ʻO ʻApelika ka ʻāina ʻoi loa o ko mākou honua, no laila ʻano ʻokoʻa ka holoholona ma kēia mau wahi, i hōʻike ʻia e nā haneli he nui o nā nahesa i ka manawa hoʻokahi, i waena o nā mambas, cobras, pythons a me nā ʻāpaki ʻApelika. Ma kahi o ʻehā haneli mau ʻano o nā ʻelele o ka suborder o ka papa o nā mea kolo a me ke kauoha o nā scaly, ʻeiwa kakini he mea ʻawahia a weliweli hoʻi i nā kānaka.
Nahesa ʻawahia
ʻO ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe o nā nahesa make loa ma ka honua e komo pū ana i kekahi mau ʻano i loaʻa i kahi lāʻau make weliweli e hiki ai i ka make wikiwiki. Ma waena o nā nahesa ʻawaʻawa weliweli loa o ka ʻāina ʻo ʻApelika ka mamba ʻōmaʻomaʻo hikina, ka cape cobra a me nā mamba ʻeleʻele, a me ka viper ʻApelika maʻamau.
Cape Cobra (Naja nivea)
Hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mika ka nahesa i loaʻa ma ka hema komohana o ka ʻāina, ʻo ia pū kekahi me ka ʻāina ʻo ʻAmelika Hema. Hoʻohanohano ʻia nā Lunamakaʻāinana o ka laha e kahi poʻo liʻiliʻi, kahi kino wīwī a ikaika hoʻi. I kēlā me kēia makahiki, he nui ka poʻe e make mai nā nahu o ka Cape cobra ma ʻApelika, a ʻo ke kala motley e ʻike maka ʻole ai ka nahesa i kona wahi maoli. Ma mua o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana, hoʻāla aʻe ʻo Cape Cobra i mua o kona kino a ʻike ʻia hoʻi e hoʻāʻo i ka pale, a ma hope iho ua hāʻawi ʻia ka uila. Hoʻopili koke ka lāʻau make i ke kikowaena ʻōnaehana, kahi i hele pū ʻia me ka maʻi lōlō a me ka make mai ka hiapo ʻana.
Green mamba (Dendroaspis viridis)
ʻO ka pilikua ʻAmelike emerala, ʻike ʻia ʻo ka mamba hikina, i loaʻa i waena o nā lau a me nā lālā. He lōʻihi ke kino o ke kanaka makua ma waena o ʻelua mau mika. ʻO ke kamaʻāina o nā wahi nahele mai Zimbabwe a Kenya e ʻike ʻia e kahi poʻo haiki a lōʻihi hoʻi, e ʻoniʻoni maikaʻi nei i loko o ke kino. ʻO nā Lunamakaʻāinana o ka laha e hoʻoikaika nui loa, a hele pū ka nahu me ka ʻehaʻeha loa. Hiki i ka lāʻau make o kēia moʻo ke hōʻino i nā mea ola a hoʻonāukiuki i kahi nerosis wikiwiki o nā lālā. ʻO ke kūpono o ka make i ka loaʻa ʻole o ka mālama olakino he kiʻekiʻe loa.
Mamba ʻeleʻele (Dendroaspis polylepis)
ʻO ka mamba ʻeleʻele kahi kamaʻāina weliweli o nā wahi semi-arid o ka hikina, waena a me ka hema o ʻApelika; makemake ʻo ia i nā savannas a me nā ulu lāʻau. ʻO ka lua o nā nahesa nui loa ma hope o ka mōʻī cobra e ʻike ʻia e kāna ʻoliva ʻeleʻele, ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ke kala hina hina hina me kahi aniani metallic. Hiki i nā mākua ke hopu maʻalahi i ke kanaka, ke hoʻomohala nei i kahi neʻe kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka neʻe. ʻO ka lāʻau make, ma muli o ka hoʻohuihui holoʻokoʻa o nā toxins pālolo paʻakikī, hoʻopau koke i ka hana o ka puʻuwai a me nā mākala māmā, kahi e hōʻeha ai i ka make o ke kanaka.
Viper ʻApelika (Bitis)
He ʻumikumamāono mau ʻano o ka genus o nā nahesa ʻawahia mai ka ʻohana Viper, a he nui loa ka poʻe i make mai ka nahu o kēlā asps ma ʻApelika. Hiki i ka viper ke camouflaging maikaʻi, lohi a maʻalahi hoʻi i kahi e noho ai i nā biotopes like ʻole, e like me nā wao one a me nā wahi nahele ulu. ʻO nā niho hollow o ka nahesa e ʻae i ka ʻona e komo i loko o ke kino o ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia me ka ʻole o ke keakea a hoʻopau koke i nā huna koko ʻO ka nahesa make, hoʻolaha ākea ma ka ʻāina nui, e hana ana i ka pō a me ka pō.
ʻO spitting cobra (Naja ashei)
Noho ka nahesa ʻino i ka hikina a me ka ʻākau hikina o ʻApelika. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā kānaka o kēia ʻano i ʻelua mika ka lōʻihi. Kuha ʻia ka mea make i kahi mamao a i ʻelua mau mika, ʻoiai ʻo ka moʻo nahesa makua e kū i ka maka i kāna mea i hoʻomake ʻia. Hiki i kahi cytotoxin weliweli ke hoʻopau koke i ke kole o ka maka, a hoʻopilikia hoʻi i ka mokuʻāina a me nā ʻōnaehana. ʻOkoʻa nā Lunamakaʻāinana o ka Great Brown Spitting Cobra ʻāpana mai nā cobras kuha ʻĀpelika e ke kū hoʻokahi o kā lākou haplotypes, a me ke ʻano kūikawā o nā unahi a me nā hui kala like ʻole.
Cobra ʻāʻī ʻeleʻele (Naja nigricollis)
Hoʻolahalaha nā ʻano nahesa laha ma ka ʻāina nui i 1.5-2.0 mau mika ka lōʻihi, a ʻokoʻa ke kala o ia mau scaly i ka ʻāina. I ka hapanui o nā hihia, hōʻike ʻia ke kala o ka nahesa me kahi brown brown a i ʻole brown brown background, i kekahi manawa me ka loaʻa ʻole o nā kahakaha transist. Makemake ka mea noho ma ʻApelika tropika i nā savannas maloʻo a pulu hoʻi, nā wao akua, a me nā moena kahawai maloʻo. Inā loaʻa ka makaʻu, kī ʻia ka lāʻau make ma kahi mamao a ʻelua a ʻekolu mau mika paha. ʻAʻole hiki i ka toxin ke hōʻeha i ka ʻili kanaka, akā hiki ke kumu i ka makapō lōʻihi lōʻihi.
Nahesa ʻAigupita (Naja haje)
ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke kanaka makua i nā mika ʻelua, akā hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā kānaka a ʻekolu a mika paha ka lōʻihi. ʻO ke kala o nā moʻo nahesa he hoʻokahi waihoʻoluʻu, mai ka melemele māmā a i ka brown brown, me ka waihoʻoluʻu māmā o ka ʻaoʻao ventral. Ma ka ʻāʻī o ka nahesa ʻAigupita, aia kekahi mau ʻāpana ākea ʻeleʻele, i ʻike maopopo ʻia i ka hihia o kahi nahesa hoʻoweliweli. Kaulana nui ʻia hoʻi nā laulā kāheka o nā ʻelele o nā laha, ke kāhiko ʻia o ke kino e ka palaoa ʻeleʻele ākea kūikawā a me nā "bandages" melemele māmā. ʻO ka laha maʻamau ma ka hikina a me ʻApelika komohana.
Nahesa nahenahe
ʻAʻohe o nā moʻo nahesa ʻona e noho ana i ka panalāʻau o ʻApelika i mea hoʻoweliweli i ke ola a me ke olakino kanaka. Hiki i nā mea kolo ke hele a gigantic wale nō, akā ke ala o ke ola e hana i nā nahesa ʻaʻohe ona ʻalo i nā wahi ākea a hui me nā poʻe.
Nahesa ʻōmaʻomaʻo Shrub (Philothamnus semivariegatus)
ʻO ka nahesa non-venomous, no ka ʻohana haiki o ke ʻano, nona ka lōʻihi o ke kino he 120-130 cm. Hoʻohanohano ʻia nā Lunamakaʻāinana o ke ʻano e kahi poʻo pālahalaha ʻia me ke aniani bluish, a me nā maka me nā haumāna poepoe nui. Lahilahi ke kino o ka nahesa, me nā keela i haʻi ikaika ʻia ma ka unahi. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo ke kala, me nā kiko ʻeleʻele, i kekahi manawa e hui nui i nā kaha pōkole. Ua makemake ʻo Shrub green i ka ulu lāʻau a me ka lāʻau, a noho nō hoʻi i kahi ʻāpana nui o ʻApelika, koe wale no ka Sahara.
Nahesa keleawe (Prosymna)
ʻO ka genus o nā moʻo e pili ana i ka ʻohana Lamprophiidae me nā kānaka me ka awelika o 12-40 knm. ʻO ke ʻano o ia mau moʻo e pani ʻia e kahi poʻo ākea ākea me kahi ʻāpana ākea o ka rostral scutellum e like me ka ʻōʻō. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā moʻo keleawe e kahi wīwī a ikaika, ʻano lōʻihi o ke kala, ʻoliva a poni paha i ke kala me nā aka ʻokoʻa. ʻIke ʻia nā ʻano me nā kiko, nā kiko a i ʻole nā kaha. ʻOi aku ka pouli o ke poʻo o ka moʻo ma mua o ke kino a me ka huelo. Noho ʻo Endemic i ʻApelika i nā wahi kokoke i nā kino wai, a me nā kahawai.
ʻO Schlegel's Mascarene boa constrictor (Casarea dussumieri)
No ka ʻohana o Mascarene boas ka nahesa non-venomous a loaʻa iā ia kona inoa kikoʻī no ka hoʻohanohano ʻana i ka mea huakaʻi Palani kaulana ʻo Dussumier. No kekahi manawa lōʻihi ua laha nui kēia ʻano i nā ulu lāʻau tropika a me ka savannah pāma, akā ʻo ka hoʻokomo wikiwiki ʻana o nā lāpaki a me nā kao i hopena i ka luku ʻia o kahi ʻāpana nui o nā biotopes. I kēia lā, noho nā boas Schlegel i nā sabana degenerated a me nā kumu lāʻau. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia kahi nahesa hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mika e kahi kala ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele. ʻOi aku ka māmā o ka ʻaoʻao i lalo, me nā kiko ʻeleʻele loa. Uhi ʻia ke kino me nā unahi liʻiliʻi me kahi keel i haʻi ʻia.
Hale ahulau-aurora (Lamprophis aurora)
ʻO ka nahesa non-venomous, no ka ʻohana haiki o ke ʻano, nona ka lōʻihi o ke kino ma waena o 90 knm, ʻike ʻia e kahi poʻo haiki a me ke kino kino uhi ʻia me nā unahi alohilohi a me ka laumania. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo ke ʻano o nā mākua me ka ʻalani ʻalani lahilahi ma hope. Hoʻohanohano ʻia nā ʻōpio e kahi kala ʻālohilohi me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā kiko ʻōmaʻomaʻo-ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma kēlā me kēia pālākiō a me kahi kaula ʻalani. Noho ka hale nakena-aurora i nā lau nahele a me nā laʻalāʻau i ka Repubalika o ʻApelika Hema a me Swaziland.
ʻO Gironde Copperhead (Coronella girondica)
ʻO kahi nahesa mai ka genus o nā keleawe a me ka ʻohana o nā ʻano like e like me ka copperhead maʻamau, akā ʻokoʻa i ke kino lahilahi a me ka ihu poepoe. ʻO ka waihoʻoluʻu o ke kua i brownish, hina a i ʻole pinkish-ocher me kahi kaula ʻeleʻele intermittent. Lena melemele, ʻalani a ʻulaʻula paha ka ʻōpū, uhi ʻia me kahi lauʻeleʻele daimana. ʻAno like nā ʻōpio me nā nahesa makua, akā he ʻōniʻoniʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma ka ʻōpū. Liʻiliʻi ka pā intermaxillary a ʻaʻole paʻa i waena o nā pā internasal. Noho i nā wahi mahana a maloʻo, e hāʻawi ana i ka makemake i nā kanu ʻana o nā ʻalemona, ʻoliva a me nā lāʻau carob paha.
Cape centipede (Aparallactus capensis)
ʻO kahi ʻano nahesa e pili ana i ka ʻohana Atractaspididae. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka noho ʻana o kahi kanaka makua ʻApelika a hiki i 30-33 knm. He poʻo liʻiliʻi ko Cape centipede me nā maka liʻiliʻi, a he kino puʻukū hoʻi kona e uhi ʻia me nā unahi laumania. ʻAʻohe hoʻololi ikaika ma waena o ke kino a me ke poʻo. ʻO ke kala o ka nahesa mai ka melemele i ka ʻulaʻula a me nā aka hina. Aia kekahi kala ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha i ka piko o ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī. Noho nā lunamaka o nā laha i nā nāhelehele, nā kapuaʻi a me nā laʻalāʻau o ʻApelika Hema.
ʻO ka constrictor boa komohana (Eryx jaculus)
ʻO ka nahesa non-venomous, no ka ʻohana pseudopods a me ka subfamily o ka boas one, he ʻano waena kona a he huelo pokole. Kūpale ke poʻo, me ka palena ʻole o ke kino, uhi ʻia me nā scutes liʻiliʻi he nui. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao luna o ka waha a me ka ʻaoʻao mua kahi i kuhi. Hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha mau lālani o nā kiko ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha e waiho ana ma ke kua, a aia nā kiko ʻeleʻele i nā ʻaoʻao o ke kino. ʻO ke poʻo he monochromatic ia, akā i kekahi manawa aia nā hiʻohiʻona pouli. Mālamalama ka ʻaoʻao o ke kino i ke kala me nā kiko ʻeleʻele. ʻO ka ʻōpū o ka nahesa ʻōpio ʻulaʻula i ka waihoʻoluʻu. ʻO ka laha maʻamau i ka ʻĀkau hikina o ʻApelika.
Pōhaku Python (Python sebae)
Ua loaʻa i ka nahesa non-venomous nui nui kona inoa kikoʻī no ka hoʻohanohano ʻana i ka mea loea kaulana o Hōlani a me ka mea kauka lāʻau ʻo Albert Seb. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ke kanaka makua ma mua o ʻelima mau mika. He wīwī akā nui ke kino o ka python pōhaku. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke poʻo e ke alo o kahi kiko triangular ma ka ʻaoʻao luna a me kahi ʻāpana ʻeleʻele e hele ana ma waena o nā maka. Hōʻike ʻia ke ʻano o ke kino e nā kaha zigzag ʻikiʻī ma nā ʻaoʻao a ma ka hope. ʻO ke kino o ka nahesa he hina ʻeleʻele, akā aia kekahi ʻōlena melemele i ka hope. Uhi ka ʻāpana hāʻawi o nā laha i nā panalāʻau hema o ka Sahara, i hōʻike ʻia e nā savannas, nā ulu lāʻau tropical a me subtropical.
Ka lawena ke hui ʻana me ka nahesa
Kūlike ʻole i ka manaʻo kuhihewa o ka poʻe noho, makaʻu nā moʻo, no laila ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻouka mua i ka poʻe a nahu wale nō i ka makaʻu, no ka pale pilikino. ʻO nā mea kolo he holoholona anu-anuanu ke ʻike pono i nā haʻalulu kukui.
Ke hele a kanaka, kolo pinepine nā nahesa, akā hiki i ka lawehala hewa ʻole o nā kānaka ke hoʻonāukiuki i ka hoʻouka kaua e kahi asp. He ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo e kāpae i ka nahesa i ʻike ʻia a i ʻole hoʻāʻo e hoʻoweliweli iā ia me kahi kuʻi nui a kīkēkē o kahi lāʻau ma ka honua. Pāpā loa ʻia e hoʻokokoke loa aku i ka mea kolo a hoʻāʻo e hoʻopā iā ia me kou lima. ʻO ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia i ka nāhesa e lawe koke ʻia i kahi wahi lapaʻau kokoke loa.
