ʻO ka dormouse (Glis glis) kahi koʻokoʻo, kahi kamaʻāina maʻamau o nā ululāʻau ululāʻau o ʻEulopa, ʻike iki ʻole ʻia ma muli o ka hūnā a me ka nohona o ka pō. I kēia mau lā, mālama pinepine ʻia ka dormouse e like me nā holoholona. E hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kahi exot i loko o ka hibernation hohonu no ʻehiku a i ʻole ʻewalu paha mau mahina i ka makahiki, a, i waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole i makemake nui e kamaʻilio me nā poʻe.
Hōʻike o ka regiment sony
ʻO ka nui loa o ka nui, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hale moe ma mua o kona mea pili, ka hale moe hazel. He helehelena leʻaleʻa ko ke koʻokoʻo, akā i ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana ʻaʻole e hoʻokalakupua loa kēia holoholona a, inā mālama lima ʻole ʻia a pololei ʻole paha, e nahu ikaika paha ka mea nāna ka mea nāna.
ʻIke, nā ana
Hoʻololi ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ke kanaka makua ma waena o 13-18 cm, me ka nui o 150-180 gram. I ka helehelena, hoʻohālikelike ka regiment i kahi squirrel miniature hina, me ka ʻole o ke kāʻei ma nā pepeiao i puni i ke ʻano. Kūleʻa nā pāma a me nā wāwae, lawa ākea, me nā manamana lima hoʻoneʻe. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā manamana lima I a me V i ka neʻe kūikawā ʻana i ka wāwae, i hiki ke hoʻoliʻiliʻi maʻalahi ʻia e pili ana i nā manamana lima ʻē aʻe. Huli ʻia nā kāhili i kahi kihi ma kahi o 30e pili ana... Mahalo i kēia hiʻohiʻona, hiki i nā regiment ke neʻe pū me nā lālā lahilahi.
Piʻi koke ka holoholona nimble a i lalo i nā kumu lāʻau, hiki ke lele ma nā lālā a i ka ʻumi mika. ʻO ka huelo o ka dormouse he fluffy, hina-keʻokeʻo i ke kala, me ka awelika o 11 a 15 cm. ʻAʻole kiʻekiʻe ka hulu o ka regiment, akā lush, ʻo ia hoʻi ka lauoho downy. ʻO ke kala ʻana ma ka waihona he aneane pau loa i ka monochromatic. ʻElua wale nō kala e lanakila i ke kala: hina-ʻeleʻele a hina-hina i ka hope, a keʻokeʻo a melemele paha i ka wahi o ka ʻōpū. Aia paha nā apo ʻeleʻele lahilahi a puni nā maka, i kahi manawa aneane ʻike ʻole ʻia.
ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka noho ʻana o ka dormouse makua i ka neʻe mau ʻana, akā hiki i ka whiskers hema a ʻākau hoʻi ke neʻe kūʻokoʻa i kekahi i kekahi.
Ka nohona ola, hana
Hoʻopili paʻa loa ʻo Sony regiment i nā ululāʻau i kāwili ʻia a deciduous, kahi e loaʻa ai ka waihona meaʻai like ʻole. Makemake nā holoholona e noho i nā wahi nāhelehele ʻoi loa, ʻike ʻia e ka nui o nā hua berry a me nā lāʻau ulu. Noho pinepine ka dormouse i nā māla a me nā māla waina a i kahi kokoke paha iā lākou. I nā kuahiwi, hiki i ka māmala ke piʻi i nā palena o nā ululāʻau deciduous, a ma kahi o ʻelua kaukani mika ma luna o ka ʻilikai.
Nui ka manaʻo o ka dormouse i loko o kahi ululāʻau makua me ka nui o ka beech, ʻoka, hornbeam a me linden, me kahi ulu nui e pili ana i nā kumu lāʻau i ke ʻano o ka hawthorn, dogwood a me hazel, a me honeysuckle. Ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina ʻākau o ka pae Lūkia, noho ka dormouse i nā ululāʻau ʻoka-linden me ka maple, elm, aspen, hazel, me nā raspberry a me nā blackberry i ka pae haʻahaʻa. I ka ʻāpana pōhaku kahakai, noho ka rodent i ka nui o nā lua pōhaku.
A hiki i ka hopena o ka puna a i ʻole Iune, aia ka hale moe i ka hibernation, a ala aʻe kēlā mau holoholona ma hope o nā lālā ʻohana ʻē aʻe. ʻO kahi laʻana, i ka Caucasus, waiho ka regiment i ko lākou mau wahi lulu a puni ka hopena o Iune, ke oʻo nā hua o ka mulberry a me ka cherry plum. Haʻalele nā kāne mākua i nā kaha ʻala ʻē aʻe ma nā lālā o nā kumulāʻau, ka pilau a hiki i ke kanaka ke honi. I ka wā hibernation, ma ke ʻano he rula, make ma kahi o ʻelua hapakolu o ka ʻōpio o ka makahiki, ʻaʻohe manawa e hōʻiliʻili i kahi lawa o nā mālama momona a koho paha i kahi hewa no ka hoʻoilo.
I ka wā o ka hibernation, lohi ka metabolism o nā holoholona i 2%, hāʻule ke ana wela o ke kino i 3 ° C, lilo ka puʻuwai puʻuwai i mea liʻiliʻi, a hiki i kekahi manawa ke kū mālie i ka hanu ʻana.
Ehia mau regimana e ola nei
Noho nā regiment Dormouse i nā kūlana kūlohelohe ʻaʻole lōʻihi loa, ma ke ʻano he rula, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻehā mau makahiki. I ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana, hoʻonui iki ka awelika o ke ola o ia mau māmala.
Dimorphism moekolohe
ʻAʻole hōʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona o ka dimorphism moekolohe ma ka nui a i ʻole ke kala o ka hulu i ka dormouse. ʻO nā rodent mammalian makua kāne a me nā kāne ke nānā aku like like.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Ua pālahalaha ka polchok i nā ululāʻau mauna a me ka haʻahaʻa o ʻEulopa, ka Caucasus a me ka Transcaucasus, a loaʻa ia mai ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Sepania a me Palani a i Turkey, ka moku ʻo Volga a me ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ʻIrana. Ua hoʻolauna ʻia kēia ʻano ma ka panalāʻau o Britain Nui (Chiltern Upland). Loaʻa ʻo Dormouse ma nā mokupuni moku o ke Kaiwaenahonua, e like me Sardinia, Corsica, Sisilia, Kreta a me Corfu, a me Turmenistan e kokoke ana iā Ashgabat.
Ma nā panalāʻau o ka Lūkia Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻike maikaʻi ʻole ʻia ka dormouse. Hōʻike ʻia ka laulā o kēia mammal e kekahi mau wahi kaʻawale o nā nui like ʻole, aia pinepine ʻia ma kahi mamao loa mai kēlā me kēia. Hiki ke loaʻa ka dormouse ma ka moku ʻo Kursk a me ke kahawai ʻo Volga, me ka moku ʻo Volga-Kama, Nizhny Novgorod, Tatarstan, Chuvashia a me Bashkiria, a me ka moku Samara.
I ke kūkulu ʻākau o ko mākou ʻāina, ka palena o ka rodent e ka muliwai ʻo Oka. I nā ʻāpana o ka hapa hema o ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa, ʻaʻohe o ka dormouse. ʻO ka holoholona maʻamau a lehulehu like ka nui ma ka Transcaucasus a ma ka Caucasian Isthmus. ʻO nā kumu e kaupalena ana i ka huina nui o nā kānaka e hoʻopili i ka helu liʻiliʻi o nā mea momona ma nā palena ʻākau o ka laulā, a me ka lawa ʻole o nā wahi noho kūpono.
Paipai nā loea, e like me nā hana e mālama ai i nā ʻelele o nā laha i ke kūlohelohe, kahi noiʻi kūikawā o nā wahi hoʻohele o kēia au a me ka helu o nā laha, a me ka ʻike a me ka pale aʻe o ka wahi noho.
Meaʻai hale
Wahi a nā ʻano papaʻai maʻamau, ʻo nā dormouse-regiment nā mea ʻai, no laila, hōʻike ʻia ke kumu o kā lākou meaʻai e nā ʻāpana vegetative o nā ʻano mea kanu, nā hua a me nā ʻanoʻano. I ka manawa like, i nā hua a me nā hua, ʻaʻole makemake nā holoholona i ka pulp, akā nā iwi. ʻO kā Sony papaʻai nui:
- ʻākala;
- hazelona;
- walnuts;
- chestnuts;
- hua nut
- pea;
- hua waina;
- ohia;
- cherry;
- plum;
- pākīpika;
- plum cherry;
- pākīpī.
ʻAʻohe ʻae e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka meaʻai holoholona o ka dormouse. ʻAe piha kekahi mau mea noiʻi i ka predation rare o ka dormice. I kekahi manawa ʻai pū nā meheu i nā moa liʻiliʻi a me nā mea kolo me nā meaʻai mea kanu. Hāʻawi ka mammal o ka nahele i ka makemake i nā hua pala a me nā hua, no laila, i ke kaʻina o ka hānai ʻana, ʻono mua ka holoholona i nā hua, a hoʻolei ʻole ʻia ka meaʻai makua i ka honua.
E like me nā hōʻike hoʻomaʻamaʻa, nā hua maka pala ʻole i hoʻopuehu ʻia e nā dormouse-regiment e ʻumeʻume pinepine i nā puaʻa hihiu a me nā bea, a hoʻohana pū ʻia no ka meaʻai e nā meheu like me ka iole terrestrial.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Hoʻokomo ka moe moe i nā lua o nā lāʻau a i nā pā pōhaku ʻole, a ma lalo hoʻi o nā kumu lāʻau i hina. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao i loko o ka pūnana i hana ʻia e ka holoholona mai nā olonā mea kanu, lalo a me nā limu. I ka manawa pinepine, noho ka pūnana i loko o nā hale manu a ma luna o lākou, kahi e make ai ka hoʻomoe hua manu a me nā moa. Ma kahi o ʻumi mau lā ma hope o ke ala ʻana, hoʻomaka nā kāne i ka wā rutting. I kēia manawa, ke komo nei nā wahine makua i ka estrus.
Noise ka wā rut a hele pū me ka hoʻonui i ka hana i nā kāne a me nā hakakā pinepine ma waena o nā mākua. Ma waho aʻe o nā kaha ʻala loa, kahi hōʻailona ʻē aʻe o ka rutting ke kani nui ʻana o nā holoholona i ka pō, i hōʻike ʻia e nā uē nui, nā ʻū, nā ʻāwī a me nā ʻū. ʻO ke ʻano hoihoi ka mea i kapa ʻia he mele regimental, i like me nā leo o "ttsii-ttsii-ttsii" i hoʻoili ʻia i mau minuke. Ma hope koke o ka male ʻana, hū nā pālua o nā mammal o nā holoholona nahele.
Hāpai ka wahine hāpai i ʻehā mau pule a ʻoi iki paha. Hiki ke loli ka helu o nā pahu i kahi ʻōpala mai hoʻokahi a ʻumi. ʻO ka hapanui pinepine, hānau ʻia he ʻelima pēpē, a ʻo ke kaupaona o kēlā me kēia mea he 1-2 g. ʻO ka hana o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā keiki hānau hou he lohi. Ma hope o ka lā ʻumikūmālua, wehe nā cubs i nā aʻa hoʻolohe, a i ka makahiki o ʻelua mau pule ua hū nā mea mua loa. Wehe nā maka o nā dormouse cubs ma kahi o ʻekolu mau pule o kou mau makahiki.
ʻOiai ma mua o ka ʻike ʻana o nā keiki, hoʻomaka nā wahine e hānai i kā lākou keiki mai ka waha me ka meaʻai palupalu a palupalu hoʻi i ke ʻano o nā lau, nā hua a me nā hua. Mai ka lā 25, ke hoʻāʻo nei nā pēpē e hānai iā lākou iho. I ʻelima mau pule o ka makahiki, haʻalele nā keiki o ka dormouse i ka pūnana makua mau a noho. Hiki i nā regiment ke oʻo i ka moekolohe ma mua o ka makahiki e hiki mai ana, akā hoʻomaka ka hana hānau i ka makahiki ʻelua a ʻekolu paha o ke ola. ʻElua mau piko hānau i ka makahiki, i ka hopena o Iune a me ʻAukake mua.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻAʻohe nui o ka ʻenemi o ka dormouse, akā ʻoiai ma Roma kahiko, ua manaʻo ʻia ka ʻiʻo o nā mea mammal liʻiliʻi he mea ʻono. Hānai ʻia nā holoholona i nā māla pā a i ʻole gliaria. Hoʻomoʻa ʻia nā kupapaʻu o nā rodents me nā hua poppy a me ka meli. I nā Balkans i ka ʻumikūmāhiku kenekulia, ua marino ʻia ka ʻio dormouse i loko o kahi ipu wela.
Ma waho aʻe o nā kānaka, ua lilo ka polecat i mea weliweli i ka rodent mammalian liʻiliʻi. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia kēia holoholona mai ka ʻohana weasel, kahi pili pili o ka ermine a me ka wea, e kona kino lōʻihi elongated a me nā wāwae pōkole. Makemake ʻo Ferrets e noho ma nā kahawai kahawai liʻiliʻi a ma nā kae o ka ululāʻau. Hiki i kahi polecat dexterous a me ka nimble ke komo maʻalahi i nā lua o kahi moe.
ʻImi pū kekahi pueo i ka hale moe makua, kahi e hopu ai i ka mea pio e koho wau i nā wahi pulu me nā ulu lāʻau liʻiliʻi. I ka manawa like, hiki i nā pueo ke ʻimi ʻaʻole wale i ka pō, akā i nā hola o ke ao. ʻAʻole makemake ka predator hulu i nā kiaʻi kiaʻi, akā makemake ʻo ia e pōʻai ma luna o nā aniani. Ke ʻike nei i kāna mea pio, hāʻule nui ka pueo i lalo a hopu ʻino loa i ke koʻokoʻo. ʻO nā pueo a pau e noho ana ma Rūsia, ʻo ia ka pueo pepeiao pepeiao pōkole wale nō ka mea i hiki ke kūkulu i kāna mau pūnana ponoʻī.
Mālama ka huelo o ka dormouse i ke ola o ka mea nāna ia: ma ka ʻili o ka holoholona he mau wahi lahilahi e haehae maʻalahi ʻia i kēlā me kēia haunaele, a ʻo ka ʻili e ʻili nei me kahi lāʻau e hāʻawi i ka rodent i ka manawa kūpono e holo ai.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
He mammal laha ʻole ka dormouse ma nā ʻāina ʻo Baletika, akā manaʻo ʻia ia he mea maʻamau ia ma Komohana a me ʻEulopa Hema. I nā ʻākau hikina a me ka ʻākau o ka pae, noho nā regiment i nā lau mosaic. Ma nā panalāʻau o nā Carpathians, ka Caucasus a me Transcaucasia, manaʻo nui ʻia ka dormouse. Ma aneʻi, pili pono nā meheu waena i ka poʻe aʻe, no laila e hōʻino pinepine lākou i nā māla waina, nā māla berry a me nā māla.
Nani ka hulu o ka hale hiamoe, akā i kēia manawa ʻohi wale ʻia ia i nā mea liʻiliʻi. Ua helu ʻia kēia ʻano ma nā Red Data Books o nā moku ʻo Tula a me Ryazan. I ka paʻi mua o ka puke ʻulaʻula o ka ʻĀpana ʻo Moscow (1998), ua hui pū ʻia kekahi mau lunamakaʻāinana i loko o ka papa inoa o ka Manaʻo Helu 1. ʻOiai ka palena palena o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i kekahi mau panalāʻau, e like me ka ʻōlelo a ka poʻe loea, i kēia lā ua nele loa ka pono no ka hoʻoulu hamani o ka dormouse.
