He ʻano like ʻole nā nāhesa e noho ana i ka panalāʻau o Caucasus, i hōʻike ʻia e nā mea ʻawaʻawa a me nā mea ʻino ʻole ʻole, ka wai a me ka ʻāina, nui a me waena a liʻiliʻi paha i ka nui. ʻO kēia ʻokoʻa ma muli o ke ʻano anilā a me nā hiʻona o kahi āpana i nui ka nui i kahi.
Nahesa ʻawahia
ʻO nā ʻelele weliweli a ʻona hoʻi o ka suborder o ka papa Reptiles a me ke kauoha Scaly e loaʻa kokoke i nā wahi āpau o Caucasus. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā hiʻohiʻona o kēlā me kēia ʻano maʻamau hiki i ka lōʻihi o ʻelua a ʻoi mau mika. Ke ulu nei nā moʻo nahesa i nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole o ke kaiapuni, e like me nā wahi nahele, nā ʻāpana steppes a me nā wao akua, a me nā kuahiwi a me nā wahi mauna.
He ʻoiaʻiʻo nō ka viper
Heʻuʻuku ka nui o nā moonihoawa maoli i ka nui. ʻO ke poʻo, ākea mai ka ʻāʻī, ua uhi ʻia me nā unahi liʻiliʻi, akā ʻike ʻia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona e ke kū ʻana o nā scutes liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka mea ʻona o ua nahesa lā ka mea ʻawahia loa no nā kānaka, e hoʻonui ana i ka ʻeha loa a me ka wikiwiki e hoʻonui ana i ka ʻeha a me ke ʻano o ka ʻōhū nui ma ke kahua o ka nahu. I loko o ʻelua mau hola, ulu ka ʻōpala vascular, a ma hope o kekahi mau lā ʻelua e kū ai nā pehu hemorrhagic. Hāʻawi ka mea kolo weliweli i ka ʻōpala popopo, nā lua o nā holoholona a me nā kumu lāʻau, a ʻo nā neʻe koke ʻana e manaʻo ʻia e ka viper ma ke ʻano he hoʻonāukiuki a hoʻonāukiuki i ka huhū.
Mūnewai maʻamau
He poʻo pālahalaha nā Lunamakaʻāinana, ʻike ʻokoʻa i ka nui mai ka awelika mānoanoa o ke kino. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka hapa nui o kēlā me kēia me ke kū ʻana o kahi kumu zigzag ma ka pali. ʻO ka hopena o ka nahu ʻana o ka viper maʻamau he mea make ʻole loa ia, akā aia kekahi makaʻu o ka lāʻau make o kēia nahesa no nā kānaka. I nā hana lapaʻau, ʻike nui ʻia nā hihia o ka nele loa o nā ʻōuli koʻikoʻi i ka poʻe nahu, akā ʻo ka hopena pinepine ka hopena o ka nahu ʻana he luʻuluʻu a me ka luaʻi, kahi mokuahi a me ka nalowale o ka ʻike. Noho nā moonihoawa maʻamau i nā wahi anuanu, a noho pū i nā ʻāina mauna.
Moku ʻāpapa
Loaʻa i kahi moʻo nui kahi kino o ke kino ma kahi o 55 cm me ka lōʻihi o ka huelo o 7-9 cm, akā ʻike pinepine ʻia nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne. Hoʻohanohano ʻia kahi moʻo wīwī lohi e kahi poʻo elongated kiʻekiʻe a hāpai i nā kihi o ka waha. Ma ka ʻaoʻao o luna o ke poʻo, aia nā pale pale liʻiliʻi i kūlike ʻole. ʻO nā kamaʻāina maʻamau o nā steppes mauna mauna a pālahalaha he ʻauʻau maikaʻi loa, akā piʻi pinepine lākou i nā kumulāʻau a me nā lālā lāʻau. He nahesa ʻawaʻawa ka steppe viper, akā laha ʻole ka make ʻana. ʻO ka pinepine, ma lalo o ka mana o ka lāʻau make, ulu kahi mokuʻāina ʻona āpau.
ʻO Dinnik's Viper
ʻO ka nahesa, i kapa ʻia ma hope o ka loea kaulana Lūkini ʻo Nikolai Yakovlevich Dinnik, kahi ʻano e kahi kala ʻokoʻa. Ke kumu o ke kua hina-ʻōmaʻomaʻo, aia mau kahi hiʻohiʻona lemon-ʻeleʻele i haʻi ʻia. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hiʻohiʻona o nā mākua ma mua o 50-55 cm. Ma waena o nā scal frontal a me supraorbital nui, aia kekahi a i ʻole mau lālani o nā unahi liʻiliʻi. He mea ʻawaʻawa nui ka nahesa nahesa i kānaka. ʻO kahi nohona nani no ka viper o ka Dinnik nā ʻāina i kū ʻia e nā kula subalpine, a me nā ululāʻau me nā wahi o ke anuanu o ke anuanu.
ʻO Gyurza
ʻO ka mea like ʻole o ka gyurza ka lōʻihi o ke kino, e piʻi pinepine ana i ʻelua mau mika. ʻO ka hapa nui o ke kino hina, ʻeleʻele a i ʻole ʻeleʻele-lila, me ka ʻōpū māmā a me ka ʻāʻī o ka ʻāʻī lahilahi. ʻO ka lunamakaʻāinana nui loa o nā moʻo āpau o ka Caucasian fauna he mea weliweli loa ia i ka poʻe, ma muli o kahi lāʻau make ikaika i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ke kino o ke kanaka i ka nahu. Kū ka make i loko o ʻelua mau hola. I ka manawa like, hiki i ka moʻo kipi i ka hoʻolei ke lanakila maʻalahi i ʻelua mau mika. ʻO ka nohona kūlohelohe o Gyurza nā kahawai pōhaku a me nā kahakai o ka mauna, ulu nui ʻia me nā nāhelehele.
ʻO Tiger i kēia manawa
ʻO ka Lunamakaʻāinana o ka scau North Caucasus, he mea kupaianaha i ke kala, no ka mahele o nā moʻo "kondally ʻona". Ua loaʻa iā Tiger kahi ʻili ʻōmaʻomaʻo e wehewehe pono ʻia me nā ʻāpana o ka ʻulaʻula a me ka ʻalani ʻalani. ʻO ka lōʻihi awelika o kahi moʻo nahesa ma mua iki o 100-110 knm. ʻO ka nahu o kēia mea kolo kolo hele pū me ke ʻano o ke kahe nui loa o ke kahe, ma muli o ka nui o nā niho maxillary. Kaulana nā lunamakaʻāinana o ke ʻano no ko lākou ʻano hoʻohālike i ka cobra ʻona. Ua pālahalaha ʻo Tiger i kona ʻāʻī i ke ʻano o ka pale a hoʻāla i ka ʻaoʻao mua o ke kino ma luna o ka honua.
ʻO Shitomordnik
ʻO ka moʻo nēkona ʻehiku kenetimita he kua ko ke kino, a ma kahi e ʻike maka ʻia ai nā wahi kahakaha hina ma ka pali. ʻO ka nahu o ka shitomordnik he mea ʻeha a weliweli loa i nā kānaka. Ma ke ʻano he ʻona, ʻike ʻia ka helehelena o nā hemorrhages he nui i loko o nā ʻōpū o loko. Ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, hiki i ka nahu o kēia nahesa ke hoʻonāukiuki i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka palalake kūloko a i ʻole nekrosis. Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, noho nā shitomordniks i ka steppes a me nā ululāʻau, a loaʻa pū kekahi i nā ʻāina pōhaku a me nā wahi haʻahaʻa o nā kahawai o ka North Caucasus.
Nahesa nahenahe
I kēia lā, ʻo ka heluna nui o nā nahesa non-ʻona ma kā mākou honua i ʻoi aku i ka nui o nā lunamaka o nā mea ʻawaʻawa. ʻO nā mea kolo, maikaʻi ʻole mai ke kuanaʻike o nā nahu, ʻaʻohe loa o ka lāʻau make, no laila, i ke kaʻina o ka hopu holoholona, hiki iā lākou ke ale i ka mea i hopu ʻia a pau (nahesa), a i ʻole makemake e ʻoki mua i kā lākou mea pio (boas, nahesa).
Ano maʻamau
ʻO ka lunamakaʻāinana maʻamau o ka lāhui o nā moʻo maoli i nā latitude wela o Eurasia, kahi nahesa non-venomous mai ka ʻohana Already-shaped, hiki ke hoʻomaopopo maʻalahi ʻia e ke kū ʻana o nā "pepeiao" melemele ʻano. Noho ʻia ka panalāʻau o Caucasus e nā moʻo nui, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke kino ma mua o 100 cm. ʻAʻole kūpiki nā nahesa, no laila, ke hui lākou me kahi kanaka, makemake lākou e haʻalele. Uhi ʻia nā aniani me nā lau wai pulu i wahi noho nui o ka nahesa maʻamau. ʻO ka unpretentiousness loa a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā ʻano nohona like ʻole o kēia nahesa non-venomous e ʻae iā ia e noho i kahi o nā biotopes āpau.
Nahesa popoki
ʻO kahi melemele melemele, hina hina a ʻulaʻula a me nā kala ʻeleʻele, ʻo ka nahesa ka lōʻihi o ke kino ma waena o 100 knm. ʻOkoʻa nā ʻāpana o nā ʻano i ka hoʻokaʻawale nui ʻia ʻana mai ke kino ma o ka ʻoki ʻana o ke poʻo o ke poʻo, a me kahi kino i kaomi ʻia mai nā ʻaoʻao a me nā haumāna kū. Maikaʻi loa ka moʻo popoki i ka piʻi ʻana i nā nāhelehele a me nā kumulāʻau, nā pali pōhaku a me nā paia o nā hale. I nā lā wela, ʻike wale ʻia ka nahesa i ke ahiahi a i ka pō paha, e hāʻawi ana i ka makemake i nā pali pōhaku i ulu ʻia me ka mauʻu a me nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi, nā wao akua a me nā wahi kokoke i nā ululāʻau mauna.
Nahesa opu melemele
ʻO kekahi o nā lunamaka ākea o nā holoholona o nā panalāʻau o ka North Caucasus kekahi i kaulana no kona nui, a no ka ʻāpana o nā moʻo nui loa ma ʻEulopa. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka nui o nā mākua ma mua o 2.5 mau mika. Hoʻohanohano ʻia ka laha e ka ʻoliva a i ʻole ka ʻili melemele, nā maka ʻōpuʻu, kahi ʻōpū ʻalani a me kahi ʻano moa. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēia nahe e ka hakakā a me ka hiki ke hoʻokau i nā nahu ʻeha ma luna o nā kānaka, akā ʻo ka mea make o ka nahesa melemele belu palekana loa ia no nā kānaka. Noho pinepine kēlā mea kolo ma nā pali o nā pali kahawai a me nā gullies, a kū kekahi i nā wahi steppe maloʻo.
Nahesa Transcaucasian
ʻO kahi lunamaka o nā lāhui i hana ʻia i kēia manawa he kino lōʻihi kaulike, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i hoʻokahi mika. ʻO kēia mea kolo, i kapa ʻia ma hope o ka Swiss naturalist kaulana ʻo Gogenaker, ʻike ʻia e ke ʻano o nā kiko ʻeleʻele liʻiliʻi ma luna o kona poʻo, a me kahi "stamp" kiʻi H ma kona ʻāʻī. Makemake ka moʻo Transcaucasian e noho i nā wahi neoneo o nā hale like ʻole, ʻike pinepine ʻia ia i nā pā waina, a me nā ulu lāʻau hoʻi. Ala ka nahesa i ke ao, akā me ka hoʻomaka o ka pō e hoʻāʻo e hūnā mai nā manu nui a me nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe. No nā kānaka, ʻaʻole weliweli ka moʻo Transcaucasian.
Nahesa makapō like me kohu
Ua hoʻolaha nui ʻia kahi lunamakaʻāinana o nā ʻano nahesa mai ka ʻohana o ka Nahesa makapō ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina o ka North Caucasus. ʻO ka lōʻihi o kahi nahesa makapō e like me ka mākua, ma ke ʻano he rula, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 30-35 knm. Hoʻopihi ʻia a puni ʻia ka waha o ka moʻo o ka moʻo, me kahi pale intermaxillary nui aʻe. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā nahesa makapō e nā unahi ʻulaʻula ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻulaʻula, a ʻano like ko lākou helehelena me kahi woro honua nui, hiki ke neʻe maʻalahi i mua me ka mua wale nō, akā me ka hope o ke kino. ʻIke ʻia kēia nahesa ma ka ulu lāʻau juniper, a hiki nō ke noho ma kahi kokoke i nā pūnana nunu.
Inā ʻoe i hālāwai me ka nahesa
Ke holoholo nei ma waena o ka Caucasus, he mea pono e hiki ke kaʻawale kaawale ma waena o nā moʻo nahesa a me nā mea kolo e palekana no nā kānaka.
- ʻokoʻa ka nahesa ʻawaʻawa mai nā ʻohana pono ʻole i kahi ʻano kūikawā o nā niho, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi, ʻōwili pinepine, aia ma ka ʻaoʻao mua o ka iwi ā luna;
- nā mea kolo weliweli, ma ke ʻano he rula, he poʻo triangular kona, a ma nā ʻano mea ʻona ʻole ʻokiʻoki ia;
- i ka hapanui o nā hihia, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā maka o nā moʻo nāhesa e kahi kū i luna aʻe ma mua o kahi haumana poepoe;
- ma waena o nā maka a me nā puka ihu o nā lunamakaʻāinana aia kekahi mau lua kūikawā e kōkua i ka ʻike ʻana i nā pio mehana koko wela;
- hiki i ka nahesa ke ʻike ʻia e kekahi mau ʻāpana melemele a ʻalani paha i waiho ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo;
- hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā unahi huelo o nā mea kolo weliweli i hoʻokahi kaha, a no nā nahesa ʻaʻohe mea lua i pāpālua ko lākou helu.
Ke hui ʻana me kekahi mea kolo, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e hoʻāʻo e hoʻopā iā ia. ʻO nā kāmaʻa kiʻekiʻe ka pale maikaʻi loa no kou mau wāwae, a ʻo kahi ipukukui e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka makaʻu o ka nahesa i ka pō. Hōʻalo i nā wahi me nā ʻōpala popopo a i ʻole nā lāʻau hollow e hiamoe ai.
ʻO ka poʻe loea e hana nei me nā moʻo nāhesa o nā ʻano like ʻole no ka manawa lōʻihi e hōʻoia i ka hiki i kēlā mau mea kolo ke nahu i kahi kanaka ke loaʻa ʻole ka pilikia, i ka pale ʻana iā ia iho. No laila, kapu loa ʻia ka alualu ʻana i ka nahesa no ka hoihoi o ka hoihoi. ʻO kēia hana ke hoʻonāukiuki pinepine nei i ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana e kahi mea kolo.
Inā nahu ka nahesa
Inā hoʻopilikia wale ʻia kahi nahesa e kahi kanaka i hoʻouka kaua ʻia, a laila hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kahi nahu o kahi ʻano ʻona mai kahi palekana e nā ʻano o ke koena i waiho ʻia ma ka ʻili. Ke nahu ʻia e kahi nahesa ʻino, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi puncture hohonu hohonu mai nā niho mau. Haʻalele nā mea kolo ʻino ʻole i kahi alahele ma ke ʻano o nā lālani ʻelua o nā punctures liʻiliʻi a ʻike ʻole ʻia a i ʻole nā kaha ʻelua. ʻO ia mau nahu, ma ke ʻano he rula, mai hoʻokau i kahi makaʻu koʻikoʻi, akā pono e mālama ʻia nā ʻeha me nā ʻano antiseptic, a laila pale ʻia mai nā ʻano kūwaho me kahi plaster.
Ke nahu ʻia e ka viper, gyurza a cormorant paha, pono ia e hoʻolako i ka lālā i hoʻopili ʻia me ke koena piha, kahi e hoʻolohi ai i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā mea make a puni ke kino. Hoʻopili ʻia ka lāʻau make mai ka ʻeha ma hope koke o ka nahu ʻana, a inā pono, hoʻonui ʻia ka ʻeha, ma muli o ia mea hiki ke hemo i kahi ʻāpana nui o ka toxin weliweli me ke koko. A laila disinfected loa ka pūnaewele nahu me kahi antiseptic a noi ʻia kahi lole sterile. Pono e hāʻawi koke ʻia ka mea i hōʻino ʻia i kahi hale olakino kokoke loa, kahi e hāʻawi ʻia ai kahi laulā o ka mālama olakino a hoʻolauna ʻia kahi lāʻau lapaʻau kūikawā kūikawā kūikawā.
