ʻO nā buffaloes nā mea ulu lāʻau e noho ana i nā latit hema a hapa iki i ka like me nā bipi maʻamau. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou mai ka hope aku e kahi kino ikaika a me nā pepeiaohao, kahi i ʻano ʻokoʻa loa. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole pono i kekahi e noʻonoʻo i ka nui o nā buffalo: i waena o lākou kekahi mau ʻano i hiki ʻole i nā lunamakaʻāinana ke kaena i nā nui.
Hōʻike o ka buffalo
ʻO nā Buffaloes he artiodactyls ruminant no ka ʻohana bovine, a ʻo ka ʻohana bovids kekahi. I kēia manawa, aia ʻelua ʻano buffaloes: ʻApelika a me ʻAsia.
ʻIke, nā ana
Bufalo ʻAsiatic, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka buffalo wai ʻInia, ʻo ia kekahi o nā holoholona nui loa o ka subvamily bovine. Ua hiki aku kona lōʻihi o ke kino i ʻekolu mau mika, a hiki ke kiʻekiʻe i nā mea maloʻo i 2 mau mika. ʻO ke kaumaha o nā kāne nui he 1000-1200 kg. Kupaianaha loa nā pepeiaohao o kēia mau holoholona. I ke ʻano o ka mahina puāhilo, kuhikuhi i nā ʻaoʻao a me ke kua, hiki iā lākou ke hōʻea i ʻelua mau mika ka lōʻihi. Kupaianaha, ʻo ka pepeiaohao o nā pepeiaohao o ka buffalo Asia ka lōʻihi loa i ka honua.
Hinahina ke kala o kēia mau holoholona, o nā aka like ʻole mai ka hina hina a i ka ʻeleʻele. Lahilahi ko lākou ʻaʻahu, lōʻihi lōʻihi a ākea hoʻi, kahi e ʻā ai ka ʻili me ka pigmentation hina. Ma ka lae, hana ka lauoho elongated liʻiliʻi i kahi ʻano tuft, a ma ka ʻaoʻao i loko o nā pepeiao ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi ma mua o ke kino holoʻokoʻa, e hāʻawi ana i ka manaʻo e pili ana lākou i ka lau o ka lauoho.
Nui a ikaika ka kino o ka wai Indian buffalo, ikaika a ikaika nā wāwae, nui a manamana nā mākia, e like me nā artiodactyls ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ke poʻo e like me ke ʻano o ka bipi, akā me ka iwi poʻo nui a me ka mux elongated, e hāʻawi ana i ka holoholona i kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona. Liʻiliʻi nā maka a me nā pepeiao, ʻokoʻa ke kūlike i ka nui me nā pepeiaohao kōkua nui, ākea ma ke kumu, akā ke kī ʻoi loa i nā wēlau.
ʻO ka huelo o ka buffalo ʻAsia e like me ka bipi: lahilahi, lōʻihi, me kahi lauoho elongated o ka lauoho ma lalo, e like me ka palaki.
Buffalo ʻApelika he holoholona nui ʻiʻo nō naʻe ia, ʻoi aku kona liʻiliʻi ma mua o kona hoahānau ʻAsiatic. Hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe ma kahi maloʻo ke piʻi i 1.8 mau mika, akā maʻamau, ma ke ʻano he rula, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i ka 1.6 mika. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino he 3-3.4 mau mika, a ʻo ke kaupaona he 700-1000 kg ka nui.
ʻO ka hulu hipa o ka buffalo ʻApelika he ʻeleʻele a hina ʻeleʻele, ākea a ākea hoʻi. ʻO ka ʻili i ʻike ʻia ma o ka lauoho lauoho he ʻeleʻele, hina maʻamau, pigmentation.
ʻO ke kapa o kēia ʻano laha e lahilahi me ka makahiki, ʻo ia ke kumu e ʻike ai ʻoe i kekahi manawa i kekahi ʻano o nā "aniani" māmā a puni nā maka o nā buffaloes ʻApelika kahiko.
He mana loa ke kumukānāwai o ka buffalo ʻApelika. Hoʻonoho ʻia ke poʻo ma lalo o ka laina o ke kua, ikaika ka ʻāʻī a muscular loa, hohonu ka umauma a lawa ka mana. ʻAʻole lōʻihi nā wāwae a nui loa.
Hoihoi! 'Oi aku ka nui o nā mākia mua o nā buffalo' Aferika ma mua o nā wāwae hope. Pili kēia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka ʻaoʻao mua o ke kino i kēia mau holoholona i ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kaumaha ma mua o ka ʻaoʻao hope a i mea e paʻa ai ia mea, ʻoi aku ka nui a me ka ʻoi aku o ka ikaika o nā kui.
ʻO ke poʻo e like me ke ʻano o ka bipi, akā ʻoi aku ka nui. Liʻiliʻi nā maka, hoʻonohonoho hohonu. Ākea a nunui nā pepeiao, me he mea lā e ʻokiʻoki ʻia me ke kihi o ka hulu hipa lōʻihi.
He ʻano ʻokoʻa ke ʻano o nā pepeiaohao: mai ka piko o ke poʻo, ulu lākou i nā ʻaoʻao, a ma hope a kūlou lākou i lalo, a laila a piʻi a i loko hoʻi, e hoʻohālikelike ana i nā lou ʻelua, hoʻomoe kokoke kokoke i kekahi i kekahi. ʻO ka mea hoihoi, me ka makahiki, me he mea lā e ulu pū nā pepeiaohao me kekahi, e hana ana i kekahi ʻano pale ma ka lae o ka buffalo.
Ma waho aʻe o ka buffalo Asia a me ʻApelika, pili pū kēia ʻohana tamarau mai Pilipine a me ʻelua ʻano anoahe noho nei ma Sulawesi. ʻAʻole like me ko lākou ʻohana nui, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia kēia mau buffalo dwarf e ko lākou nui nui: ʻo ka mea nui o lākou ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 105 cm ma kahi maloʻo. A ʻo ko lākou mau pepeiaohao ʻaʻole e like me ka nani o nā ʻano nui. I ka mauna anoa, no ka laʻana, ʻaʻole lākou i ʻoi aku ma 15 cm ka lōʻihi.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ka nohona
ʻO ka hapanui o nā ʻano buffaloes, me ka ʻokoʻa hoʻi o nā mea pāpaʻa e noho mamao aku ana mai ka lāhui, ʻike ʻia e kahi ʻano kolohe. ʻAʻole makaʻu ka poʻe Buffalo wai ma mua o ka poʻe a i ʻole nā holoholona ʻē aʻe, a me nā buffalo wai ʻApelika, akahele a makaʻala hoʻi, ke pane nui nei i ka helehelena o nā malihini ma kahi kokoke a hiki ke hoʻouka i kahi kānalua iki.
ʻO nā buffaloes nui āpau he holoholona gregarious, ʻoiai ʻo nā mea ʻApelika e hana nei i nā holoholona nui, a i kekahi manawa a hiki i kahi mau haneli mau kānaka, hana nā mea Asia i kekahi mea e like me nā hui ʻohana liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka maʻa mau, pili lākou i hoʻokahi bipi kūpuna a me ka ʻike, ʻelua a ʻekolu paha mau kāne ʻōpio a me kekahi mau wahine me nā keiki. Aia kekahi mau kāne kāne ʻelemakule i lilo i ka hakakā nui ʻole e noho pū me ka ʻohana. Ma ke ʻano he kūpikipiki lākou a ʻokoʻa hoʻi, a me kā lākou ʻano ʻino, a me nā pepeiaohao nui, a lākou e hoʻohana ai me ke kanalua ʻole.
ʻAno e hoʻohoka mai nā kānaka a makemake i ka alakaʻi ʻana i kahi nohona kaʻawale.
ʻO nā buffalo ʻAfelika i ka pō. Mai ke ahiahi a hiki i ka puka ʻana o ka lā, hānai lākou, a i ka wela o ka lā e peʻe ai lākou i ka malu o nā kumulāʻau, a i ʻole i nā nāhelehe ʻohe, a i ʻole e hoʻomoe ʻia i loko o ka lepo lepo, kahi, e hoʻomaloʻo ana i ko lākou ʻili, e hana i kahi "pūpū" pale e pale aku ai i nā parasite kūwaho. ʻAi maikaʻi nā Buffaloes, i ʻae i kēia mau holoholona e hele i nā kahawai ākea i ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana. He ʻano pilau a hoʻolohe hoʻi ko lākou, akā ʻaʻole lākou e ʻike maikaʻi loa i nā ʻano buffalo.
Hoihoi! I ke kaua kūʻē ʻana i nā ticks a me nā parasite omo wai ʻē aʻe, ua loaʻa i nā buffalo ʻApelika kekahi ʻano o nā mea kōkua - nā manu huki e pili ana i ka ʻohana starling. Noho kēia mau manu liʻiliʻi ma hope o ka buffalo a kuʻi i nā parasites. ʻO ka mea hoihoi, hiki i nā deragona 10-12 ke holo ma luna o hoʻokahi holoholona i ka manawa hoʻokahi.
ʻO ka buffalo ʻĀsia, kahi e ʻehaʻeha nui nei i nā parasite kūwaho, lawe i ka ʻauʻau lepo no kahi manawa lōʻihi a he ʻano kōkua pū kekahi kā lākou i ke kaua ʻana i nā tikika a me nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe - nā herona a me nā kuhukukū wai, e pakele nei iā lākou i nā parasite huhū.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o kahi buffalo
Noho nā buffaloes ʻApelika i 16-20 mau makahiki i ka nāhelehele, a ola nā buffalo ʻAsia a 25 mau makahiki. I nā zoo, hoʻonui nui ke kali o ko lākou ola a hiki ke aneane 30 mau makahiki.
Dimorphism moekolohe
ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka wahine i ka nui o ke kino a ʻoi aku ka nani i ke kumukānāwai. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ko lākou pepeiaohao i ka lōʻihi a ʻaʻole ākea.
I nā buffaloes ʻApelika, ʻaʻole nui ka nui o nā pepeiaohao o nā wahine e like me nā kāne: ʻo ko lākou lōʻihi, ma ka awelika, he 10-20% ka liʻiliʻi, a ʻo lākou, ma ke ʻano he rula, ʻaʻole e ulu pū ma ke kalaunu o ko lākou poʻo, ʻo ia ke kumu "ka pale kaua "ʻAʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia.
Nā ʻano o ka buffalo
ʻO nā Buffaloes he ʻelua hanauna: ʻAsia a me ʻApelika.
Ma ka huli, ʻo ka genus o ka buffalo Asia he mau ʻano:
- Buffalo ʻĀsia.
- Tamarau.
- Anoa.
- Anoa kuahiwi.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā buffaloes ʻApelika e hoʻokahi wale nō ʻano, i hoʻopili ʻia me nā subspecies, e like me ka buffalo ululāʻau dwarf, ʻokoʻa ʻelua i ka liʻiliʻi - ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 120 cm ma kahi maloʻo, a me nā kala ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula, malu ʻia me nā kaha pouli ma ke poʻo, ka ʻāʻī, nā poʻohiwi. a me nā wāwae mua o ka holoholona.
ʻOiai ʻo ka manaʻo o kekahi poʻe noiʻi e noʻonoʻo i ka buffalo nahele dwarf he ʻano ʻokoʻa, hana pinepine lākou i nā keiki hānai mai ka buffalo ʻApelika maʻamau.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
I ka nāhelehele, ʻike ʻia nā buffalo ʻAsia ma Nepal, India, Thailand, Bhutan, Laos, a me Kambodia. Loaʻa lākou iā lākou ma ka mokupuni ʻo Ceylon. Ma ka waena o ke kenekulia 20, ua noho lākou ma Malaysia, akā i kēia manawa, malia paha, ʻaʻole lākou ma laila i ka nahelehele.
ʻO Tamarau ka hopena o ka mokupuni ʻo Mindoro i ka pae ʻāina ʻo Pilipine. He hopena pū kekahi ʻo Anoa, akā ua kau ʻia ma ka mokupuni ʻo Sulawesi. ʻO kekahi ʻano e pili ana - ka anoa kuahiwi, ma kahi o Sulawesi, loaʻa pū ʻia ma ka mokupuni liʻiliʻi ʻo Buton, aia ma kahi o kāna wahi nui.
Ua pālahalaha ka buffalo ʻApelika ma ʻApelika, kahi e noho ai ia ma nā wahi nui ma ka hema o ka Sahara.
Makemake nā ʻano buffalo āpau e noho ma nā wahi waiwai i ka mauʻu mauʻu.
Piʻi nā buffalo ʻĀkia i kekahi manawa i nā kuahiwi, kahi e hiki ai ke loaʻa iā 1.85 km ma luna o ka pae kai. He ʻano maʻamau kēia no ka tamarau a me ka anoa kuahiwi, makemake e noho i nā wahi nahele mauna.
Hiki i nā buffaloes ʻApelika ke noho i nā kuahiwi a i nā ulu ulu nahelehele, akā ʻo ka hapa nui o nā ʻelele o kēia ʻano, eia naʻe, makemake lākou e noho i nā sabana, kahi e nui ai nā lau nahele, nā wai a me nā kumulāʻau.
Hoihoi! Pili ka nohona o nā buffalo āpau i ka wai, no laila, noho mau kēia mau holoholona ma kahi o nā kino wai.
ʻAi Buffalo
E like me nā mea kanu lāʻau āpau, hānai kēia mau holoholona i nā meaʻai mea kanu, a ʻo kā lākou papaʻai e pili ana i nā ʻano a me nā wahi noho. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻai nui ka buffalo Asia i nā mea kanu wai, ʻo ka mahele o kāna papa kuhikuhi e pili ana iā 70%. ʻAʻole ʻo ia e hōʻole i nā cereal a me nā mea kanu.
ʻAi nā buffaloes ʻApelika i nā mea kanu lau nahele me ka ʻike kiʻekiʻe o ka fiber, a eia kekahi, hāʻawi lākou i kahi kūpono kūpono i kekahi mau ʻano wale nō, ke hoʻololi nei i kahi mea kanu mea kanu ke pono wale. Akā hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i nā greens mai nā kumulāʻau, ʻo ka mahele o kā lākou papaʻai e pili ana iā 5% o nā hānai ʻē aʻe āpau.
ʻAi nā ʻano dwarf i nā mea kanu lau nahele, nā ʻōpiopio, nā hua, nā lau a me nā mea kanu wai.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
No nā buffaloes ʻApelika, aia ka wā hānau i ka puna. I kēia manawa ia kūwaho kūwaho, akā ʻaneʻane hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā hakakā koko ʻole ma waena o nā kāne o kēia ʻano, ʻo ke kumu o ka make ʻole o ka hoa paio a i ʻole ka ʻeha ʻana o ke kino iā ia, akā he hōʻike ia o ka ikaika. Eia nō naʻe, i ka wā o ka rut, ʻoi aku ka hakakā a me ka huhū o nā kāne, keu hoʻi inā he mau buffalo ʻeleʻele lākou e noho ana ma ka hema o ʻApelika. No laila, ʻaʻole palekana ke hoʻokokoke ʻana iā lākou i kēia manawa.
He 10 a 11 mau mahina paha ka lōʻihi o ka hāpai ʻana. Hana ʻia ke ʻoluʻolu i ka hoʻomaka o ke kau ua, a, ma ke ʻano he kūlana, hānau ka wahine i hoʻokahi keiki ke kaumaha ma kahi o 40 kg. I nā ʻāpana Cape, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā keiki bipi, hiki pinepine ke kaumaha i 60 kg i ka wā hānau.
Ma hope o ka hapahā o ka hola, piʻi ka cub i kona mau wāwae a hāhai i ka makuahine. ʻOiai ʻo ka mea mua no ka manawa mua e hoʻāʻo kahi keiki bipi e ʻūlū i ka mauʻu i ka makahiki o hoʻokahi mahina, hānai ka buffalo iā ia me ka waiū no ʻeono mahina. Akā naʻe ma kahi o 2-3, a e like me kekahi ʻikepili, ʻoiai he 4 mau makahiki, noho ka bipi kāne me ka makuahine, a ma hope ua haʻalele ia i ka pipi.
Hoihoi! ʻO ka wahine e ulu ana, ma ke ʻano he kūlana, ʻaʻole ia e haʻalele i kāna ʻohana ʻōiwi ma nā wahi āpau. Ua hōʻea ʻo ia i ka moekolohe ma 3 mau makahiki, akā ʻo ka manawa mua e lawe i nā keiki, maʻamau i 5 mau makahiki.
I ka buffalo ʻAsiatic, ʻaʻole pili ka wā hānau me kekahi kau kikoʻī o ka makahiki. ʻO ko lākou hāpai hāpai he 10-11 mau mahina a pau me ka hānau ʻana o hoʻokahi, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ʻelua mau keiki, āna e hānai ai me ka waiū, ma ka awelika, ʻeono mahina.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻO ka ʻenemi nui o ka buffalo ʻApelika ka liona, ka mea e hoʻouka pinepine i nā holoholona o kēia mau holoholona ma o ka haʻaheo, a ʻo ka wahine hoʻi a me nā bipi keiki i lilo pinepine i mau mea hōʻeha no lākou. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻāʻo nā liona ʻaʻole e alualu i nā kāne makua nui inā aia kekahi mea ʻono kūpono.
ʻO nā holoholona nāwaliwali a me nā holoholona ʻōpio i lilo i mau maka o nā mea ʻaihue ʻē aʻe, e like me nā leopadi a i ʻole nā hyenas i ʻike ʻia, a me nā crocodiles i mea weliweli i nā buffalo i ka lua wai.
Ke ʻimi ʻia nā buffaloes Asia e nā tigika, a me nā kūpalu a me nā crocodile hui pū. Hiki ke hoʻouka ʻia nā wahine a me nā bipi keiki e nā ʻīlio ʻulaʻula a me nā leopadi. A no ka heluna lehulehu o Indonesia, he mea weliweli, weliweli pū nā moʻo komodo.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o nā laha
Inā manaʻo ʻia ka palekana o nā ʻano buffalo ʻApelika a lehulehu hoʻi nā lāhui, a laila me nā mea ʻĀsia, maikaʻi ʻole nā mea. ʻOiai ʻo ka buffalo wai India maʻa mau loa he ʻano ʻane make ia. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā kumu nui o kēia ka hoʻopau lāʻau ʻana a me ka mahi ʻana i nā wahi i noho ʻole ʻia kahi i noho ai nā buffalo hihiu.
ʻO ka pilikia nui ʻelua no nā buffalo ʻAsia ka nalo ʻana o ka maʻemaʻe koko ma muli o ka pili pinepine ʻana o kēia mau holoholona me nā bipi kūloko.
ʻO ka heluna kanaka o ka tamarau no ka laha ma ka ʻane o ka make loa ma 2012 ma mua o 320 mau kānaka. ʻO Anoa a me ka anoa kuahiwi, nā ʻano ʻaneʻane pau, ʻoi aku ka nui: ʻo ka nui o nā mākua o ka lua o ka lā ma mua o 2500 holoholona.
ʻO nā Buffalo kahi mea nui o nā kaiaolaola i ko lākou wahi noho. Ma muli o kā lākou helu nui, ʻo nā heluna ʻApelika o kēia mau holoholona ke kumu nui o ka meaʻai no nā mea ʻaihue nui e like me nā liona a me nā leopadi. A ʻo ka buffalo Asiatic, he mea pono, e mālama i ka hoʻomohala nui ʻana o nā mea kanu i nā wai o ka wai kahi a lākou e hoʻomaha ai. ʻO nā buffalo ʻAhiu ʻāhiu, hānai ʻia i ka wā kahiko, kekahi o nā holoholona mahiʻai nui, ʻoi aku, ʻaʻole wale ma ʻAsia, akā ma ʻEulopa hoʻi, kahi nui o lākou ma Italia. Hoʻohana ʻia ka buffalo kūloko ma ke ʻano he ikaika, no ka mahi ʻana i nā mahina ʻai, a no ka loaʻa ʻana hoʻi o ka waiū, ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ka momona ma mua o ka bipi maʻamau.
