Ma mua o 300 mau ʻano - ʻo kēia ka papa inoa e hoʻopili ana i nā manu āpau o ka Teritori Krasnodar, a ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka hapalima o lākou i loko o ka Red Book.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka moʻo a me ke aniau
ʻO ke Teritori ʻo Krasnodar, e kīloi ana ma ke komohana hema o ka North Caucasus, i kapa pinepine ʻia ʻo Kuban - ma hope o ka muliwai nui me nā ʻāpana hema he nui. Hoʻokaʻawale ka muliwai i ka ʻāina, kahi i noho ai ma 75.5 tausani km², i ʻelua mau ʻāpana - hema (foothill / mauna) a me ka ʻākau (papu).
ʻO ka loko Abrau, ka mea nui loa ma ka North Caucasus, nā loko karst liʻiliʻi, a me nā loko wai wai, i ʻike pinepine ʻia ma kahakai o ke kai o Azov a me ka Taman Peninsula, i hoʻohui ʻia i nā muliwai liʻiliʻi he nui. Hoʻohui ʻia, lele aku ke kai Azov ma ke komohana ʻākau o ka ʻāina, a me ke Kai ʻEleʻele ma ke komohana hema. Aia ma kahi o 30 mau luaipele ʻeleʻele i hana a hoʻopau ʻia ma ka peninsula.
Manaʻo ʻia he mea paʻakikī ke kōkua ʻana o ka Taman Peninsula ma muli o ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā kahakai kahakai me nā pali komohana o ka Greater Caucasus, nā waipuna, nā kapa muliwai a me nā loko deltaic. Ma ka laulā, hōʻike ka pāpū ma kahi o 2/3 o ka ʻāina o ka ʻāina.
ʻO ke aniau kahi ʻano nui o ka ʻāina nui, huli i kahi Kaiwaenahonua hapalua ma ke kahakai mai Anapa a i Tuapse, a i loko o kahi subtropical mākū - hema o Tuapse.
Kaha ʻia ka pae kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ma nā mauna. Hoʻololi nui ke anilā i loko o ka makahiki: hoʻololi nā mahana i ka maʻamau, e like me ka makahiki, kau a me nā mahina. Hōʻike ʻia ka Teritori ʻo Krasnodar e nā hoʻoilo mālie a me nā kauwela wela, kahi e ʻumeʻume ai i nā holoholona wela nui, e like me nā manu.
Nā manu nahele
Uhi ka ulu lāʻau ma kahi o 1.5 miliona mau kaona, i like ia me 22.4% o ka ʻāpana o ka ʻāina. ʻO ka Hardwood (ʻoka a me ka beech) ke poʻokela i ka Kuban - ma luna o 85%, ʻoiai nā conifers e hōʻemi iho ma mua o 5%. Noho nā manu nahele i nā ululāʻau ākea ākea a mauna mauna me nā mea nui o ka spruce a me ka fir.
ʻAukā ʻeleʻele Caucasian
ʻO kahi manu kuahiwi e noho ana ma ke kahakai ʻo Caucasian (a i 2.2 km ma luna o ka ʻilikai) a makemake ʻo ia i ka pūnana ma nā kihi o ka ululāʻau, i nā kumu ulu haʻahaʻa e ulu haʻahaʻa ana. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka grouse ʻeleʻele Caucasian ma mua o ka grouse maʻamau: heʻeleʻele nā kāne, ʻaneʻane ʻeleʻele o ka plumage me ka palena keʻokeʻo ma ka lalo o nā ʻeheu a me nā hulu o ka huelo i kāwili ʻia ma nā kihi. ʻOi aku ka dimmer o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne, ʻoi aku ka nani a me ka ʻulaʻula.
Kōkua ka pale pale e hūnā mai nā ʻenemi - lele lele ke kahuʻeleʻele, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi iā ia ke kali, e hūnā ana ma waena o nā nāhelehele.
Hoʻonui ʻia ka papaʻai e nā mea kanu:
- na nila;
- hua hua juniper;
- blueberry;
- lingonberry;
- ʻākala;
- na anoano.
Lilo nā nila i meaʻai nui i nā hoʻoilo hau ke loaʻa ʻole nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe. Lawe ʻia nā mea kolo e nā manu i ke kauwela e hānai ai i kā lākou mau moa.
Aeto gula
He manu haʻaheo mai ka ʻohana hawk, ke koho nei no nā ululāʻau pūnana ʻana me nā pali kūpikū pōhaku, kahi e paʻakikī ai nā ʻaihue ʻāina e kiʻi. ʻO nā aeto kūpuna he teritore a me ka noho, pili i kā lākou pūnaewele, kahi e kūkulu ai i nā pūnana a me ka ʻimi holoholona.
He ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele brown-plumage ko ka ʻaetoeto, akā ʻike ʻia nā hulu gula ma ke kua o ke poʻo. He hulu keʻokeʻo ko ka ʻōpio i ke kumu o ka huelo a ma lalo o nā ʻeheu (eʻeleʻele ke kala i ko lākou oʻo ʻana). Kūpono nā fenders ākea no ka hover / maneuvering a hiki i 2m i ka lōʻihi.
ʻO ka papa inoa o ka ʻaeto aeto ʻaʻole wale ma ka pāʻani hou i hopu ʻia (nā rodent liʻiliʻi, nā ʻāpō a me nā moa), akā ʻo ka carrion kekahi.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka aeto gula ma ke ʻano he predator kiʻekiʻe loa a ʻaʻohe ʻenemi i ka hihiu. ʻAʻole ʻimi nā holoholona ʻē aʻe i nā manu makua, a hūnā kiʻekiʻe ʻia nā pūnana o nā aeto ʻaeto me ka palekana.
ʻAeto ʻaeto
Hāpai ʻia ka inoa i haʻi ʻole ʻia o ka ʻaeto liʻiliʻi loa ma ka honua, e ulu ana ma mua o kahi lupe me ka nui o 1-1.3 kg, a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine. Hoʻopūnana ia i nā ululāʻau paʻa a me nā mānoanoa, kahi, ma muli o kona kūiki, maʻalahi ia ma waena o nā lālā. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ka leo o ka plumage (māmā a ʻeleʻele), ua māhele ʻia i ʻelua mau ʻano.
He ikaika a piha ka hulu o ka ʻaeto manu kuhukukū me nā māiʻuʻu meli a me ka nuku ʻumi, me ke kōkua o ia mea ke pāʻani. ʻO ka papa kuhikuhi a ka mea hoʻomake pū kekahi me nā māmela, nā manu a me nā mea kolo:
- nā hares a me nā gopher;
- nā koʻekoʻe liʻiliʻi;
- nā manō a me nā starling;
- ʻeleʻele a me nā manu liʻiliʻi;
- manu kuhukukū a me ka ʻūlili palaoa;
- nā moa a me nā hua manu;
- nā moʻo a me nā moʻo;
- nā mea kolo, e like me nā kauā (i ka wā hoʻoilo).
Ke luʻu nei i ka nahesa ʻino, Pepehi ka ʻaeto iā ia me ka pā i ke poʻo me kona nuku, akā i kekahi manawa make ʻo ia mai kahi nahu a nalo paha i kāna ʻike.
Manu lele
ʻO nā steppes o ke Teritori Krasnodar e hoʻonui i nā pae mauna o ka Greater Caucasus a me ke kahakai kaiʻeleʻele, aia ma ka hema o Anapa. Nui nā manu o nā ākea i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka Buke Ulaula o ka Kuban.
ʻO Bustard
Noho ʻoluʻolu kēia lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana bustard i nā ʻāina puʻupaʻa, nā ʻāpana steppe a me nā wao akua, me ka loaʻa ʻole o ka pilikia nui i ka hemahema o ka wai i ka wā maloʻo. ʻO ka bustard liʻiliʻi ka nui o ka hen awelika, akā ʻoi aku ka hoihoi o ke kala, keu hoʻi i ke kāne i ka wā hānau - nā ʻēheu ʻeleʻele (luna) ʻokoʻa, umauma māmā / lalo a me ka ʻāʻī elongated i hoʻonani ʻia me nā "lei" keʻokeʻo.
Ma ka ʻāpana o ke kai ʻEleʻele e ʻike ʻia nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi ma ka waena o ʻApelila a hana i nā pālua, e waiho ana i nā hua he 3-4, kahi e hānai ai nā keiki moa ma hope o ʻekolu pule.
Hoihoi. E luku pinepine ka wahine wahine ma lalo o nā huila o nā tractors a hui pū, ʻoiai ʻo ia e noho pono ʻole i ka paʻa, e pale ana i nā keiki.
ʻO nā makemake o ka meaʻai o nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi i kaupalena ʻia i nā mea kolo a me nā mea kanu (nā wana, nā hua a me nā aʻa). Hoʻomaka ka haʻalele ʻana o nā manu no ka hoʻoilo i ka hopena o Kepakemapa, e hoʻopau ana ma waena o Nowemapa.
Serpentine
ʻIke ʻia ʻo ia ka aeto nāhesa, a i ʻole ka pahū pahū. Mālama ʻo ia i ka poʻe makaʻala loa, makaʻu a hilinaʻi ʻole hoʻi. I ka hema, noho ʻo ia ma nā ululāʻau a ma nā wahi maloʻo hāmama, kahi e kūpono ai kēlā me kēia kumulāʻau no ka pūnana ʻana. ʻO ka ulu ʻana o nā mea ʻai nahesa ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o 0.7 m me ka ʻēheu o 1.6-1.9 mau mika. Kūlike nā kala o nā kāne a me nā wahine, akā ʻo ka mea maʻa mau ma mua o ka mea hope.
Hōʻike ka inoa o nā laha e pili ana i kāna mea pio punahele, akā me nā nahesa, ʻimi ka mea māwae i nā mea kolo a me nā amphibian, a me nā mea ʻiʻo manu liʻiliʻi a me nā manu kula.
ʻAʻole maʻalahi ka nahesa e hānai i nā keiki. Huki ka moa iā ia i ka nahesa, ʻaneʻane ale ʻia e ka makua, mai kona ʻāʻī e ka huelo. Aia ka lōʻihi o ke kaʻina hana i ka lōʻihi o ka nahesa. Ke kīloi ʻia ka mea pio, hoʻomaka kona moni ʻana (pololei mai ke poʻo), a he hapalua hola a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi.
Steppe kestrel
Mea liʻiliʻi, manuahi manu nūnū o ka ʻohana falcon. Me he mea lā he kestrel maʻamau ia, akā ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ia i ka nui, ʻokoʻa hoʻi i ke ʻano o ka ʻēheu, ke ʻano o ka huelo a me nā kikoʻī o ka plumage.
I nā kolone pūnana, halulu ka steppe kestrel: hoʻonui kēia ʻano i nā manawa he nui i ka wā o ka moena a ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana o nā pīpī. Aia ka papa kuhikuhi manu i nā holoholona like ʻole (me ka mea nui o nā pepeke orthoptera):
- nā ʻūhini a me nā dragonflies;
- ʻūhini a me nā ʻalekiki;
- nā bea a me nā nalo;
- centipedes a me nā moʻo huelo ʻawa;
- nā koʻekoʻe liʻiliʻi (i ka wā puna);
- nā mea kolo liʻiliʻi;
- nā kauā, nā ʻenuhe ʻApelika (hoʻoilo).
ʻImi pinepine ia i nā pūʻolo, lele haʻahaʻa ma luna o ka ʻanuʻu. Hopu ʻo ia i nā ʻūhini me nā ʻūhini, e holo ana ma ka honua. I kekahi manawa huli ka māʻona i ka momona, ke keakea ka nui o ka ale i kahi lawe wikiwiki.
Nā manu o kahakai
Ua noho kēia mahele o nā manu ma kapa o ke Kuban a me kāna mau lālā hema (Laba, Urup, Belaya a me nā mea ʻē aʻe), ma ke kahawai ʻo Krasnodar, a ma ke kai ʻeleʻele a me nā kahakai ʻo Azov (me nā kahawai liʻiliʻi). Ua noho kekahi mau ʻano ma nā kahakai o nā estuaries, nā loko karst a me nā mea e pili ana. Abrau.
Spoonbill
He manu neʻe o ka ʻohana ibis, ʻano like me ka herona, akā ʻoi aku ka lokomaikaʻi ma mua o ia. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona i ʻike ʻia kahi nuku pālahalaha elongated, ākea i ka hopena. Uhi piha ʻia ka Spoonbill me nā hulu keʻokeʻo, kū kūʻē i nā wāwae loloa ʻeleʻele a me ka nuku ʻeleʻele. I ke kau moʻo, loaʻa nā manu i kahi ʻano tuft: i nā wahine he pōkole ia ma mua o nā kāne.
ʻAi ʻo Spoonbill i nā annelids, larva insect, crustaceans, frogs, iʻa iʻa, i kekahi manawa hoʻololi i nā mea kanu wai. Koho ʻo ia i nā nāhelehe ʻohe kokoke i nā loko no ka noho ʻana, ʻoi aku ka pinepine o nā ulu lāʻau willow. Hoʻokū ʻo ia i nā kolone, pili pinepine i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, e laʻa me ibis a i ʻole nā herona.
Loaf
Pili i ka ʻohana ibis. Makemake ʻo ia e ʻauʻau kokoke i nā kino wai a me ka liʻu o ka paʻakai, nā estuaries a me nā poho wai, a me nā wai pāpaʻu a me nā wahi kai i hoʻopiha ʻia. Noho ka berena i nā kolone nui me nā manu e like me pelicans, spoonbills a me nā herons. Noho lākou i ka pō i nā kumulāʻau.
He manu waena ia me ka plumage brown brown bright, hoʻonohonoho ʻia e kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo / poni i ka huelo a me nā ʻeheu ʻOi aku ka nui o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine a pāpale ʻia me ka ʻāpana ʻelima e ʻike ʻia.
Ke ʻimi nei ka berena i nā invertebrates aquatic (lipi, nā ʻelala a me nā ilo), e ʻai mau nei i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi a me nā amphibians Hoʻoweliweli ʻia nā pūnana o ka ibex e nā mākāhā a me nā ʻalalā uhi ʻia, he nui nā paʻa i luku ʻia e nā kahawai, nā makani ikaika a i ka wā e hoʻopau ʻia ai nā ʻohe / nāhe.
Osprey
He ʻāpana ia o ke ʻano like a hawk a loaʻa i nā hemispheres ʻelua o ka Honua. ʻAi ʻo ia i ka iʻa (99% o kāna papaʻai), ʻo ia ke kumu e noho ai ma kahi o nā waihona, nā wai kai, nā kahawai a me nā loko. Hoʻomoʻa lākou i nā wahi paʻakikī e kiʻi i nā mea ʻaihue lepo - ma nā mokupuni liʻiliʻi, ma luna o ka wai, ma nā lāʻau maloʻo, nā buoy - ma nā wahi āpau e hiki ai ke kūkulu i kahi pūnana volumous a 1 m ke anawaena a me 0.7 m ke kiʻekiʻe.
Hoʻololi ʻia ka osprey no ka lawaiʻa ihe. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi (e kūʻē i ke kua o nā manu ʻio ʻio ʻē aʻe) i paʻa, me ka lako me nā convex a me nā māiʻuʻu meli. Ke alo nei ka manamana waho i hope e mālama i nā iʻa paheʻe i loko, a nā poloka nasal i ka wai mai ka luʻu ʻana.
Manu-wai
Kūlike ka wahi noho o kēia mau manu me nā wahi noho o nā manu kahakai - eia nā kahawai, nā loko, nā kai a me nā waihona wai o ka Teritori Krasnodar. ʻO ka wai wale nō no lākou kahi mea aloha a kokoke loa.
ʻO Chegrava
ʻO kahi manu nui mai ka ʻohana gull a hiki i ka 0.6 m ka lōʻihi me ke kaupaona o 700 g a me kahi ʻēheu o a i 1.4 m. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona kikoʻī kahi nuku ʻulaʻula ikaika, keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, nā wāwae ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele a me kahi huelo kakaka. ʻO nā wahine a me nā ʻōpio ʻōpio ke kala like. I ka wā hānau, hoʻonani kahi beret ʻeleʻele i ke poʻo.
ʻOiaʻiʻo. Hoʻokahi hua i hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki. Hoʻopili ʻia ʻo Clutch (2-3 mau hua) e nā mākua ʻelua ma kahi ʻē.
Hoʻokumu ʻo Gegravs i nā kolone ma nā mokupuni a me nā kahakai kai kahakai, a i ka lele lele lele lākou i nā ʻeheu (ʻaʻole e like me nā tern ʻē aʻe). ʻO ka meaʻai ʻoi loa ka iʻa, akā i kekahi manawa ʻai ʻo goggle i nā ʻelala, nā ʻūlū liʻiliʻi, nā moa / hua manu o nā manu ʻē aʻe.
Chomga
He toadstool nui ʻo ia. ʻO ka manu ka nui o kahi ʻāpō, me ka ʻāʻī nani a me ka nuku pololei, pena ʻia i ʻekolu kala - keʻokeʻo, ʻulaʻula a ʻeleʻele. ʻO ka lole nuptial o ka grebe i hoʻokō ʻia e kahi "lei" ʻulaʻula a me nā ʻāpana hulu ʻeleʻele ma ke poʻo.
Kūkulu ʻo Great Crest Grebe i nā pūnana lana (mai nā ʻohe a me nā cattails) a i 0.6 m ke anawaena a me 0.8 m ke kiʻekiʻe, kahi e waiho ai nā wahine i nā hua he 3-4. Ke haʻalele nei i ka pūnana, ʻaʻole poina ka Greater Greater e uhi i ka paʻa me nā mea kanu wai, e pale ana iā ia mai ka lā kūpono a me nā mea kipa weliweli.
Hāpai ka makuahine i nā moa i kau ʻia ma kona kua no 2 mau pule, i kekahi manawa e iho pū ana i ka wai me lākou. Luu ʻo Grebe crested nui a ʻauʻau maikaʻi, ke kiʻi nei i ka meaʻai nui - mollusks a me nā iʻa. E lele maikaʻi a wikiwiki ia, akā naʻe, inā pono.
Manu Manu o ka puke ʻula
Ua paʻi ʻia ka puke ʻikepili ʻulaʻula o ka Teritori Krasnodar i ka makahiki 1994, akā ua loaʻa ke kūlana kūlana he 7 mau makahiki wale nō ma hope. ʻO ka puke hou loa o ka Red Data Book āpana e kālailai ana i ka mokuʻāina o ka RF fauna, nā mea hoʻoweliweli (maoli a wānana ʻia) i kona ʻano like ʻole, ʻo ia hoʻi i nā lāhui e noho ana i ka Kuban.
Mea nui. I kēia manawa i ka puke ʻulaʻula o ka moku ʻo Krasnodar aia ma kahi o 450 ka nui o nā flora / fauna kūloko, me 56 mau ʻano manu manu laha ʻole a ʻaneʻane pau.
ʻO ka papa inoa o ka pale e komo pū me ka loona ʻāʻī ʻeleʻele, pelikani pelika, cormorant holoholo, cormorant pygmy, spoonbill, ibex, keʻokeʻo a me nā ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele, ʻiʻo ʻāʻī ʻulaʻula, duck duck, steppe harrier, dwarf aeto, ʻāpala maka keʻokeʻo, ʻaeto moʻo, osprey, ʻaeto ʻaole keʻokeʻo. ʻaeto i ʻike ʻia, ʻaeto, griffon aeto, ʻaeto aeto, ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele, ʻeleu, ʻeleu ʻumiʻumi, aʻa pākeke, steppe kestrel, snowcock Caucasian, ʻāpana hina, Caucasian black grouse, Siberian grouse, belladonna, bustard, avdotka, little bustard, golden plover, stilt, sea plover, nui awl , nāhelehele a me nā steppe tirkushki, ʻeleʻele poʻo ʻeleʻele, manu nūnū, ʻōlapa, ʻōlapa a me nā tern liʻiliʻi, aeto pueo, lāʻau ʻāwaha a me nā ʻāwi i kani ʻia, ka hina hina, ka mōʻī poʻo poʻo, ka piʻi pā, ka lentil nui, ka ʻakaʻaka hoʻomākeʻaka, ka ʻai blackbird wawae pōkole.
