ʻO ka holoholona o kā mākou honua honua waiwai a ʻano like ʻole. I kēia lā e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i ka ʻelele lalo honua o ka honua holoholona - zokor. He mea like ia me kahi mea hoʻonani plush paʻa, i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo - kahi pest weliweli.
Hōʻike Zokor
ʻO kēia holoholona o nā subspecies Zokorin, nani nāʻiole mole.
Zokor - lunamakaʻāinana o ka genus Myospalax, ke kū nei i nā loli o nā ʻĀpana ʻĀkia ʻĀkau o nā rodent underground. He kūkulu paona ʻo ia e like me ka pāpale fluffy top. ʻO kona poʻo nui, me ka ʻole o ka ʻāʻī i haʻi ʻia, e kahe mālie i loko o kahi kino lōʻihi. ʻEhā mau lālā pōkole o ka zokor, ua kau ʻia ka lei aliʻi me nā māiʻuʻu nunui i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ke kino. Kūlou ʻia i loko o ka piʻo, hiki lākou i ka loa o 6 kenimika, hiki i kēia holoholona ke hele maʻalahi i kahi mamao ma lalo o ka honua, e ʻūlū iā ia me nā wāwae. Paʻa nā pads o nā manamana lima, ʻaʻole uhi ʻia me ka lauoho. Nui a hilinaʻi nā kapuaʻi, a ʻo nā māiʻuo lōʻihi o mua ke koi nei iā ia iho a ikaika loa, i hiki ai ke ʻeli mau loa. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā wāwae o mua ma mua o nā wāwae hope.
ʻIke nui nā maka liʻiliʻi i ka mālam, no ka mea ma kāna wahi maʻamau, ʻaʻole ʻike pinepine ka holoholona i nā kukuna o ka lā, no laila hūnā ʻia lākou i ka hulu i mea e pale aku ai iā lākou iho i ka mea hiki ke hiki i nā hua o ka honua e hāʻule ana i ka waha. ʻO nā maka o Zokor, kūlike ʻole i ka manaʻo o ka hapa nui, nāwaliwali, akā aia nō i kēia manawa. ʻOiai i ka hele ʻana i ka papa, uku ka holoholona no kēia hemahema me ka lohe nui a me ka honi. Pōkole ka auricle a hūnā ʻia i ka huluhulu mānoanoa.
Honi maikaʻi ka holoholona i ka meaʻai, i ka ʻimi ʻana i lilo ai i ka hapa nui o kona manawa. Hoʻolohe pū ʻo ia i kēlā me kēia manawa, e hoʻomaopopo ana i nā leo o nā mea āpau e hana nei ma luna. No laila, paʻakikī pinepine e hopu iā ia. Lohe i nā wāwae, ʻaʻole e hāʻule ka zokor i ka poʻe makemake ʻole. Ma ke ala - a ʻaʻole ʻoluʻolu loa ko lākou ʻano. Hiki i nā pēpē wale ke ʻae iā lākou e lawe i nā lima. ʻOi aku ka hakakā o nā mākua.
ʻIke, nā ana
ʻO nā zokors nā rodent medium-size, kaupaona ma waena o 150 a me 560 mau huna. ʻO Altai Tsokor ka lunamakaʻāinana nui loa, ulu a hiki i 600 gram. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka holoholona mai ka 15 a 27 mau kenimika. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne, ʻo ko lākou kaumaha ma kahi o 100 gram ka liʻiliʻi.
Uhi ʻia nā Zokors me ka pōkole, mānoanoa, silky, ʻoluʻolu i ka huluhulu hoʻopā, ʻo ke ʻano o ke ʻano, e pili ana i nā ʻano a me nā pilina o ka ʻāina, mai ka hina a i ka ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ka pinkish. I hoʻokahi ʻano, ua hoʻonani ʻia ka waha a me kahi kiko keʻokeʻo, a ʻo kekahi - nā kaha keʻokeʻo e waiho ana ma ka huelo.
He huelo conical pōkole kā ka zokor, ʻo kona lōʻihi mai 3 a 10 mau kenimika, ke kaukaʻi ʻia i ka nui o ka ona ponoʻī. Hiki ke kala ʻia ka huelo i hoʻokahi malu, pouli loa, a i ʻole hiki ke ʻeleʻele ma luna, ʻoi aku ka māmā ma lalo (a me kahi kiko keʻokeʻo holoʻokoʻa). Aia kekahi mau huelo, me he mea lā, haki ʻia e ka lauoho hina hina ma luna o ka wahi holoʻokoʻa, a i kekahi mau ʻano aia he huelo ʻōlohelohe ʻole.
Ka nohona ola, hana
Hoʻoikaika ka Zokors a me ka ʻeli nui loa. Hoʻolālā lākou i ka hapa nui o ko lākou manawa i ka neʻe. Ke ʻeli nei i nā tunnels me kā lākou mau wāwae wāwae māiʻu, huki lākou i ka lepo i kala ʻia ma lalo o lākou iho, a hoʻokuke aku iā ia ma hope me kā lākou mau wāwae wāwae. Me ke kōkua o nā niho incisor, gnaws maʻalahi ka zokor ma o nā rhizome e hoʻopilikia i ke ala. Ke hōʻiliʻili ka nui o ka honua i lalo o ka ʻōpū o ka holoholona, keʻehi ʻo ia iā ia me kona mau wāwae hope i ka ʻaoʻao, a laila huli a pahu i ka paila i loko o ke ana, e lawe mālie ana iā ia i ka papa i ka puʻu.
He lōʻihi lōʻihi nā lua o ka zokor. I ka hohonu, hiki iā lākou ke hōʻea i 3 mau mika, e holo wikiwiki ana i kanalima mika. He ʻano paʻakikī ko lākou, no ka mea, māhelehele ʻia nā ʻāpana a me nā lua i nā pae a me nā ʻāpana. ʻO nā wahi ʻai kokoke i ka ʻili a hoʻonui ʻia i kahi ʻano ʻupena, no ka mea hoʻonāwaliwali ka holoholona i ka lepo, e hoʻomaka ana mai ke aʻa (a ʻo nā aʻa aʻa kā lākou meaʻai punahele) kauō i ka mea kanu i loko o ka lua. Kūlohelohe a paʻa mau nā lua. E ʻeli kekahi zokor a poina koke iā lākou, i kekahi e hoʻi mai kēlā me kēia manawa a puni ke ola.
Haki ka lua nui i 2 mau mika ma lalo o ka ʻili a lako me nā keʻena kaʻawale no ka pūnana ʻana, ka mālama ʻana i ka meaʻai a me nā ʻōpala. ʻO kahi pūnaewele nui o nā tunnels pāpaʻu e holo ana ma lalo o nā mea kanu meaʻai. Hōʻike nā puʻu o luna i ke ala hele helehele o ka holoholona.
ʻAʻole hibernate nā Zokors, akā ʻoi iki ka hana. Aia i loko o nā mahina hoʻoilo e ʻike ʻia ai lākou ma ka ʻili. Uhi ka lepo me kahi kapeta paʻa ma mua o ka oxygen-permeable, a ʻo ka zokor, makaʻu i ka hanu, e holo nui ana i luna. Eia kekahi i kēia manawa hiki iā lākou ke hana nui me ka hana hou. I ka hopena o Malaki, hānau ka wahine i keiki i ka nui o 3-5 cubs i ka ʻōpala. Aia kekahi kumumanaʻo e like me ka hoʻohui ʻia o nā lua o ke kāne a me ka wahine. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole kēia i hōʻoia ʻia he 100%, ʻo ia hoʻi he mea pohihihi ia. ʻOiai ʻo ka ʻike ʻia o kēia mau holoholona ma mua o ʻelua haneli mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ʻike ʻole ʻia e pili ana iā lākou, ma muli o ke alakaʻi ʻana o nā zokors i kahi nohona huna o ka honua.
ʻIke ʻia ʻaʻole he holoholona aloha nā zokors, noho wale lākou. ʻOiai i ka hui ʻana me nā ʻelele o kā lākou ʻano ponoʻī, hana lākou i ka belligerent, lawe i nā ʻano pose āpau no ka hoʻouka kaua.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola o ka zokor?
Ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi, hiki i ka zokor i ka nāhelehele ke ola a 3-6 mau makahiki.
Dimorphism moekolohe
ʻO nā wahine o nā ʻano āpau ke nānā aku i ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā kāne. ʻOkoʻa ko lākou kaupaona e 100 gram.
Nā ʻano zokors
ʻO Zokors i loaʻa ma ka panalāʻau o ka Lūkia Hui e mahele ʻia i ʻekolu mau ʻano. ʻO kēia mau ʻano Daurian, Manchurian a me Altai. Noho ka mea mua ma Transbaikalia, ʻaʻole nui ia, aia kona lōʻihi i 20 kenimika. He ʻāpana kala o luna o ke kino. He mea hoihoi ia i ka heluna heluna kanaka i ka hema a me ka hikina, e pouli ana ke kala o nā holoholona e noho ana i kēia mau panalāʻau. ʻAʻole like me kāna mau hoa, hiki i ka Daurian zokor ke ola i nā wahi me ka lepo crumbly, e laʻa me nā wahi one a me ke one.
ʻO ka lua - Manchurian, hāʻawi ʻia i ka hema hikina o Transbaikalia, ma nā kapa o ka Amur a ma South Primorye. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻolaha aku kona heluna kanaka i ka ʻĀkau Hikina o Kina. Ke ulu nei ka mana o ka mahiʻai, ke emi wikiwiki nei kāna helu. I kēia manawa noho lākou i nā wahi kaʻawale a kaʻawale o nā wahi. ʻO ka helu hānau haʻahaʻa o kēia laha e hōʻino pū i ka heluna kanaka. Hānau kahi wahine o Manchurian zokor i 2 a 4 mau pēpē.
ʻO ka mea nui o nā mea āpau, ʻo Altai zokor, hiki i kahi kaumaha o 600 mau gram a noho i nā ʻāina o Altai. ʻO kona lōʻihi o ke kino ma kahi o 24 mau kenimika. ʻO kona kala e hoʻomalu ʻia e nā leo pouli, e lilo i ʻulaʻula, ʻeleʻele a me nā aka ʻulaʻula. A uhi ʻia ka hiʻu me ka lauoho keʻokeʻo. Aia ma ka ihu o kēia zokor kahi mānoanoa callusum e mānoanoa ana, he ākea, he mana mana ʻole kona no ka liʻiliʻi o nā holoholona.
I ka hōʻuluʻulu, aia he 7. Ma ka hoʻohui i nā ʻano ʻekolu i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, aia kekahi zokor Ussuri, ka zokor Kina, ka zokor Smith a me ka zothor Rothschild.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
ʻO ka ʻāpana teritori o zokors e komo pū me nā ʻāina o Kina ʻAkau, Mongolia Hema a me Siberia Komohana. Makemake lākou i nā kula ma nā wahi ulu lāʻau, makemake lākou e noho ma nā awāwa, ma nā awāwa mauna hoʻi ma nā kiʻekiʻe mai 900 a 2200 mau mika. ʻIke ʻia lākou e nā wahi me nā steppes soddy, nā pali pōhaku a me nā pōhaku one, hoʻāʻo nā holoholona e hōʻalo. Pono i ka wahi kūpono no kahi zokor kahi lepo ʻeleʻele momona me ka nui o nā mea kanu, nā tubers a me nā ʻano rhizome āpau. No laila, ʻaʻole ia he mea kupanaha i ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o kēia mau koʻokoʻo i nā wahi hānai, nā wahi o nā māla mahiʻai i haʻalele ʻia, nā māla a me nā māla mea kanu.
ʻOiai ua wehewehe pinepine ʻia nā zokors ma ke ʻano he "ʻoleole mole", ʻaʻole pili nā mole i nā māmela (me ka insectivora) no kēia mau holoholona, ʻoiai lākou e ʻike nei, ʻoiai nāwaliwali, nā maka. ʻAʻohe o lākou pili pili kūpuna me nā ʻano rodent ʻē aʻe e like me nāʻiole mole ʻApelika, nā ʻiole ʻohe, blesmols, mole makapō, ʻiole, mole, a me ka vole. ʻO ka hapanui paha, ʻo nā zokors he lunamakaʻāinana maoli o ka hui ʻAkau ʻAkau ʻAkau ʻole o lākou ʻohana pili; hana lākou i kā lākou ʻohana iho (Myospalacinae) o nā rodents. ʻO ka mōʻaukala paleontological o ka zokor e hoʻi i ka hopena o ka Miocene (11.2 miliona a 5.3 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei) ma Kina.
Meaʻai Zokor
ʻAʻole like me ka poʻe makapō a me nā mole, ʻai wale ʻo zokor i ka meaʻai o ka mea kanu wale nō. ʻO kāna papaʻai ka nui o nā aʻa, nā puʻupuʻu a me nā aʻa aʻa, i kekahi manawa ʻai lākou i nā lau a me nā wana. Ma ka laulā, nā mea āpau e ʻike i ke ala o ka pōwā burrow. I nā manawa wī wale nō hiki i ka zokor ke ʻai i nā wīwī ma ke ʻano ʻokoʻa. Akā inā hopu ʻia nā māla ʻuala ma ke ala o ka zokor, ʻaʻole ia e mālie a hiki i ka wā e hoʻoneʻe ʻia i nā tubers āpau i kāna lua. I ka wā o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻai, hiki i ka hale waihona waiwai Altai zokor ke loaʻa i 10 mau kilokika o nā meaʻai. Ma ka hana ʻana i kēia, hana ʻino loa lākou i ka ʻāina mahiʻai. ʻO Zokor, ka mea i ʻike i ka ʻuala i ka māla, ʻo ia ka ʻenemi ʻino o kāna mea nāna.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
ʻAʻohe hiki iki i ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻōpio i kēia mau holoholona ma 1-2 mau makahiki. ʻO ke kumu, i ka makahiki ʻehiku a ʻewalu paha mahina, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā zokors e hōʻea i ka moekolohe. No laila ua hiki i ka manawa e ʻimi i kahi pālua no ke kau hānau. Ma kahi kokoke i ka hoʻoilo, i ka hopena o ke kau, hoʻomaka ka manawa no nā pāʻani moʻa. A i ka puna, i nā lā hope o Malaki, hānau ʻia nā keiki hou. Hānau ka wahine he hoʻokahi wale nō manawa i ka makahiki, aia mai 3 a 10 mau pēpē i ka ʻōpala, e like me ka laha. ʻO ka pinepine, ma kahi o 5-6 mau keiki i hānau ʻia i hoʻokahi ʻohana. Ua ʻōlohelohe lākou, me ka ʻole o ka lauoho hoʻokahi, pelekiki a liʻiliʻi.
ʻOiai noho kaʻawale nā zokors, hoʻokumu ʻia ko lākou ʻohana no ka manawa o ka male ʻana wale nō, ʻo ia hoʻi, no kekahi manawa. ʻO kēia ka manaʻo o ka wahine e hānai i nā pēpē ma kāna iho. ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, no kēia mea he nipples ʻo ia me ka waiū, aia ma ka ʻōpū i 3 mau lālani.
I ka wā o ke kauwela a me ke kauwela, ulu a nui nā pēpē ma ka nui o nā mea kanu mea kanu a hiki i ka 4 mau mahina hoʻomaka lākou e alakaʻi lohi i kahi ola kūʻokoʻa. Mai ka makahiki o 4 mau mahina, hiki iā lākou ke ʻeli i kā lākou mau tunnels ponoʻī, a mai ka makahiki o 8 ka hapanui o lākou e noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ka loaʻa ʻana o kā lākou keiki ponoʻī.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
Me ka mālama nui i ka neʻe ʻana ma luna o ka honua, lilo ka zokor i kekahi manawa i nā holoholona hihiu. ʻO kona mau ʻenemi kūlohelohe me nā manu nui o ka ʻai, ferrets a me nā ʻalopeke. Pau kēia mau holoholona hāhā i ka ʻili no nā kumu he nui: kūkulu hou ʻia kahi hale i wāwahi ʻia e kekahi kanaka, ma muli o ke kahe ʻana o ka lua a i ʻole kāna palau. Eia kekahi, pono e hoʻonohonoho ʻia kekahi kanaka ma waena o nā ʻenemi kānalua.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
ʻO Zokors kahi waiwai ʻoihana lua no ke kanaka. I ka wā kahiko, hopu ʻia lākou no ka hana ʻana i nā huahana huluhulu. ʻOiai ʻo ka huluhulu o kā lākou hulu hipa a ʻoluʻolu hoʻi i ka paʻi ʻana, ʻaʻole makemake ʻia nā ʻili zokor e like me nā mea maka no ka humuhumu. I ka manawa like, hoʻomau ka luku ʻia o kēia holoholona, ʻoiai ka zokor i manaʻo ʻia he pest maoli ka mana o nā mahi mahiʻai. Ma nā wahi a ka holoholona i hana ʻole ai i nā mea i hōʻino ʻia e kāna ʻai maoli ʻana i nā rhizome a me nā huaʻai, ma laila ia "haʻalele" i nā puʻu o ka ʻāina i hoʻopilikia i ka mahi maʻamau maʻamau. Pale lākou i ka ʻoki ʻana i nā mea kanu, keakea i ka palau ʻana.
Hoʻopau pū nō hoʻi ʻo Zokors i nā pūnaewele hānai ma o kā lākou mau ʻeli ʻana.
ʻO ka mea ʻokoʻa ka Altai zokor - kahi ʻano e pono ai ka pale, i kaha ʻia me he mea lā e pau i ka make.
Eia kekahi, ma ka ʻāina ʻo Primorsky Krai, ke hoʻomau ʻia nei ka hana e mālama ai i ka lehulehu o ka Manchurian zokor, ma muli o ka hoʻolaha nui ʻana o nā hana mahiʻai a me ka nele o ka ʻike e pili ana i ka hana hou ʻana o kēia ʻano. Ma ke ʻano he mālama mālama, ke hoʻomaka nei ka hana e hoʻonohonoho i nā zakaznik me ka pāpā o ka mahi ʻana i ka ʻāina.
