ʻO ka hare ʻeleʻele kahi māmele e pili ana i ka genus o nā hares a me ke kauoha o Lagomorphs. ʻO ka lunamakaʻāinana steppe o ka ʻohana Hare ʻoi aku ka nui a me nā mea maʻamau o ka panalāʻau o ʻEulopa, ʻĀkia Asia a me ʻĀkia Komohana, a me ka nui o ʻApelika ʻĀkau.
Ka wehewehe ʻana o ka hare
ʻO Rusak no ka mahele o nā hares nui. Loaʻa ka lōʻihi o ka holoholona o ka holoholona mamala i 57-68 cm me ka awelika o 4-6 kg, akā hiki i ke kaumaha o kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona ke hiki i 7 kg. Noho ka poʻe nui loa i ka ʻākau a me ka ʻākau hikina o ka pae. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka hare e kahi kumukānāwai palupalu a nui nā ʻokoʻa mai ka hare keʻokeʻo, i hōʻike ʻia e nā pepeiao loloa a me kahi huelo elongated wedge-ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha i ka ʻaoʻao luna.
Holo wikiwiki ʻo Hare ma mua o nā keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, i wehewehe ʻia e nā lele lōʻihi, a ma kahi mamao loa e hiki ai i ka holoholona ke wikiwiki a 50-60 km / h. Hiki i ka Hares ke ʻauʻau maikaʻi, a i ka wā i hōʻeha ʻia a i ʻole i hopu ʻia hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokuʻu i kahi kani a kiʻekiʻe loa. Hoʻokiʻi ka hare hare i kona mau niho me ka leo nui. ʻO kekahi ʻano o ke kamaʻilio ʻana, ʻo ia ka clatter o nā paws, kahi mea e hoʻomanaʻo ai i ka pā ʻana o ka pahu, akā kāhea nā wahine i kā lākou mau lāpaki me nā leo palupalu.
ʻOiai ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o nā lālā hope o ka hare ma mua o ka hare keʻokeʻo, ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka ʻūʻī o ia holoholona, akā pōkole hoʻi, no ka noho ʻana i nā wahi me ka uhi hau paʻakiki a pāpaʻu hoʻi.
Helehelena
ʻO ke kala kau wela o ka hulu o ka hare hiki ke lilo i ʻō hina-ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele, ʻōlena ʻulaʻula a i ʻole brown brown, a ʻokoʻa nā aka. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka holoholona e ke kūana o nā kiko pouli nui i hana ʻia e nā wēlau o ka lauoho i ka lole malalo. ʻO ka welelau o nā lauoho kiaʻi he ʻoka. ʻO ka ʻahuʻula o ka hare, ʻālohilohi, silky, ʻike maka ʻia. ʻOi aku ka māmā o ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻaoʻao ma mua o ke kua, a keʻokeʻo ka ʻōpū, me ka ʻaʻa ʻole. Aia nā apo keʻokeʻo a puni nā maka, a ʻeleʻele nā kihi o nā pepeiao i ka wā o ke ola. ʻOi aku ka māmā o ka hulu hoʻoilo o ka hare ma mua o ke kapakomo kauwela, a ʻo ka wahi poʻo, ka ʻaoʻao mua o ke kua a me nā wēlau o nā pepeiao e pouli a hiki i ka hoʻoilo.
Me nā hares hihiu ʻē aʻe, ʻike ʻia ka molt i nā hares mākua i ka wā puna a me ke kauwela. I ka puna, hoʻomaka kēlā ʻano hana kūlohelohe i ka hopena wale o Malaki a hala i 75-80 mau lā, e pau ana ma ka waena o ka mahina puna i hala. Hana nui ka holoholona i ka molts i loko o ʻApelila. Aia i loko o kēia wā hiki i ka lauoho o ka hare ʻEulopa ke hāʻule i nā pūlū, e mālama ana i ke kuhikuhi ākea - mai ke poʻo a ka hiʻu. I ka hāʻule, hāʻule ka lauoho o ke kauwela, a hoʻololi ʻia e ka huluhulu momona a mānoanoa. I ke kauwela, hoʻomaka ka molt mai ka ʻāpana femoral, hele i ka ʻāina o ka croup, ka pali, nā forepaws a me nā ʻaoʻao.
Ka nohona ola, hana
Ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau, he holoholona teritore kūmau ka hare. Ke hilinaʻi nei i nā hōʻailona o ka waihona meaʻai i ka nohona, hiki i ka holoholona ke hoʻomau mau i nā wahi like, e noho ana ma 30-50 hectare. Ma nā panalāʻau o nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, hiki i nā hares ke holoholo i kēlā me kēia lā mai kahi e moe ai i kahi e hānai ai. I kēlā mau kūlana, piʻi ka hare i nā mile he ʻumi. Nānā ʻia nā neʻe kau i ka wā o ke kau a me ka wā hoʻoilo, ke neʻe kokoke nā hares brown i nā wahi noho, i nā wahi ulu lāʻau a me nā wahi kiʻekiʻe me kahi hapa liʻiliʻi o ka hau.
E iho i lalo nā kahakai i nā ʻāina mauna i nā kahawai kahawai i ka hāʻule, akā me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pūnāwai, neʻe hou nā hares i nā pali kuahiwi. I ke alo o nā kūlana maikaʻi ʻole, e like me ka pahu hau a me ka uhi hau kiʻekiʻe, kahi e keʻakeʻa nei i ka ʻai, ʻike ʻia nā neʻe lehulehu maoli. Ma nā panalāʻau o nā wahi hema, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka neʻe ʻana o ka hare i ke kauwela a me ke kauwela, e pili ana i nā hana hoʻokele waiwai o ka poʻe. ʻEleu ka hana o ka hares i ke ahiahi a me ka pō, akā i ka wā o ka holo o nā holoholona i kēlā me kēia makahiki, nui ka hana o ke ao.
ʻO nā lunamaka hana o ke kauoha ʻo Hare-like i ka hapa mua o ka pō, a me nā hola o ke kakahiaka. I loko o hoʻokahi manawa momona, hiki i ka hare ʻeleʻele ke hele wāwae i mau kilomita, akā ʻo nā holoholona e noho ana ma nā wahi ākea e uhi pinepine i kahi mamao ma mua o nā holoholona e noho ana ma nā lihi ululāʻau a ma nā ulu lāʻau. Hoʻokomo nā kūlana maikaʻi ʻole i nā hares e nānā ʻole i ka puka i ka momona no kekahi mau lā. Hōʻike ʻia ka wahaheʻe i ke kauwela e kahi puka liʻiliʻi i ʻeli ʻia ma lalo o ka uhi o nā nāhelehele a i ʻole nā lāʻau hina. ʻO ka pinepine, moe wale nā holoholona i ka palena o ka māla.
ʻAʻole hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā lua kūmau e nā hares, akā i kekahi manawa ʻeli ka hare i nā lua kūlohelohe i kahi manawa wela loa. I kekahi manawa, hoʻomaha nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana Hare i nā lua i haʻalele ʻia e nā ʻūlū, nā ʻalopeke a me nā marmots, a ʻo ka wahi o ka puʻuhonua e pili pono i ke kau a me nā kūlana o ke aniau. I ka puna, noho pinepine ka moena o ka holoholona i nā wahi hoʻomehana maikaʻi, a i nā lā ua - ma nā puʻu maloʻo. I ka hoʻoilo, koho ʻia kahi wahi i pani ʻia mai ka pā mai o ka makani no ka wahaheʻe.
I nā wahi me ka uhi hohonu o ka hau, hiki i nā hares ke ʻeli i nā lua lua mau mika lōʻihi, a i ka hoʻoilo a me ka hoʻoilo, moe pinepine ka mau hare i loko o nā mauʻu i kokoke i nā wahi noho.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o ka hare?
Hiki ke hoʻololi i ka lōʻihi o ke ola o ka hare i ka nāhelehele mai 6 a 12 mau makahiki, i wehewehe ʻia e ka nui o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe. I kēia hihia, ola nā wahine ma kahi o ʻelima mau makahiki, a me nā kāne - a ʻeiwa mau makahiki o ko lākou mau makahiki. Aia kekahi mau hihia i ʻike ʻia a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka wā i ola ai nā lunamakaʻāinana i nā makahiki he 12-14.
Dimorphism moekolohe
ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka dimorphism moekolohe i ka waihoʻoluʻu o nā hares ʻEulopa e pau loa. Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā mākua e ka nui o ka holoholona.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
ʻO ka palahalaha ʻana o ka hare i ka ʻākau, ʻoia paha, ʻaʻole i hoʻomaka ma mua o ka waena o ka wā Quaternary, a i kēia manawa ua hoʻolaha ʻia kekahi holoholona ʻāhiu i ka tundra, steppes a me nā wahi ulu lāʻau o ʻEulopa, i ʻIlani a me Scotland, Turkey a me Iran, a me Transcaucasia a me ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka Arabian Peninsula. ... Hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā koena Fossil i nā waihona Pleistocene o ka Crimea a me Azerbaijan. Ma nā panalāʻau o Rūsia, ʻike ʻia nā hares brown a hiki i ke kapakai ʻākau o nā loko ʻo Onega a me Ladoga. Eia kekahi, hoʻonui ka palena hoʻokaʻawale ma o Kirov a me Perm, kūlou a puni nā mauna Ural a i ka moku ʻo Pavlodar. Hele ka palena hema ma Transcaucasia, Ustyurt, ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka ʻĀina Aral a hiki i Karaganda.
Ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ka holoholona i nā wahi he nui ma ka panalāʻau o Siberia Hema, e like me nā kapuaʻi o Salair, Altai a me Kuznetsk Alatau. Hana ʻia ʻo Rusak ma Krasnoyarsk a ma ka Teritori Altai, ma Kemerovo a me Novosibirsk, Chita a me Irkutsk Regions, a ua ʻano maikaʻi pū kekahi i ka noho ʻana ma ka Hikina Hikina a me ka Teritori Primorsky. Ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻāli ʻia ka hoʻāʻo e hoʻonoho hou i ka holoholona ma North, Central a me ʻAmelika Hema me ka kūleʻa, a ma Nūhōlani a me ka hema o Australia, ua lilo koke ka hare i ahulau mahiʻai.
Ma ke ʻano he kamaʻāina maʻamau i nā wahi ākea, nā ululāʻau a me nā ʻanepele, a me nā hiʻohiʻona o ka wao nahele, makemake ka hare i nā wahi ākea: nā māla, nā kula, nā ululāʻau, nā wahi nui e hina ana, nā aniani a me nā pā. I ka hohonu o nā conifers kahiko, ʻano laha ʻole kēlā ʻano holoholona. ʻO ka hapanui pinepine, nā ʻelele o ka ʻohana ma ka ulu lāʻau ākea o nā ululāʻau deciduous. ʻO ke aloha nui ʻia e nā hares mākua nā wahi kahi e hoʻololi ʻia ka ʻāina mahiʻai e nā kope liʻiliʻi, nā ululāʻau, nā awāwa a me nā kūpuna. I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻopili ka holoholona i ka ʻāina o nā wahi noho me nā waihona wai ma nā wahi āpau.
ʻO ka papaʻai o ka hare
I nā lā kauwela, hānai nā hare i nā ʻano mea kanu like ʻole, a me nā lālā lāʻau ʻōpio a me nā laʻalāʻau. ʻAi nui nā holoholona i nā lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me nā kumu o nā mea kanu, akā i kekahi manawa hiki i nā lālā o ka ʻohana Hare ke ʻeli i nā aʻa nui ʻole o nā kumu lāʻau a me nā kumu lāʻau. E hoʻomaka ana i ka lua o ka hapa o ke kauwela, ʻai ʻo ka hares i nā ʻanoʻano ʻaʻole i digest, ka mea e kōkua ai i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o kā lākou hana. ʻO ka hui ʻana o ka rage forage ration he ʻokoʻa loa a kūloko ʻia e nā mea ulu a me nā mea kanu i mahi ʻia.
- dandelion;
- chicory;
- ʻiliʻili;
- manu kuahiwi;
- hana kolohe;
- ululāʻau;
- alfalfa;
- sunflower;
- buckwheat;
- palaʻai.
Makemake nui ʻo Hares i nā mea kanu me nā mea kanu like ʻole. I ka hoʻoilo, ʻo ka hare, ʻokoʻa ka hare keʻokeʻo, hoʻomau i ka hānai ʻana i nā pala a me nā ʻanoʻano, nā hoʻoilo hoʻoilo, a me nā koena o nā mea kanu kīhāpai i ʻeli pololei ʻia mai lalo o ka hau. Inā hohonu ka uhi o ka hau, makemake ka holoholona e hoʻololi i ka hānai ʻana i nā ulu lāʻau like ʻole a me nā mea ulu lāʻau i ke ʻano o nā wana a me ka ʻili.
ʻO ka ʻoluʻolu loa, ʻai ka hare i ka ʻoka a me ka palaki, ka hazel a me ka broom, nā pears a me nā lāʻau ʻāpala, a me aspen a me willow, i aloha ʻia e nā keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, e hoʻopau pinepine ʻia. Kipa pinepine ʻia nā ʻeli hare e nā ʻāpana hina, kahi hiki ʻole ke haki i ka hau iā lākou iho.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Hoʻololi nā wā hānau o nā hare i ka lōʻihi a me ka manawa e like me ka nohona. I ʻEulopa Komohana, hānai maʻamau nā hares ma waena o Malaki a Kepakemapa. I kēia manawa, ma kahi o 70-75% o nā wahine e lawe mai i ʻehā mau moa, a i nā makahiki mehana hiki ke hānau ʻia he ʻelima mau hua. Ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi a me nā ʻano aniau, hoʻomau ka wā rutting i loko o ka makahiki, a hānau ʻia nā lāpaki mua i Ianuali. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka laulā, ʻaʻole hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma mua o ʻelua mau moa.
Ma nā panalāʻau o Lūkia waena, ʻo ka manawa o ka rut mua i ka hopena o Pepeluali a me Malaki, a ʻo ka lua - i ʻApelila a me Mei mua. ʻIke ʻia ka piko hānau ʻekolu i Iune. ʻO ka hāpai ʻana i nā wahine mai 45 a 48 mau lā, akā hiki i nā lāpaki wahine ke hui hou ma hope koke o ka hānau ʻana a ma mua hoʻi o lākou. Hōʻike nā mea i ʻike ʻia ʻaʻole maikaʻi ke ʻano o ka hare o ka hare e like me ko ka hare keʻokeʻo; no laila, hiki i nā wahine hāpai a me nā lāpaki ke hui ma hope a i ʻole ma mua o nā kau maʻamau.
I hoʻokahi brood, ʻokoʻa ka helu o nā lāpaki mai 1 a 9, a ʻo ka nui o ka brood e pili ana i nā ʻano he nui. Ma ka laulaha, ʻo nā wahi me nā pōʻai hānau liʻiliʻi he nui nā pua, a ʻo ka helu nui loa o nā lāpaki i hānau ʻia i ke kauwela. Hānau ʻia nā puaʻa nui i nā wahine waena. Ma mua koke o ka hānau ʻana, hoʻonohonoho ka wahine i kahi pūnana mua o ka mauʻu, ʻeli i kahi lua, a i ʻole ke ʻano wela o ke aniau, hoʻolako i kahi lua papau.
Hānau ʻia ka Hares a uhi ʻia me ka hulu. ʻO ke kaulike kaulike o ka hare hānau hou he 100-120 g. Hānai nā wahine i kā lākou keiki me ka waiū i hoʻokahi manawa i ka lā, akā i kekahi manawa hānai nā pēpē hoʻokahi i kēlā me kēia ʻehā mau lā. Ke hoʻomaka nei mai ka lā ʻelima o ke ola, hoʻāʻo nā keiki e neʻe me ka neʻe ʻole ʻana mai kahi o ka hānau. I nā hebedoma ʻelua o ka makahiki, ʻo ka nui o ka hare 300-400 g. Mai ia manawa, ʻai nui lākou i ka mauʻu, a i hoʻokahi mahina ua kūʻokoʻa loa lākou. Aia kekahi mau hihia ke hānai nā hare wahine i nā hares a haʻi, akā ma ke ʻano he mau makahiki like lākou me kā lākou mau keiki ponoʻī.
I nā kūlana kūlohelohe a ke mālama ʻia i nā kūlana o kahi paka zooological, ʻike ʻia ke ʻano o nā hybrids o ka hare a me ka hare keʻokeʻo, i kapa ʻia ʻo "cuffs".
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
He mamele pale ʻole ka hare me ka nui loa o nā ʻenemi. ʻImi ʻia nā mākua a me nā lāpaki ʻōpio e ka poʻe, he nui nā mea ʻaihue i ke ao a me ka pō, e like me nā lynxes, nā ʻīlio hae a me nā ʻalopeke, nā pōpoki a me nā ʻīlio auwana, a me nā manu nui o nā mea pio.
Waiwai kālepa
Ua lilo ʻo Hares i mea makemake nui ʻia i ka haʻuki a me ka ʻimi holoholona ʻana. Luku ʻia ka nui o nā holoholona i kēlā me kēia makahiki no ka ʻiʻo momona, a me nā ʻili pumehana a nani hoʻi. No ka hare ʻeleʻele, ʻo ka nui kokoke o ka pana ʻana ma ke ala waena ma kahi o 30%, a ma nā ʻāpana steppe - a hiki i 50% o ka nui o nā holoholona ma kahi o 15-20 mau kānaka ma 1000 ha.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
ʻO ka hare ʻeleʻele i ka laulā ka laha maʻamau, ʻo ka nui o ia mau makahiki i kekahi mau makahiki he mau miliona. Hiki i nā Epizootics a me ka nele o ka meaʻai ke hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ka helu o ia mau holoholona, akā ʻo ka heluna o ka hare ʻeleʻele i kēia manawa ka mea hopohopo ʻole.
