ʻO ka hare keʻokeʻo a i ʻole ka keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo kahi mamele ākea ākea o ka nui nui mai ka genus o ka hare a me ke kauoha o Lagomorphs. ʻO ka hare keʻokeʻo kahi holoholona maʻamau o ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Eurasia, akā he lāhui pau ʻole no ka noho ʻana ma Antarctica a me ʻAukekulia.
Ka wehewehe o ka hare keʻokeʻo
Nui ka nui o ka hare keʻokeʻo. Hoʻololi ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka holoholona makua ma waena o 44-65 cm, akā hiki kekahi mau mākua i 73-74 cm ka nui me ka nui o 1.6-5.5 kg. I ka manawa like, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā hare keʻokeʻo e noho ana ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina hema o ka pae i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā holoholona o nā ʻāina komohana ʻākau.
ʻIke, nā ana
ʻO nā keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo nui loa (a i 5.4-5.5 kg) nā kamaʻāina o ka tundra o Western Siberia, a me nā ʻelele liʻiliʻi o nā laha (a i ka 2.8-3.0 kg) e noho nei ma Yakutia a me ka panalāʻau o ka Hikina Hema. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o nā pepeiao o ka hare (7.5-10.0 cm), akā ʻike ʻia ʻoi aku ka pōkole ma mua o ka hare. ʻO ka huelo o ka hare keʻokeʻo, ma ke ʻano he keʻokeʻo, keʻokeʻo loa, pōkole a pōʻai ʻia i ke ʻano, me ka lōʻihi mai 5.0-10.8 cm.
He ākea nā paws o ka mammal, a uhi kahi lauoho mānoanoa o ka lauoho i nā wāwae me nā pale o nā manamana lima. ʻO ka ukana ma kēlā me kēia kenimika ʻāpana o ka poho o ka hare keʻokeʻo he 8.5-12.0 wale nō gram, no ka mea he holoholona hihiu hiki ke maʻalahi a neʻe koke aku a hiki i ka uhi hau nui loa. ʻO ke poʻo o ka hare keʻokeʻo ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele iki ma mua o ka hope, a ʻoi aku ka māmā o nā ʻaoʻao. Keʻokeʻo ka ʻōpū. Ma nā wahi wale nō kahi ʻole o ka uhi paʻa o ka hau ʻaʻole e keʻokeʻo nā keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo i ka hoʻoilo.
Ua hoʻokahe ʻo Hare i kekahi mau manawa i ka makahiki: i ka puna a me ke kauwela. Pili loa ke kaʻina molting i nā kumu o waho, a ua hoʻomaka ʻia ka hoʻomaka ʻana e kahi hoʻololi o ka lōʻihi o ka ʻāpana o ka lā. Hoʻoholo ke ʻano mahana o ka lewa i ka helu o ke kahe o ka molt. Hoʻomaka pinepine ka molt Spring i Pepeluali-Malaki a mau no 75-80 mau lā. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka pae, ma ka Hikina hikina a me Siberia, hoʻomaka ka molt i ʻApelila a Mei paha, e kauō ana a hiki i Kekemapa.
ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻo ia ke kaʻina o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ke kauwela i nā keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo i kahi ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, no laila hoʻololi ʻia ka hulu mai ka hope o ke kino a i ka wahi poʻo.
Ka nohona ola, hana
Teritori a me ka mehameha nā keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, e hāʻawi ana i ka makemake i kēlā me kēia kihi e like me ka nui mai 3 a 30 hectare. Ma luna o kahi ākea nui o kāna laulā, ʻo ka hare keʻokeʻo kahi holoholona noho, a hiki ke kaupalena ʻia kāna neʻe ʻana e ka hoʻololi kau o nā ʻāina forage nui. I ke kauwela a me ka hoʻoilo, ʻano like ka neʻe ʻana o ka wā i nā wahi ulu lāʻau. I ka pūnāwai, ʻoi aku ka makemake o kēlā holoholona i nā wahi hāmama loa kahi i ʻike ʻia nā lau nahele lau nahele mua.
No nā kumu no ka neʻe ʻana ʻo Precipitation; no laila, i nā makahiki ua, hoʻāʻo nā pāpale keʻokeʻo e haʻalele i nā wahi haʻahaʻa, e neʻe ana i nā puʻu. I nā wahi mauna, neʻe nā kau o ke ʻano kū i luna. I ke kauwela, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka laulā, pakele nā hares mai nā piko ma ka neʻe ʻana i nā kahawai kahawai a i ʻole nā wahi hāmama. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻoilo, hiki i nā keʻokeʻo ke ʻauana i nā wahi i hōʻike ʻia e ka uhi hau ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe loa. ʻO nā neʻe nui āpau o nā hares keʻokeʻo e ʻike ʻia i ka tundra, kahi e ʻike pinepine ʻia ai ke kiʻekiʻe ka nui o nā kānaka.
ʻO nā holoholona he nui crepuscular a me nā holoholona nocturnal, e hana nui i ke kakahiaka a i ʻole ke ahiahi. Hoʻomaka ka hānai a momona paha ma hope o ka napoʻo ʻana o ka lā, akā i nā lā kauwela, hānai pū nā hares i ke kakahiaka. Eia kekahi, ʻike ʻia nā mea momona i ke ao i nā keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo i ka wā o ka rutting. I ka lā, hele ka hare ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻelua mau kilomita, akā i kekahi mau wahi, hiki i nā neʻe i kēlā me kēia lā i nā wahi hānai ke hiki i ʻumi mau mile. I ka wā o thaws, snowfalls, a me ka ua ua, nā keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo e hoʻopiha hou i ka ikehu ma o coprophagia (ʻai excrement).
I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ko lākou mau hoahānau nahelehele, ʻaʻole haʻalele nā keʻokeʻo tundra keʻokeʻo i kā lākou mau lua inā pilikia lākou, akā makemake lākou e peʻe i loko a hiki i ka manawa e hala ai ka hoʻoweliweli i ke ola.
Pehea ka lōʻihi e ola ai kahi hare keʻokeʻo
Ke hilinaʻi pololei nei ka huina ola o ka hare i nā kumu i waho he nui. ʻO ke kumu nui o ka emi iki o ka huina protein o ka hess protein ka maʻi nui o nā maʻi - epizootics. Ma ka awelika, ʻaʻole ola nā keʻokeʻo ma mua o 5-8 mau makahiki, akā ʻike ʻia nā livers lōʻihi ma waena o nā holoholona, i noho ma kahi o ʻumi mau makahiki. ʻO nā kāne, ma ke ʻano he kūlana, noho ka nui ma mua o nā wahine.
Dimorphism moekolohe
I ke kala o ka hulu o ka hare keʻokeʻo, aia kahi dimorphism kau o ka makahiki i haʻi maopopo ʻia; no laila, i ka hoʻoilo, he hulu keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo kēlā me kahi mammal, koe wale nō nā piko o nā pepeiao ʻeleʻele. Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ke kala o ka hulu kauwela i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka laulā mai ka ʻulaʻula-hina i ka hina-hina me kahi aniani brownish. Loaʻa ka dimorphism moekolohe i ke kala o ka hulu o ka hare keʻokeʻo, a ʻo nā ʻokoʻa nui e hōʻike wale ʻia e ka nui o ka holoholona. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā hare keʻokeʻo wahine ma mua o nā kāne.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Hoʻokaʻawale like ʻia nā keʻokeʻo ma waena o kā lākou laulā, akā hoʻopili lākou i nā wahi i hiki ke hoʻolako i ka meaʻai kūpono a me ka pale hilinaʻi loa. ʻIke ʻia ka noho kūpono loa i ke kauwela, ke lako ka lako o ka meaʻai, a ʻo ka hau ʻaʻohe hau, kahi mea paʻakikī e neʻe. I nā makahiki me kahi helu kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻano o ka hare keʻokeʻo. ʻO nā mea nani loa no nā hares nā wahi ulu lāʻau i lahilahi ʻia e nā nāhelehele, nā aniani a me nā awāwa.
ʻO nā keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo he kamaʻāina maʻamau ia o ka tundra, a ʻo ka nahele hoʻi a me kahi ʻāpana ulu lāʻau ʻākau o Northern Europe, me Scandinavia, ʻĀkau o Polani, ʻIlani, Skotlandia a me Wale. ʻIke pinepine ʻia ka mammal ma Rūsia, Kazakhstan, nā ʻaoʻao komohana komohana o Mongolia, ʻĀkau hikina o Kina a me Iapana, a acclimatized hoʻi ma ʻAmelika Hema, e like me Chile a me Argentina. Eia kekahi, ke noho nei nā hare keʻokeʻo e kekahi mau mokupuni Arctic.
Ma nā panalāʻau o Rūsia, hoʻolaha ākea nā keʻena keʻokeʻo ma kahi ʻāpana nui o nā panalāʻau (i ka ʻākau a hiki i ka tundra zone). ʻO ka palena hema o ka laulā o ka hare e hōʻike ʻia e nā waho o nā wahi nahele. I nā koena fossil he nui, ua ʻike a aʻo ʻia kēlā ʻano mammal ma muli o nā waihona Pleistocene o luna o Don kiʻekiʻe, a me nā wahi o ka waena waena o nā Ural a me nā ʻāina o ke komohana ʻo Transbaikalia, me nā wahi mauna ʻo Tologoi.
No ka nohona o ka hare, e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka ea a me ka forage, ʻoluʻolu nā wahi waena o Rūsia, kahi e pili ana nā ulu lāʻau coniferous ākea i nā wahi deciduous a me ka ʻāina mahiʻai.
Papaʻai hare keʻokeʻo
ʻO nā hawk keʻokeʻo nā holoholona hihiu a ʻokoʻa ke kau i kā lākou papaʻai. I ka wā o ke kauwela a me ke kauwela, hānai nā hare i nā ʻāpana ʻōmaʻomaʻo o nā mea kanu, e like me clover, dandelion, peas mouse, yarrow a me goldenrod, bedstraw, sedge, a me nā mauʻu. ʻAi pū ka holoholona i ka ʻai o ka mahina ʻai, nā huaʻai a me nā wana o nā blueberry, nā lio a me kekahi ʻano o nā huaalalā.
Me ka hoʻomaka o ke kau, i ka wā e maloʻo ai ka mauʻu, hoʻololi ka hares i ka hānai ʻana i nā lālā liʻiliʻi o nā laʻalāʻau. I ka hoʻoilo, hānai nā hare keʻokeʻo i nā wana me ka nui o nā lāʻau a me nā kumulāʻau. ʻAneʻane i nā wahi āpau, ʻo ka meaʻai pū ka willow a me aspen, ʻoka a me ka maple, hazel. I kekahi mau wahi, hoʻopili ʻia ka meaʻai e ka lehu kuahiwi, nā cherry manu, nā alder, nā junipers a me nā pūhaka rose. I nā wahi mauna o ka Hikina Hema, ʻeliʻeli nā hue i nā cone pine mai lalo o ka pahu hau.
I ka puna, ʻākoakoa nā hare keʻokeʻo i nā ʻohana ma nā lau nahele i hoʻomehana ʻia e ka lā me ka mauʻu ʻōpio. I kēlā mau manawa, makemake nui nā holoholona i ka hānai ʻana i hiki ai iā lākou ke lilo i ke akahele kūlohelohe, e lilo ana i mea maʻalahi no nā mea ʻaihue. Me nā holoholona lau nahele ʻē aʻe, hemahema nā hares keʻokeʻo i nā minelala, no laila ʻai lākou i ka lepo i kekahi manawa a ale kekahi i nā ʻiliʻili ʻiliʻili.
Mākaukau nā lāhui keʻokeʻo i nā liko paʻakai, a no ka hoʻopiha hou ʻana i nā hui mineral hiki iā lākou ke ʻūlū i nā iwi o nā holoholona make a me nā pepeiaohao i kiola ʻia e nā elks.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Hānau nui loa ka poʻe keʻokeʻo, akā ma ka Arctic, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Yakutia a me Chukotka, hoʻopuka wale nā wahine i hoʻokahi hua i kēlā me kēia makahiki i ke kauwela. I nā wahi me nā kūlana anilā i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, hiki i nā hares ke hānau i ʻelua a ʻekolu paha manawa o ka makahiki. Kū pinepine nā hakakā ma waena o nā kāne makua i ka wā rutting.
ʻO ka manawa hānau ma nā wahine he 47-55 mau lā, a hānau ʻia nā lāpaki mai ka waenakonu o ʻApelila a i ka waena o Mei. I nā wahi nahele ma kēia wā, aia nō ka hau liʻiliʻi i kekahi mau wahi, no laila ua kapa pinepine ʻia nā cubs o ka ʻōpala i nā pūnana. ʻAneʻane ma hope koke o ka hānau ʻana, male hou nā lāpaki, a hānau ʻia ka lua o ka ʻōpala i ka hopena o Iune a Iulai paha. ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 40% o nā wahine oʻo kolohe i ke kolu o ka rut, akā make pinepine nā keiki belated.
ʻO ka helu nui o nā cubs i kahi ʻōpala e pili pono i nā ʻano o ka nohona, a me ke kūlana physiological a me nā makahiki o ka wahine. ʻO ka helu nui loa o nā lāpaki i hānau mau ʻia i ka lua o nā kauwela kauwela. Kū pinepine ka lambing ma kahi mehameha, akā ma ka ʻili o ka lepo. Ma ka ʻĀkau Hema, hiki i nā hare ke ʻeli i nā lua pāpaʻu, a hānau ʻia nā bea i ʻike ʻia a uhi ʻia me ka hulu mānoanoa.
I ka lā mua o ko lākou ola, hiki i nā lāpaki ke neʻe kūʻokoʻa. Mālama ka momona o ka lāpaki a kiʻekiʻe i ka momona (12% proteins a ma kahi o 15% momona), no laila hiki i nā cubs ke hānai iā lākou i hoʻokahi manawa wale nō i ka lā. Aia kekahi mau hihia kaulana loa i ka hānai ʻana o nā lāpaki wahine i nā hares a haʻi. Ulu wikiwiki nā kamaliʻi a hoʻomaka i ka hānai ʻana i ka mauʻu hou i ka lā ʻewalu. Kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa nā lāpaki i ʻelua mau pule o ko lākou mau makahiki, akā hiki lākou i ka moekolohe ma ka ʻumi mau mahina.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
I nā makahiki i hoʻohālikelike ʻia e ka nui o nā keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, piʻi nui ka nui o nā holoholona predatory, e like me nā lynxes, nā ʻīlio hipa a me nā ʻalopeke, nā coyote, nā ʻaeto gula, nā pueo, a me nā pueo aeto. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā ʻīlio hele hewa a me nā pōpoki hānai e makaʻu i nā hares, akā ʻo nā kānaka ka ʻenemi nui o ka hare.
Waiwai kālepa
Pili pono ka hare keʻokeʻo i ka mahele o ka holoholona ʻimi holoholona a me nā holoholona hihiu, a i kekahi mau kau, ʻimi ʻoniʻoli nā haʻuki haʻuki no kēlā holoholona i loko o ka pae holoʻokoʻa. ʻImi ʻia kahi helu nui o nā hares keʻokeʻo no ka ʻiʻo a me nā ʻili waiwai.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Ma ka laulaha, ʻo ka hare keʻokeʻo kahi ʻano maʻamau, maʻalahi maʻalahi i ke alo o ka poʻe, akā ʻo ka nui o ia holoholona e loli i nā wahi āpau i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO ke kumu nui o ke kaumaha i nā helu e hōʻike ʻia e epizootics, tularemia a me pseudotuberculosis. I waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, nā worm parasite, me nā cestode a me nā nematodes, e noho ana i loko o nā akemāmā, e kōkua i ka make nui o nā hares. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻohe mea hoʻoweliweli i kēia manawa no ka hoʻopau loa ʻana o ka hare keʻokeʻo.
