He iʻa ʻo Sargan me kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa a ʻano ʻē. Loaʻa i kahi Sargans kahi hiʻohiʻona hou aʻe e hana kū hoʻokahi iā lākou. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole keʻokeʻo nā iwi o ko lākou iwi iwi, akā ʻōmaʻomaʻo. A ma muli o nā ʻāʻī elongated a lahilahi, a elongated ikaika, ua loaʻa ka ka lua i ka inoa lua - ka iʻa pua.
Ka wehewehe o ka Sargan
No nā ʻohana kaona, nā ʻāpana o ka iʻa, nā ʻāpana lele ʻelua e noho ana i nā wai kai pāhiki a me nā kai subtropical, a me ka saury maʻamau, nā mea ʻai i kēnā ʻia mai loko mai o nā hale kūʻai.
Helehelena
No kēlā mau makahiki ʻelua a ʻekolu haneli miliona paha, ehia mau kini i koe ma ka honua, ua loli iki lākou i waho.
Lōʻihi a kikoʻī ke kino o kēia iʻa, pālahalaha iki ʻia mai nā ʻaoʻao, a hoʻohālikelike e like me ka puhi, a i ka nahesa kai paha. ʻO nā unahi he kaulike ia, me kahi aniani lei pearlescent e haʻi ʻia.
Hoʻonui ʻia ka iwi ā o ka iʻa pua i kahi ʻano kū hoʻokahi, ʻo ka ihu e lele ana i mua e like me ka "nuku" o kahi iʻa iʻa. ʻIke kekahi mau kānaka noiʻi i ke kēpau, ma muli o kēia hiʻohiʻona o waho, he ʻano like me nā moʻo lele o ka wā kahiko, nā pterodactyls, a ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke ʻohana.
Hoihoi! Hoʻohui ʻia ka like o waho me nā mea kolo kolo e ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o nā iwi ā o ka iʻa i loko i kiko maoli ʻia me nā niho liʻiliʻi, ʻoi, ke ʻano o nā dinosaurs lele.
Aia nā fector pectoral, dorsal a me anal fins ma ke kua o ke kino, kahi e hāʻawi ai i ka iʻa i ka loli kūikawā. Hiki i ka fin dorsal ke komo i nā kukuna 11-43; heʻuʻuku ka baud caudal a bifurcated. Hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka laina ʻaoʻao o ka iʻa pua i lalo, kokoke i ka ʻōpū, hoʻomaka ia ma ka wahi o nā pectoral fins a hoʻonui ʻia i ka hiʻu.
ʻEkolu mau pale nui i ke kala o nā unahi. ʻO ka kua o luna o ka garfish ʻeleʻele, bluish-ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Pena ʻia nā ʻaoʻao i ke kani keʻokeʻo hina. A māmā ka ʻōpū, keʻokeʻo silvery.
ʻO ke poʻo o ka iʻa pua ākea ākea ma ke kumu, akā nā tapers i ka hopena o nā ā. Ma muli o kēia hiʻohiʻona kūwaho, ua kapa ʻia ke kēpau he iʻa nila ma ʻEulopa. Eia naʻe, ma hope, ua hāʻawi ʻia kēia inoa i nā iʻa mai ka ʻohana nila. A loaʻa i ka kēpau kekahi inoa inoa ʻole ʻē aʻe: ua hoʻomaka lākou e kapa iā ia ka iʻa pua.
Ka nui o ka iʻa
Hiki ke lōʻihi o ke kino mai 0.6-1 mau mika, a hiki i ka nui o ke kaumaha i 1,3 kilogram. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka laulā o ke kino o ka iʻa i 10 cm.
ʻO ka nohona Sargan
ʻO nā Sargans he iʻa pelargic kai. ʻO kēia ka makemake o lākou e noho i ke kolamu wai a ma luna o ke kai, ʻoiai e ʻalo nei i nā hohonu a me nā ʻāʻalo kai.
ʻO ke ʻano ʻē o ke kino lōʻihi, pālahalaha ʻia mai nā ʻaoʻao, kōkua i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e neʻe kēia iʻa i kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa: ke hana nei i nā neʻe e like me ka nalu me ke kino holoʻokoʻa, e like me nā moʻo wai a me nā puhi. Me kēia ʻano o ka neʻe ʻana, hiki i ka iʻa garfish ke hoʻomohala i ka wikiwiki a hiki i 60 kilomita i kēlā me kēia hola i ka wai.
ʻAʻole wale ʻo Sargans, makemake lākou e noho i ke kai i nā ʻohana hipa nui, ka helu o kēlā me kēia kanaka e hiki ai i kahi mau tausani mau kānaka. Mahalo i ke ʻano o ke kula, ʻimi hou aku ka iʻa iʻa, a hoʻonui pū kēia i ko lākou palekana i ka wā o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana e nā mea ʻino.
Mea nui! Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā Sargans e nā neʻe kau o ke kau: i ka wā puna, i ka wā hānau, neʻe lākou kokoke i kahakai, a i ka hoʻoilo hoʻi lākou i ke kai ākea.
Na lākou iho, ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa kēia iʻa i kā lākou ʻano kolohe, akā aia kekahi mau hihia ke hōʻeha ʻia ka iʻa iʻa i nā poʻe. ʻO ka pinepine ka hana ʻana kēia i ka iʻa pua, makaʻu a makapō ʻia paha e kahi kukui mālamalama, lele i waho o ka wai a, me ka ʻike ʻole i kahi keakea i ke ʻano o ke kanaka, lele iā ia me kona ikaika āpau me ka maka ʻoi o kāna mau ā.
Inā hopu ʻia kahi iʻa ma ka milo ʻana, a laila kūʻē kēia iʻa: kāwili e like me ka nahesa, e hoʻāʻo nei e hemo mai ka lou mai, a nahu pū paha. No kēia kumu, paipai nā lawaiʻa ʻike i ka lawe ʻana i iʻa pua e ke kino ma hope pono o ke poʻo, no ka mea ʻo ia paʻa ʻana e hoʻēmi i ka makaʻu o ka ʻeha ʻia e kāna mau niho ʻoi.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o ka kēa
ʻO ke ola ke ola ma kahi o 13 mau makahiki i ka nahele Akā i nā paʻa o nā lawaiʻa, maʻamau, aia nā iʻa, nona ka makahiki he 5-9 mau makahiki.
Nā ʻano o ka kēpau
Aia i loko o ka ʻohana garfish he 10 genera a ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻelua mau kakini mau ʻano, akā ʻo ka iʻa, a ʻaʻole wale nā iʻa no kēia ʻohana, manaʻo ʻia he ʻelua mau ʻano: ʻEulopa a i ʻole garfish maʻamau (lat. Belone belone) a me Sargan Svetovidov (lat. ʻO Belone svetovidovi).
- Pāhola ʻEulopa. He kamaaina maʻamau ʻo ia i ka wai ʻAkelanika. Loaʻa ma kahakai o ʻApelika, a ma ke Kaiwaenahonua a me nā Kai ʻeleʻele. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka iʻa kēkope o ke Kai ʻEleʻele ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana ʻokoʻa: ʻokoʻa lākou mai nā iʻa ʻEulopa o nā ʻano nui i kahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a ʻōlelo maopopo ʻia, ʻeleʻele ma mua o kā lākou, ʻāpana ma ke kua.
- Sargan Svetovidova. Noho ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina o ka Moana ʻAkelanika. ʻIke ʻia ia ma kahakai o ke kahakai ʻAkelanika o Great Britain, ʻIlani, Sepania a me Pokukala, e ʻau ana paha i loko o ke Kai Kaiwaenahonua. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o kēia ʻano, i hoʻokaʻawale iā ia mai ka garfish ʻEulopa, ʻo kona liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi (ulu ʻo Svetovidov's garfish, ma ka hapanui, a hiki i 65 cm, a me ka garfish ʻEulopa - a 95 cm). Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka iwi ā lalo ma mua o ka mea kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ke kala o nā unahi he kālā, akā holo kahi ʻeleʻele i ka laina ʻaoʻao. Ua hoʻoneʻe ikaika ʻia nā dorsal a me nā anal anal i ka fin caudal. ʻAʻoleʻike iki ʻia e pili ana i ka nohona a me ka papaʻai o kēia ʻano. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ke ala o ke ola o kā Svetovidov garfish e like me ko ka European garfish, a ʻai ʻo ia i nā iʻa kai waena.
ʻO ka iʻa Pākīpika, ʻauʻau i ke kauwela a i nā kapakai o South Primorye a kū i ka Peter the Great Bay, ʻaʻole ia he garfish maoli, no ka mea no kahi ʻokoʻa loa ia, ʻoiai ka ʻano o ka ʻohana garfish.
Kahi noho, wahi noho
Noho ka iʻa pua i nā latitude mahana a mehana o ka ʻAkelanika, a loaʻa ia ma ke kahakai o ʻApelika ʻĀkau a me ʻEulopa. Holo i ke kai Kaiwaenahonua, ʻeleʻele, Baletika, ʻĀkau a me Barents. Loaʻa nā ʻāpana kai Black i nā kai Azov a me Marmara.
ʻO ka wahi noho o ke kēa maoli mai Cape Verde ma ka hema a Nolewai i ka ʻākau. I ke kai Baletika, loaʻa nā iʻa pana i nā wahi āpau, me ka hoʻokoe ʻia o nā wai saline liʻiliʻi ma ka ʻākau o ke Kai Kūʻono o bothnia. Ma Finilana, ʻike ʻia kēia iʻa i ke kau mahana, a ʻo ka nui o ka heluna kanaka e pili ana i nā kumu e like me, no ka laʻana, kahi hoʻololi i ka paʻakai o ka wai ma ka Baletika.
ʻAʻohe piʻi iki kēia iʻa kula i luna a aneane ʻaʻole e iho i kahi hohonu. ʻO ko lākou wahi nui ka papa waena o ke kai a me ka wai kai.
ʻAiʻai Sargan
ʻAi nui ia i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, a me nā invertebrates, me nā larva mollusk.
Alualu ʻia nā kula o ka iʻa e nā kula o nā iʻa ʻē aʻe e like me sprat a i ʻole European anchovy. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻimi i nā sardine liʻiliʻi a i ʻole nā mackerels, a me nā crustacea e like me amphipods. Ma ka ʻili o ke kai, ʻohi nā iʻa pua i nā mea kolo lele nui i hāʻule i loko o ka wai, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia ke kumu o ka papaʻai o ka iʻa.
ʻAʻole i koho nui nā iʻa pua i ka meaʻai, ʻo ia ke kumu nui no ke ola o kēia genus no hoʻokahi haneli miliona mau makahiki.
I ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, ʻo ka Garfish, ma hope o nā kula neʻe o nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, e neʻe i kēlā me kēia lā mai nā papa hohonu o ka wai i ka ʻili kai a me nā neʻe kau o ke kau mai ke kahakai a hiki i ke kai ākea a hoʻi i hope.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Hoʻomaka ka wā hānau i ka puna. Eia kekahi, mai ka wahi o ka noho, hana kēia i nā mahina like ʻole: ma ke Kaiwaenahonua, hoʻomaka ka hua ʻana i ka iʻa i loko o Malaki, a ma ke Kai ʻĀkau - ma mua o Mei. Hiki ke hoʻonui i nā manawa ʻōnohi i loko o kekahi mau pule, akā ʻo ka maʻamau ma Iulai.
E hana i kēia, hele mai nā wahine i kahakai kokoke kokoke iki ma mua o ka maʻamau, a ma ka hohonu o 1 a 15 mau mika moe lākou ma kahi o 30-50 tausani mau hua, a ʻo ka nui o ia a hiki i ka 3.5 mm ke anawaena. Hana ʻia ka ʻōnohi i nā ʻāpana, hiki i ʻeiwa o lākou, a hiki ka manawa ma waena o lākou i ʻelua mau pule.
Hoihoi! Hoʻokomo ʻia kēlā me kēia hua manu me nā wīwī lahilahi, me ke kōkua o ia mau hua i paʻa i nā mea kanu a i ʻole i kahi papa pōhaku.
ʻO nā larvae, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 15 mm ka lōʻihi, puka mai nā hua manu ma kahi o ʻelua pule ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. ʻAneʻane hana ʻia kēia mau mea, ʻoiai he iʻa liʻiliʻi loa.
He ʻeke yolk kā ka fry, akā liʻiliʻi ia i ka nui a hānai ka larvae i kāna mea i loko no ʻekolu wale nō lā. ʻO ka iwi ā luna, he ʻokoʻa i ka ʻāʻī lalo elongated, pōkole i ka ʻai a hoʻonui i ka lōʻihi ke oʻo a kēa. Hoʻolālā koke ʻia nā ʻino o nā lū ma hope o ka puka ʻana mai nā hua, akā ʻaʻole kēia e pili i ko lākou neʻe a me ka pale.
ʻAʻole like me nā kānaka silvery makua, ʻalani nā fry o nā iʻa pua brownish me nā kiko ʻeleʻele, kahi e kōkua iā lākou e camouflage me ka holomua ma lalo o ka papa o kahi one a pōhaku paha, kahi e noho ai nā iʻa liʻiliʻi i nā lā mua o ko lākou ola. ʻAi lākou i nā larvae o gastropods, a me nā molluscs bivalve.
Aia ke oʻo makua i nā wahine i ka makahiki o ʻelima a ʻeono makahiki, a hiki i nā kāne ke hānau i kahi makahiki ma mua.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻO nā ʻenemi nui o kēia mau iʻa he dolphins, iʻa predatory nui e like me ka tuna a i ʻole ka iʻa polū, a me nā manu kai.
Waiwai kālepa
Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Sargan kekahi o nā iʻa ʻono loa e noho ana i ke Kai ʻEleʻele. I kekahi manawa ʻo ia kekahi o nā ʻano iʻa i hopu ʻia ʻelima i hopu ʻia ma ka Crimea. I ka manawa like, hāʻule pinepine ka poʻe nui loa i nā ʻupena lawaiʻa, a aneane hoʻokahi mika ka nui, a hiki ke kaumaha i 1 kilokilo.
I kēia manawa, lawe ʻia ka hana kalepa ʻana o ka iʻa i ke kai ʻEleʻele a me Azov. ʻO ka mea nui, kūʻai ʻia aku kēia iʻa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a ʻūlū ʻia hoʻi, a puhi ʻia a hoʻomaloʻo ʻia. He kumu kūʻai kumukūʻai ʻole ia, akā i ka manawa like me ka ʻono maikaʻi loa o ka ʻiʻo, he olakino a momona ia.
Hoihoi! Pili ke kala ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ka iwi iwi o ka iʻa pua me kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka pigment ʻōmaʻomaʻo - biliverdin, ʻaʻole loa i ka phosphor a i ʻole nā mea ʻona ʻē aʻe o kahi malu like.
No laila, aia kekahi iʻa iʻa i kuke ʻia i kēlā me kēia ʻano, me ka makaʻu ʻole: he mea pōʻino ʻole ia, ʻokoʻa, ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa i ka iwi iwi.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Ua pālahalaha nui ʻia ka garfish ʻEulopa ma ka ʻAkelanika, a ʻo ke Kai ʻEleʻele, Kaiwaenahonua a me nā kai ʻē aʻe, akā paʻakikī e helu i ka nui o kona heluna kanaka, e like me nā iʻa kula ʻē aʻe. Eia nō naʻe, ke ola nei he mau kaukani mau shoals o kēia mau iʻa e hōʻike nei ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻoweliweli ʻia me ka make. I kēia manawa, ua hāʻawi ʻia i ke kēpau garfish maʻamau ke kūlana: "Nā ʻano o ka hopohopo iki." ʻO Sargan Svetovidova, he mea maikaʻi nō kekahi, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ākea ka pae.
He iʻa kupaianaha ʻo Sargan, mahalo ʻia e kona helehelena, kahi mea e like me kahi moʻo i hoʻopau ʻia, a me nā hiʻohiʻona o kāna physiology, kahi ʻano ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo o nā iwi. Hiki ke ʻano ʻē ke aka o ka iwi iwi o kēia iʻa a hoʻoweliweli hoʻi. Akā ʻono a maikaʻi ke olakino, a no laila, no ka hoʻokae, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e haʻalele i ka manawa kūpono e hoʻāʻo ai i kahi mea ʻono i hana ʻia mai ka ʻiʻo o ka iʻa pua.
