ʻ .lio ʻīlio Maned He holoholona ʻaihue mai ka genus o nā canids. I kēia manawa ua manaʻo ʻia he weli kūʻokoʻa kēlā me kēia ʻano ʻoliʻoli o kona ʻano a hoihoi loa ma muli o kona ʻano ʻokoʻa. Ua like loa ka ʻīlio hae hae me ka ʻalopeke ʻulaʻula me nā wāwae wīwī a lōʻihi loa. ʻO guara hoʻi, wolf maned, aguarachay, ka mea i unuhi ʻia mai Greek mai i ka Lūkini ʻo ia hoʻi "he ʻīlio me ka huelo gula pokole."
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Ma waho aʻe o ka mea nui o nā ʻano like i ka helehelena ma waena o ka ʻalopeke a me ka ʻīlio hae maned, ʻaʻohe o lākou mea like ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole lākou he pili koko. Ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻepekema ʻo ka nui o ke aʻa, no loko mai o nā canine ʻAmelika Hema i kū lōʻihi, i noho i ka wā Pleistocene (pau 11.8 tausani makahiki i hala).
Video: Pōlūlū kāne maned
E like me ka mea i hōʻike mua ʻia, hele mai ka aguarachay mai ka ʻohana canine, kahi e hoʻohui i nā predators o ka nui a i ʻole ka nui waena. ʻO ke kumu, ke lōʻihi o ke kino i nā lunamakaʻā o kēia genus i 170 kenimika. ʻO ka hulu mānoanoa, ka huelo lōʻihi, nā māiʻuʻu māmā, nā pepeiao kū, ke poʻo lōʻihi ke ʻano nui o kā lākou genus. Eia kekahi, he ʻelima mau manamana wāwae o ko lākou alo i mua, akā he 4 wale nō ma nā kapuwaʻi hope. He ʻano hoʻomohala maikaʻi ko lākou, ka lohe, ka ʻike. Hiki ke holo i ka wikiwiki o 60 - 70 km / h.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Pōlio ʻaneʻi
ʻOkoʻa ia mai kona ʻohana ma kona ʻano like me ka ʻalopeke. He wāwae lōʻihi a wīwī hoʻi kona. Heʻuʻuku ka lōʻihi o ke kino (ma kahi o 140 cm), ke kaumaha ma kahi o 25 kg. He 42 ona niho, e like me nā ʻīlio hihiu a pau. Waihoʻoluʻu laulā: ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula-melemele. Aia nā lauoho lōʻihi i waenakonu o ke kua a kokoke i ka hope o ka ʻāʻī. Hiki i ko lākou kala ke ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele hoʻi. ʻEleʻele nā wāwae o lalo. Lōʻihi ka muʻu a me nā malu ʻeleʻele.
ʻO ka huelo lōʻihi fluffy e melemele pinepine i ke kala. ʻOi aku ka palupalu o ka pale ma mua o ka ʻīlio maʻamau. Pololei a pepeiao nā pepeiao, a liʻiliʻi nā maka me nā haumāna puni. Kūlike ʻole ke kiʻi o kēia ʻīlio hae. ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i nā pilau like ʻole a me ka hoʻolohe ʻana ma guara ke hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻike.
ʻO kona helehelena lōʻihi a wīwī nā wāwae. Kōkua lākou e hele wāwae i nā wahi me ka mauʻu kiʻekiʻe loa. Wahi a nā ʻepekema, ua lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o nā wāwae i ke kaʻina o ka evolution, ke hoʻololi nā holoholona i ko lākou wahi hou.
Akā ʻaʻole hiki i ka wikiwiki holo o nā guar ke kaena. Nīnau ʻoe no ke aha, no ka mea, he lōʻihi kona mau wāwae? ʻO ke kumu o ka liʻiliʻi o ka ikaika o ka māmā, kahi e pale ai i ka holoholona mai ka holo wikiwiki loa. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke ola o kahi guar ma kahi o 17 mau makahiki, akā i ke pio ʻana, hiki i ka holoholona ke make a hiki i ka makahiki 12. Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau hihia i hiki ke ola i 15 mau makahiki.
Ma hea e noho ai ka ʻīlio hae hae?
Kiʻi: Pōlio hihiu holoholona
Hiki ke loaʻa ka ʻīlio hae hae ma nā ʻāina ʻo ʻAmelika Hema, ma ka mokuʻāina ʻo Mato Gosu, Northern Paraguay, ma ka waena a me ka ʻākau hikina o Brazil, a me ka hikina o Bolivia. He mea maʻa mau ia ma Argentina. Hoʻohālikelike hou ka ʻīlio hae i nā aniau pakaha. ʻAʻole noho nā wola o kēia ʻano i ke kuahiwi.
ʻO nā wahi nui kahi e ola ai ka holoholona a i ʻole hiki ke loaʻa:
- Nā kihi nahele;
- Nā wahi me ka mauʻu kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole nā nāhelehele;
- Pampas;
- Nā wahi pālahalaha;
- ʻO nā kauhale o nā kahawai, i ulu nui ʻia me nā mea kanu.
He aha ka mea e ʻai ai ka ʻīlio hae?
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka ʻīlio hae hae
No ke ala o ka ʻai ʻana i ka meaʻai, omnivorous ka ʻīlio hae. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo "omnivorous", "ʻai i nā ʻano meaʻai like ʻole." Mai kēia mea hiki iā mākou ke hoʻoholo i nā holoholona me kēia ʻano papaʻai hiki ke ʻai i ka meaʻai ʻaʻole wale no nā mea kanu i ulu mai, akā no nā kumu holoholona hoʻi, a me nā kupapaʻu (nā koena make o nā holoholona a me nā mea kanu). Loaʻa nā mea maikaʻi o kēia, no ka mea ʻaʻole make paha kēlā mau holoholona i ka pōloli, no ka mea hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa ka meaʻai na lākou ma kēlā me kēia wahi.
ʻO ke kumu o ka papaʻai o kēia ʻīlio hae nā meaʻai o nā holoholona ʻelua a me nā mea kanu. I nā manawa pinepine, he mau holoholona liʻiliʻi kēia e like me ka nananana, nā nūnū, nā mea kolo like ʻole, nā hare, nā mehe, nā manu a me nā hua a lākou, nā armadillos, a me nāʻiole. I kekahi manawa hiki ke hoʻouka i nā holoholona kūloko (keiki hipa, moa, puaʻa). ʻAʻole i hōʻeha ʻia ka poʻe. Eia kekahi, makemake ʻo ia e ʻahaʻaina i nā hua ʻono like ʻole, ka maiʻa, nā aʻa a i ʻole nā kūpuna o nā mea kanu, guava, mea kanu mea kanu, nā lau. ʻO ka maiʻa kā lākou hua punahele. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻai ma mua o 1.5 kilogram o ka maiʻa i ka lā hoʻokahi!
Inā he kahawai kokoke, hiki i ka ʻīlio hae ke hopu i nā iʻa like ʻole a me nā mea kolo. ʻAʻole makemake e kaʻana like i ka meaʻai. ʻAʻole ʻai ka ʻīlio hae maned i ka ʻai make, ʻaʻole like me nā omnivores ʻē aʻe. ʻO kahi mea ʻai nui o ka ʻīlio hae maned kahi mea kanu mai ka genus nightshade, kahi mea e kōkua ai e luku i kahi ʻenemi parasite nunui i loko o nā ʻōpū o ka holoholona, i ʻike ʻia ʻo ka paila. ʻIke ʻia hiki i nā ʻenuhe mākua ke piʻi i 2 mau mika ka lōʻihi. He holoholona hoʻoweliweli lākou.
Ma mua o ka hopu ʻana i ka mea pio, kipaku ka ʻīlio hae iā ia i loko o kahi kihi, a i ʻole ka piʻina ʻana o kona mau wāwae a lele kūʻē wale iā ia. I nā manawa pinepine, inā noho ʻo ia ma kahi kokoke i nā mahiʻai, ʻaihue ʻo ia i ka meaʻai. He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻaʻole lawa ka hoʻomohala ʻia o kona mau puʻupuʻu waha, no laila, pinepine ʻo ia e ale i ka ʻai āpau. Mai kēia mea hiki iā mākou ke hoʻopau i ke kumu o ka hahai ʻole ʻana o ka ʻīlio hae maned i nā mea pio nui.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Aguarachay
ʻO ke ʻano a me ke ʻano o ka wolf maned ʻaʻole i lawa ka aʻo ʻia e nā ʻepekema. Akā he ʻoiaʻiʻo maoli kekahi o lākou. I ka manaʻo o ka poʻe he nui, he holoholona ʻino loa ka ʻīlio hae. Akā i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole ʻoiaʻiʻo kēia. ʻO ke ʻano o ka ʻīlio hae maned, he mālie, kaulike, akahele. ʻAʻole ia e hoʻouka i ka poʻe, akā i ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe e hoʻāʻo i nā ala āpau āpau e kiʻi ʻole i ko lākou maka. I ke ʻano o ka ʻīlio hae, ʻike ʻia nā ʻano o ke ʻano o ka ʻalopeke - maʻalea, hoʻopunipuni. ʻIke maopopo ʻia kēia ʻano ke ʻaihue kahi ʻīlio hae i kā lākou mahiʻai mai nā mahiʻai.
A ʻo kekahi hiʻohiʻona nui loa ka kūpaʻa. Noho wale ka ʻīlio hae me hoʻokahi wahine i kona ola holoʻokoʻa. Eia kekahi, aloha lākou i ke kūʻokoʻa. Hōʻoia kēia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole lākou i loko o nā pūʻolo, no ka mea ʻo ka makemake mua na lākou. Ke huhū a huhū paha kekahi holoholona, kū ka mane ma kona ʻāʻī. Hāʻawi ia i ka holoholona i kahi hiʻohiʻona weliweli.
ʻOi aku ka hoihoi o ka nohona o nā ʻīlio hihiu maned - i ka lā a lākou e hiamoe ai, hoʻomaha, hoʻomaha i ka lā, pāʻani, a i ke ahiahi a i ʻole i ka pō e ʻimi holoholona lākou. Noho kaʻawale lākou, ʻaʻole no ka ʻohana hipa. ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hana a nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine.
Huli a hoʻomaha ʻokoʻa nā wahine a me nā kāne kekahi i kekahi. I ka wā moekolohe wale nō lākou e noho nui ai. Kamaʻilio pinepine nā ʻīlio hae me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā leo kikoʻī.
Eia kekahi o lākou:
- ʻIng ʻana ka puʻu nui - hōʻike i ka napoʻo ʻana o ka lā;
- Uē loloa loloa - kamaʻilio me kekahi ma kahi lōʻihi loa;
- ʻŌhumu puʻupuʻu - hoʻoweliweli aku i nā ʻenemi;
- Snorting - ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo no ka weliweli;
- Auwau hoʻokahi - e hoʻopili mau ma nā wahi pōkole.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: nā ʻīlio hae Maned
E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, noho nā ʻīlio hae kāne kāne me hoʻokahi wahine i loko o ko lākou ola, ʻokoʻa i nā holoholona ʻē aʻe. Noho ka wahine ma kahi o 30 mau mika kūlike no lāua iho, kahi hiki ʻole ke hoʻokokoke ʻia e nā poʻe ʻē aʻe. E māka i ko lākou panalāʻau, kahakaha lākou ia me ko lākou mimi a i ʻole nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o nā feces i kekahi mau wahi. A i ka manawa like, maopopo wale nā ʻīlio hihiu i kēlā ʻaʻala. ʻAʻole hiki i ke kanaka ke hoʻomaopopo i kēia i kona ola.
I hoʻokahi makahiki, hele a piha nā ʻīlio hihiu makua i ke ʻano moekolohe, akā i loko o ʻelua a ʻekolu paha mau makahiki ua manaʻo ʻia ua mākaukau loa lākou e hana i ko lākou ʻohana ponoʻī. ʻO ka wā o nā pāʻani moena, hāʻule ka hana hou i waenakonu o ka hāʻule, ka hoʻomaka o ka hoʻoilo. ʻO ka wela i nā wahine mai ka ʻApelila a i ka mua o Iune, a ʻo 2 mau mahina (63 lā) ka lōʻihi o ka hāpai ʻana. I ka hapanui o nā hihia, hānau ʻia he ʻelua a ʻeono paha ʻīlio (e like me ke kapa ʻia ʻana o nā ʻīlio hae hānau).
Hānau ʻia nā keiki hānau hou he mea liʻiliʻi loa, me ke kaupaona o 200 - 400 gram. ʻEleʻele ko lākou kino a ʻeleʻele paha i ke kala a me kahi huelo kukui liʻiliʻi. No nā lā ʻeiwa mua, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke ʻike i kekahi mea. Ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina, aneane pau loa ko lākou mau pepeiao, ʻike ʻia kahi ʻano o ke kino ʻeleʻele me kahi kapa huluhulu ākea, a ʻoki ʻia nā niho. Hiki i ʻekolu mau makahiki, hānai kahi makuahine i kāna mau keiki me ka waiū, a me nā meaʻai palupalu, āna i nau mua ai a kuha aku.
Hana pū ka ʻīlio hae a me ka ʻīlio wahine i ka hānai ʻana i kā lāua keiki. Kōkua ke kāne i ka makuahine i ka hānai ʻana a mālama ʻana i ka ʻohana. Loaʻa iā ia ka meaʻai, hoʻoweliweli aku i nā ʻenemi mai nā keiki, aʻo iā lākou i nā kānāwai o ke kūlohelohe a pāʻani pū me lākou i nā pāʻani like ʻole.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka ʻīlio hae maned
Kiʻi: Guara
ʻAʻole hiki i nā ʻepekema ke hoʻomaopopo i nā ʻenemi maoli o ka ʻīlio hae maned i ke ʻano maoli. ʻAʻole paha lākou, no ka mea, ʻoluʻolu lākou a hoʻāʻo e ʻike ʻole ʻia e nā mea hōkai nui. Akā maopopo leʻa lākou i ke kāne a me kāna mau hana maikaʻi ʻole kona ʻenemi nui. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole pono ka poʻe i ka hulu hipa a i ʻole ka ʻiʻo o kēia holoholona, ʻoi aku ka hohonu o nā kumu. Eia kekahi o lākou:
- Pepehi ka poʻe mahiʻai i ka ʻīlio hae ma muli wale nō o ka ʻaihue ʻana i kā lākou mau holoholona;
- Hoʻohana kekahi mau kānaka ʻApelika i kona ʻili a me kona mau maka ma ke ʻano he talisman no nā lāʻau;
- Poaching;
- Ka nele i ka meaʻai, luhi, maʻi;
- ʻOki nā kānaka i nā kumulāʻau, hoʻohaumia i ka wai a me ka ea, lawe i ko lākou mau panalāʻau.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Pōlūlū Maned mai ka puke ʻulaʻula
ʻO ka heluna kanaka o ka ʻīlio hae maned i lilo i haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i nā makahiki i hala iho nei. Wahi a nā poʻe loea, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i ka ʻumi tausani mau mākua i koe i ka honua holoʻokoʻa. A ma Brazil aia wale nō ma kahi o 2000. Ua hoʻokomo ʻia ke kūlana o ka ʻīlio hae hae i loko o ka International Red Book ma ke ʻano "a species that are endangerered." ʻOiai ʻo 2 mau kenekulia i hala aku nei, he ʻano wolf kaulana ia i nā panalāʻau o Uruguay.
He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia he maʻalahi nā ʻīlio hae maned i nā maʻi e like me ka maʻi ahulau a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi. ʻO lākou ka mea hoʻoweliweli like i ke ola o kēia mau holoholona.
Ke kiaʻi nei i ka ʻīlio hae Maned
Kiʻi: ʻO Guara Wolf
Ua hoʻolauna ʻo Brazil a me Argentina i nā kānāwai e pāpā ana i ka ʻīlio hae. ʻOiai hoʻomau ka poʻe e hōʻino i kona ola. I ka makahiki 1978, ua hoʻomaka ka ʻepekema e noiʻi e ʻike inā hiki ke pale aku i ka make koke ʻana o kēia holoholona.
Eia kekahi, nā hui kaiaulu o nā mea hakakā no ke ola o nā holoholona e kōkua i nā holoholona i kēlā me kēia ala kūpono: hānai, mālama. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka ʻīlio hae hae i loko o nā zoo a i kekahi manawa i nā hale o nā kānaka. Kupaianaha, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohuli ʻia. Eia ka mea palekana nona, akā naʻe, e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kekahi holoholona i ka hihiu. Eia kekahi, makemake nā ʻīlio hae i ke kūʻokoʻa. He mea maikaʻi loa ke ola nā ʻīlio hihiu maned ʻaʻole i hoʻoweliweli hou ʻia.
Ke hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, makemake wau e hoʻokākala e mālama pono kākou i ka honua hihiu o ko kākou ʻano. Nalo pololei nā holoholona he nui no nā hana weliweli a ke kanaka. Me ka hopohopo ʻole, luku lākou i ko lākou wahi noho, pepehi kanaka, hoʻohaumia i ka wai. No laila, pono mākou e mahalo loa i ko mākou mau kaikaina a mai komo i ko lākou ola, a i ʻole e make ka honua holoʻokoʻa. Pono ʻoe e hoʻomanaʻo mau i ke kūlohelohe ua hoʻopili ʻia nā mea āpau, ʻaʻole wale lūlū kāne maned, akā ʻo kēlā me kēia iliʻili ke ʻano ponoʻī.
Lā paʻi: 21.01.2019
Lā hou: 17.09.2019 ma 16:28
