʻomoʻa lākou āpau i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o nā kūpuna hoofed, e hānai ana i ka iʻa, lilo i ka manawa nui i ka wai i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai. Ma ka liʻuliʻu, ua hoʻomaka a loli ko lākou kino hanu a me ke kino. Pēlā e ʻike ai nā koholā kahiko (archeocetes), nā koholā baleen (mystacocetes), a me nā koholā niho (odonocetes).
Ua kupu mai nā moʻo kai o kēia au mai kahi hui o nā koholā ma ka wā kahiko i kapa ʻia ʻo Squalodontidae. Noho lākou i ka wā ʻo Oligocene, akā i ka wā Miocene hou aʻe, ma kahi o 20 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei, 4 mau ʻohana i puka aʻe mai kēia hui, aia a hiki i kēia lā. Aia ma waena o lākou nā muliwai muliwai a me ke kai me ʻekolu o ko lākou mau ʻohana ʻohana.
ʻO nā ʻano o nā dolphins bottlenose a i ʻole bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) no loko mai o ka genus Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops), ka ʻohana Dolphin. He holoholona nui kēia, 2.3-3 ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi, hiki i kekahi poʻe i 3.6 m, akā kākaʻikahi loa. ʻOkoʻa ke kaumaha o nā dolphine bottlenose mai 150 kg a i 300 kg. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o nā dolphins kahi "nuku" i hoʻomohala ʻia ma kahi poʻo lōʻihi, ʻaneʻane 60 cm.
Hāʻawi ka paona momona mānoanoa o ke kino o ka dolphin iā ia me ka hoʻoweliweli wela, akā ʻaʻohe o kēia mau māmela i nā glands hou. ʻO ia ke kumu e kuleana ai nā ʻino no ka hana o ka hoʻololi wela me ka wai: dorsal, pectoral a me caudal. ʻO nā wili o kahi dolphin i hoʻolei ʻia i uka me ka wikiwiki loa e wela a, inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e kōkua iā ia, e hoʻowali iā lākou, a laila e hoʻopau wale lākou i ka hana.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Dolphin bottlenose dolphin
ʻO ke kino o nā ʻōmole bottlenose ʻeleʻele hohonu ma luna, a ʻoi aku ka māmā ma lalo: mai ka hina a kokoke i keʻokeʻo. Kiʻekiʻena ka fin dorsal, ma ke kumu e hoʻonui ākea ia, a ma ka hope he ʻokiʻoki kohu ʻano crescent kona. He ākea ke kumu o nā fector pectoral, a laila hoʻopili i ka piko ʻoi. ʻOi aku ka mānoanoa a ʻoi aku nā kihi o ka lau o mua, a ʻo ka ʻaoʻao hope, ma ka ʻaoʻao, ʻoi aku ka lahilahi a ʻoi aʻe ka concave. ʻO ka Dolphin bottlenose dolphins kahi ʻano ʻē o ke kala. Māhele ʻia lākou i ʻelua hui. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka mea mua e ka laina moakāka ma waena o ka ʻaoʻao pouli o ka dorsum a me ka ʻōpū māmā, a kokoke i ka fin dorsal he triangle māmā ko lākou, a ʻo ka piko i kuhikuhi ʻia i ka pahu.
ʻAʻohe o ka pūʻulu ʻē aʻe i ka palena ma waena o ka mālamalama a me ka wahi pouli. ʻO ka waihoʻoluʻu ʻana i kēia ʻāpana o ke kino i blurred, he hele mālie mai ka pouli a i ka mālam, a ʻaʻohe triangle kukui ma ke kumu o ka fin dorsal. I kekahi manawa he palena zigzag ka hoʻololi. Nui nā ʻāpana o nā dolphine bottlenose, ʻike ʻia lākou ma ke kumu o ko lākou wahi noho a me kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano o ke kino a i ʻole ke kala, e like me ka hihia o ke Kai ʻEleʻele:
- ʻO ka dolphin bottlenose maʻamau (T.t. truncatus, 1821);
- Dolphin bottlenose Kai ʻEleʻele (T.t.ponticus, 1940);
- ʻO Dolphin bottlenose hikina hikina (T.t.gilli, 1873).
ʻO ka dolphin bottlenose India (T.t.aduncus) - manaʻo kekahi mau ʻepekema he ʻano ʻokoʻa ia, no ka mea he nui nā niho o nā niho (28 ma kahi o 19-24x). ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ka iwi ā lalo o nā dolphins bottlenose ma mua o ka mea kiʻekiʻe. Nui nā niho i ka waha o ka iʻa: mai 19 a 28 mau pālua. Ma ka iwi ā lalo, he 2-3 mau hui i emi iho o lākou. ʻO kēlā me kēia niho kahi kēpau ʻoiʻoi, 6-10 mm ka mānoanoa. He mea hoihoi nō hoʻi kahi o nā niho, hoʻonoho ʻia lākou i mea i loaʻa ai nā wahi kaʻawale ma waena o lākou. Ke pani ka iwi ā, hoʻopiha nā niho o lalo i nā ākea o luna, a ʻo ka hope.
Hoʻopiʻi ka naʻau o ka holoholona i ka awelika o 100 mau manawa i kēlā me kēia minuke. Eia nō naʻe, me ka hoʻoikaika kino nui, hāʻawi ia i nā hahau he 140, ʻoiai me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka wikiwiki ʻoi loa. Aia ma ka liʻiliʻi he 40 km / h o ka dolphin bottlenose, a hiki iā lākou ke lele i 5 m mai ka wai.
ʻO nā hāmeʻa leo o ka dolphin bottlenose kekahi mea kupaianaha ʻē aʻe. Nā ʻeke ʻeke (aia he 3 pālua i ka huina), hoʻohui ʻia e nā ihu ihu, e ʻae i kēia mau māmela e hana i nā kani like ʻole me ke alapine o 7 a 20 kHz. I kēia ala, hiki iā lākou ke kamaʻilio me nā ʻohana.
Ma hea e noho ai ka dolphin bottlenose?
Kiʻi: Dolphin bottlenose kaiʻeleʻele
ʻIke ʻia nā nūnū bottlenose ma ka ʻaneʻane o nā wai mehana o nā moana o ka honua, a me nā wai mehana. I nā wai o ka ʻAkelanika, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou mai nā palena hema o Greenland a i Uruguay a me ʻApelika Hema. I ke kai kūloko: ʻo ka Black, Baltic, Caribbean a me ke Kaiwaenahonua, ʻike ʻia nā dolphins i ka nui.
Uhi lākou i ke Kai ʻInikia e hoʻomaka ana mai ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau, me ke Kaiʻula, a laila hele aku ka palena o ka hema i Australia Hema. ʻO ko lākou heluna kanaka mai Iapana a Argentina i ka Moana Pākīpika, ʻoiai e hopu ana i ka mokuʻāina ʻo Oregon a Tasmania ponoʻī.
He aha ka ʻai a ka dolphin bottlenose?
Kiʻi: Botlenose dolphins
ʻO nā iʻa o nā ʻanoʻano like ʻole ka mea nui o nā ʻōmole bottlenose. He poʻe ʻimi manu kai maikaʻi loa lākou a hoʻohana i nā ʻano hana like ʻole e hopu i kā lākou mea pio. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, pono i nā mākua ke ʻai i 8-15 kg o ka meaʻai ola i kēlā me kēia lā.
ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻimi nā dolphins i kahi ʻāpana iʻa holoʻokoʻa i alakaʻi i ke ʻano o ke ao.
- hamsu;
- mullet;
- heleuma;
- he pahu kani;
- umbrine, etc.
Inā lawa ka iʻa, ʻimi wale nā dolphins bottlenose i ka lā wale nō. Ke emi ka nui o nā meaʻai hiki, hoʻomaka nā holoholona e ʻimi i ka meaʻai kokoke i ka moana kai. I ka pō, hoʻololi lākou i nā hana.
Hōʻuluʻulu nā dolphine bottlenose i nā hui liʻiliʻi e ʻimi ai i nā kamaʻāina ʻē aʻe o ke kai hohonu.
- ʻōpae;
- ʻino kai;
- uila kukuna;
- ʻōhumu;
- kekahi ʻano manō;
- heʻe;
- huehue;
- pūpū.
Alakaʻi lākou i kahi nohona hana i ka pō, a pono nā dolphins bottlenose e hoʻomaʻa i kā lākou biorhythms i mea e lawa ai. Hauʻoli nā Dolphins e kōkua kekahi i kekahi. Kūkākūkā lākou a kuni i nā hōʻailona kūikawā, ʻaʻole ʻae i ka mea pio e hūnā, hoʻopuni iā ia mai nā ʻaoʻao āpau. Hoʻohana pū kekahi kēia mau mea ʻepekema i kā lākou mau beep e huikau i ka poʻe i loaʻa.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Dolphin bottlenose kai ʻeleʻele
ʻO nā dolphose bottlenose he poʻe pili i ke ola paʻa, i kekahi manawa hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā pūʻulu nomadic o kēia mau holoholona. Koho pinepine lākou i nā wahi kai. Maopopo kahi e hiki ai iā lākou ke loaʻa hou ka hānai! No ka lalo o ke ʻano o kā lākou meaʻai, maikaʻi lākou i ka luʻu. I ke Kai ʻEleʻele, pono lākou e kiʻi i ka meaʻai mai kahi hohonu a hiki i 90 m, a ma ke Kaiwaenahonua, hoʻonui kēia mau palena i 150 m.
Wahi a kekahi mau hōʻike, hiki i nā dolphose bottlenose ke luʻu i ka hohonu hohonu ma ke kahawai ʻo Guinea: a i 400-500 m. Akā ʻoi aku kēia i kahi ʻokoʻa ma mua o kahi kānāwai. Akā maʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ua mālama ʻia kahi hoʻokolohua, kahi i hoʻomaka ai ka luʻu ʻana e luʻu i ka 300 m. Ua lawe ʻia kēia hoʻokolohua ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o kekahi o nā papahana a ka Navy, he manawa nui ka manawa e loaʻa nā hopena.
I ka wā o ka hahai holoholona, neʻe ka dolphin i loko o nā jerks, pinepine i ka huli pinepine. I ka manawa like, paʻa ʻo ia i kona hanu no ka liʻiliʻi o kekahi mau minuke, a ʻo kāna hoʻomaha hanu nui loa ma kahi o ka hapahā o ka hola. I ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana, ʻokoʻa ka hanu ʻana o ka dolphin, pono ʻo ia e inhale mai 1 a 4 mau manawa i ka minuke, ʻoiai ia e hemo mua ana, a laila hanu koke. I ka wā o ka heihei no ka mea pio, ʻāwī lākou a hoʻokuʻu aku i kekahi mea e like me ka hae ʻana. Ke piha ka meaʻai, hōʻailona lākou i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe e hānai me ka leo nui ʻana. Inā makemake lākou e hoʻoweliweli i kekahi o kā lākou iho, hiki iā ʻoe ke lohe i ka paʻipaʻi ʻana. E hoʻokele i ka ʻāina a i ʻole ʻimi i nā meaʻai, hoʻohana nā dolphins bottlenose i nā kaomi echolocation, e like me ka ʻehaʻeha me ke aniani o nā hinge puka unlubricated.
Hana nui nā Dolphins i ka lā. I ka pō, hiamoe lākou ma kahi o ka wai, e hāmama pinepine ana i ko lākou mau maka no ʻelua kekona a pani hou iā lākou no 30-40 kekona. Haʻalele lākou i kā lākou huelo e kau ana. Nāwaliwali, hahau ʻole o ka fin ma luna o ka wai e pahu i ke kino mai ka wai no ka hanu ʻana. ʻAʻole hiki i kahi kamaʻāina o ka wai e hiamoe me ke kani ʻole. A ua hōʻoia ke kūlohelohe e hiamoe nā lolo hemispheres o ka dolphin! ʻIke ʻia nā Dolphins no ko lākou aloha i ka leʻaleʻa. I ke pio ʻana, hoʻomaka lākou i nā pāʻani: hoʻohenehene kekahi keiki i kekahi me kahi mea pāʻani, a hopu ʻo ia iā ia. A i ka nahelehele, makemake lākou e holo i ka nalu i hana ʻia e ke kakaka o ka moku.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Afalina
Ua hoʻomohala nui nā Dolphins i nā pilina pili kaiaulu. Noho lākou i nā hipa nui, kahi e pili ai kēlā me kēia. Ua hiki koke lākou i kēlā me kēia e hoʻopakele, a ʻaʻole wale i ka alualu ʻana i ka mea pio, akā i nā kūlana weliweli hoʻi. ʻAʻole ia he mea maʻamau - nā hihia i ka wā i luku ʻia ai kahi ʻalā o nā nalu i kahi manō tiger, nāna i ʻaʻa e hoʻouka i kahi dolphin bottlenose pēpē. Hana ʻia kekahi e nā dolphins e hoʻopakele i ka poʻe e make ana. Akā ʻaʻole lākou e hana i kēia ma muli o nā kumu hanohano, akā ʻo ke kuhihewa paha, ke kuhi hewa ʻana i kekahi kanaka no ka hoahānau.
ʻO ka hiki o nā bottlenose dolphins e kamaʻilio ua lōʻihi ka pīhoihoi o ka ʻepekema, no laila ua nui nā noiʻi i ʻike ʻia i kēia ala. Kupaianaha wale nā hopena a lākou. ʻO nā dolphins bottlenose, ʻoiai he ʻano ko ka poʻe, a hiki nō hoʻi ke "maikaʻi" a me ka "ʻino"!
ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻaʻole i wehewehe ʻia ka pāʻani leʻaleʻa o ke kiola ʻana i kahi dolphin pēpē mai ka wai e nā kānaka noiʻi mai ka ʻaoʻao maikaʻi loa. No laila ua luku ʻia nā dolphine bottlenose makua i kahi pēpē mai kahi ʻohana ʻē. ʻO ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana o ka cub i ola i kēlā mau "pāʻani" i hōʻike i nā haki he nui a me nā ʻeha nui. Ke alualu ʻana i ka wahine i ka wā o "pāʻani moena" i kekahi manawa ke nānā kaumaha. ʻO ka hiʻona me ke komo ʻana o nā kāne kaua e like me ka hana ʻino. Ma waho aʻe o ka "honi ʻana" a me ka lawe ʻana i nā poses haʻaheo, nahu lākou i ka wahine a ʻū. Hoʻāʻo nā wahine e hoʻolauna me kekahi mau kāne i ka manawa hoʻokahi, akā ʻaʻole no ka moekolohe, akā no laila e noʻonoʻo lākou āpau i ka pēpē i hānau ʻia e like me kā lākou iho a mai hoʻāʻo e hoʻopau iā ia.
ʻO ka wā hānau no nā ʻōmole bottlenose i ka puna a me ke kauwela. Ua oʻo i ka wahine i ka moekolohe ke hōʻea ʻo ia i kahi nui ma mua o 220 cm. Ma hope o kekahi mau pule o ka rutting, ma ke ʻano he kūlana, hāpai ka hapai ma 12 mau mahina. I nā wahine hāpai, hoʻoneʻe ka neʻe ʻana, i ka hopena o ka manawa ua kūleʻa lākou a ʻaʻole pili aloha. ʻO ka hānau hānau ʻana mai kekahi mau minuke a i kekahi mau hola. Puka mua ka hua i ka huelo, haki maʻalahi ka umbilical cord. ʻO ke keiki hānau hou, kaomi ʻia e ka makuahine a me 1-2 mau wahine hou i ka papa, lawe i kona hanu mua i kona ola. I kēia manawa, uhi maoli kahi hauʻoli i ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa. Nānā koke ka cub i ka piko a hānai i ka waiū o ka makuahine i kēlā me kēia hapalua hola.
ʻAʻole haʻalele ka pēpē i ka makuahine no kekahi mau pule mua. Ma hope e hana ʻo ia ia me ka ʻole o nā ālaina. Eia nō naʻe, e hoʻomau ka hānai ʻana i ka waiū ma kahi o 20 mau mahina hou aku. ʻOiai hiki i nā dolphins ke ʻai i ka meaʻai paʻa ma mua o 3-6 mau mahina, e like me ka hopena i ke pio ʻana. Hana ʻia ke ʻano makua i ka makahiki o 5-7 mau makahiki.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o ka dolphin bottlenose
Kiʻi: Dolphin bottlenose dolphin
ʻOiai ʻo nā holoholona akamai a nui hoʻi e like me nā dolphins hiki ʻole ke noho me ka maluhia. Ke kali nei nā mea weliweli he nui no ke kai. Eia kekahi, ʻo kēia mau "pōpilikia" ʻaʻole mau he predators nui! ʻImi ʻia nā ʻāpana ʻōpio ʻōpio a nāwaliwali hoʻi e nā manō katran, kahi liʻiliʻi o lākou. ʻO ka ʻōlelo koʻikoʻi, ʻoi aku ka weliweli o nā mea konohiki nui. Hiki i nā manō Tigā a me nā manō keʻokeʻo nui ke hoʻouka i ka dolphin bottlenose me ka ʻole o ka lunamanaʻo, a me ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe e puka lanakila lākou mai ke kaua. ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki a me ka wikiwiki o ka dolphin ma mua o kahi manō, i kekahi manawa hana nui ka nui.
ʻAʻole hiki i ka manō ke hoʻouka i ka pūʻulu o nā mea mammal, no ka mea, hōʻoiaʻiʻo kēia i ka make o kahi mea ʻino. ʻO Dolphins, e like me ka ola kai ʻole ʻē aʻe, hiki ke hōʻuluʻulu i kahi pilikia. Ma ka lalo loa, hiki i nā dolphose bottlenose ke moe i ke kali no ka weliweli. Hiki i ke stingray stingray me kona kākalaioa ke hou pinepine i ka māmala, e ʻoki ana i ka ʻōpū, akemāmā, a pēlā e hāʻawi ai i kona make. Hoʻopilikia ka lāhui dolphin i nā pōʻino koʻikoʻi mai nā pōpilikia kūlohelohe: nā hau hau ʻino a i ʻole nā ʻino nui. Akā ua ʻeha hou lākou i ke kanaka. Kū pololei - mai nā poachers, a me ʻole - mai ka hoʻohaumia o nā moana me nā ʻōpala a me nā huahana aila.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Dolphin bottlenose kai ʻeleʻele
ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka helu kikoʻī o nā kānaka, akā loaʻa ka ʻike i ka helu o kekahi heluna kanaka.
- Ma ka ʻaoʻao komohana komohana o ka Moana Pākīpika, a ma loko o ka wai o Iapana - aia ko lākou helu ma kahi o 67,000;
- ʻO ke kai kūʻono o Mekiko a hiki i 35,000 mau ʻōpelu bottlenose;
- Hoʻohanohano ke Kaiwaenahonua i kahi helu o 10,000;
- Ma waho o ke kahakai o ka ʻAkelanika ʻAkau - 11,700 mau kānaka;
- Aia ma kahi o 7,000 mau dolphins i ke Kai ʻEleʻele.
I kēlā me kēia makahiki he mau kaukani mau dolphins e luku ʻia e nā hana a ke kanaka: ʻupena, pana ʻana, a me ka ʻili ʻana i ka wā e hānau keiki. Komo nā mea ʻino e hoʻohaumia i nā wai o nā moana i nā kiko o nā holoholona, e hōʻiliʻili ma laila a hoʻonāukiuki i nā maʻi he nui a ʻo ka mea nui, nā hāʻule ʻole o nā wahine. Hiki i kahi kiʻi ʻoniʻoni i ninini ʻia ke pale i ka hanu ʻana o nā dolphose bottlenose, kahi e make ai lākou i kahi make ʻeha.
ʻO kekahi pilikia i hana ʻia e ke kanaka, ʻo ia ka walaʻau mau. Ke kū nei mai ka neʻe ʻana o nā moku, ʻo ka pale o ka leo e pālahalaha ma kahi mamao loa a hoʻopīpī i ka kamaʻilio ʻana o nā dolphine bottlenose a me ko lākou kū i ka lewa. Hoʻopilikia kēia i ka hana meaʻai maʻamau a kumu pū kekahi i nā maʻi.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ke kūlana mālama o ka ʻōmole bottlenose ʻo LC, e hōʻike ana ʻaʻohe hopohopo no ka heluna bottlenose. ʻO nā mea kōkua wale nō e hāpai i ia ʻano hopohopo ʻo ia nā ʻōiwi bottlenose Sea ʻEleʻele. Hoʻokomo ʻia lākou i loko o ka Red Book of Russia a loaʻa iā lākou ka mahele ʻekolu. Ua pāpā ʻia ka hopu ʻana i nā dolphins mai ka makahiki 1966. ʻO kēia mau holoholona akamai me ka ʻakaʻaka wiwo ʻole (ʻo ka mea huna i loko o nā waihona momona ma nā papalina) pohihihi loa. Hoʻokūhoihoi ko lākou hiki a me ka hana maʻamau ʻole no ke ola kai. Mahalo i nā dolphins bottlenose i loko o ka aquarium, hiki iā ʻoe ke kiʻi i ka leʻaleʻa nani mai kā lākou noʻonoʻo. Eia naʻe ʻōmole puʻupuʻu pono i ke kai ākea, mehana a maʻemaʻe hoʻi, i mālama ʻia a hoʻonui ʻia nā helu.
Lā paʻi: 31.01.2019
Lā hou: 09/16/2019 ma 21:20
