Ua lilo kēia ʻalopeke liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi i mea mālama i kona hulu waiwai. ʻO Korsak kahi mea o ka hopu holoholona, ʻo ka ikaika i hoʻemi iki ʻia mai ka kenekulia i hala.
Ka wehewehe o Korsak
ʻO Vulpes corsac, a i ʻole corsac, kahi ʻano o nā ʻalopeke mai ka ʻohana canine.... Heʻuʻuku iki ia ma mua o ka fox polar, a ma ke ʻano nui e like me kahi kope hoʻemi o kahi ʻalopeke ʻulaʻula (maʻamau). He squat ʻo Corsac a he kino elongated kona, e like me ia, akā ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka ʻalopeke ʻulaʻula i ka nui, a ʻo ka fluffiness / ka lōʻihi o ka huelo. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ia mai ka ʻalopeke maʻamau e ka hopena pouli o ka huelo, a mai ka ʻalopeke Afghanistan e ka auwae keʻokeʻo a me ka lehelehe o lalo, a ʻo ka huelo lōʻihi hoʻi ʻole.
Helehelena
ʻAʻohe ulu iki kēia predator inexpressively kala ma mua o ka hapalua mika me ka nui o 3-6 kg a me kahi kiʻekiʻe ma kahi maloʻo a i 0.3 m. He hina hina a brownish paha ka corsac, e pouli ana i ka lae, poʻo me kahi muzzle kiko pōkole a me nā cheekbones hoʻonui ʻia. Nui a ākea ma ke kumu o nā pepeiao, nona ka ʻaoʻao hope i pena ʻia i ka hina hina a i ʻole ʻulaʻula, i kuhikuhi ʻia i luna.
Ke ulu nei ka lauoho keʻokeʻo melemele i loko o ka auricle, pili nā kaʻe o nā pepeiao i mua o ke keʻokeʻo. Ma kahi kokoke i nā maka, ʻoi aku ka māmā o ke kani, ʻike ʻia kahi triangle pouli ma waena o nā kihi o mua o nā maka a me ka lehelehe luna, a ʻo ka hulu keʻokeʻo me kahi yellowness liʻiliʻi e ʻike ʻia a puni ka waha, ma ka ʻāʻī a me ka ʻāʻī (lalo).
Hoihoi ia! He mau niho liʻiliʻi ko ka corsac, kahi kūlike i ke ʻano a me ka helu (42) me nā niho o ke koena o nā ʻalopeke, akā ʻoi aku ka ikaika o nā kini a me nā niho ʻānihi o nā corsac ma mua o nā ʻalopeke maʻamau.
ʻOi aku ka nani o Korsak i ke anuanu, mahalo i ka hoʻoilo, silky, palupalu a mānoanoa ka hulu, pena ʻia i ka hina hina (me kahi ʻano ocher) ke kani. Aia kahi kala ʻeleʻele i waenakonu o ke kua, kōkua ʻia e ka "hina", i hana ʻia e nā ʻāpana keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo o ka lauoho kiaʻi. Me ka predominance o ka hope, ʻo kaʻaʻahu ma ke kua e lilo i hina-hina, akā ʻo ka mea ʻē aʻe e hana ana ke aliʻi ka huluhulu ʻeleʻele.
Waihoʻoluʻu nā poʻohiwi i kūlike i ke kua, akā ʻoi aku ka māmā o nā ʻaoʻao. Ma ke ʻano laulā, he keʻokeʻo a keʻokeʻo paha keʻokeʻo ka māhele o ke kino haʻahaʻa (me ka umauma a me ke ʻūlū. ʻO ka forelimbs o ka corsac melemele māmā i mua, akā he ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma nā ʻaoʻao, nā mea hope nā kala kala.
Hoihoi ia! ʻOkoʻa ka hulu kauwela o kahi corsak mai ka hoʻoilo - he ākea ia, pōkole a paʻakikī hoʻi. Lahilahi ka lauoho o ka huelo. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka lauoho hina i ke kauwela, a lilo ka nui o ke kala i ka like: ʻo ke kua, e like me nā ʻaoʻao, loaʻa kahi kala puʻupuʻu, lepo a lepo ʻeleʻele.
ʻO ka huelo o kahi corsac kū, ʻano mānoanoa a lush hoʻi, pā i ka honua a like ia me ka hapalua o ka lōʻihi o ke kino a ʻoi aku (25-35 cm). ʻO ka lauoho o ka huelo he kala ʻeleʻele a i ʻole ʻoki ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele lahilahi ma ke kumu. Palera mau ka huelo ma lalo, akā ua kau ka piko me kona piko me ka lauoho ʻeleʻele, ʻaneʻane ʻeleʻele. ʻO ke poʻo o ka predator i ka hulu kauwela e lilo i ʻike nui, a ʻo ka corsac iho e lilo i leggy, lahilahi a wīwī.
Ka nohona ola, hana
Noho ʻo Korsaks i nā hui ʻohana, e noho ana i nā ʻōlapa (me kahi pūnaewele nui o nā lua a me nā ala paʻa mau) mai 2 a 40 km ², i kekahi manawa a hiki i 110 km² a me nā mea hou aʻe. Ua wehewehe ʻia kahi ola e kahi aniau kahi e hāʻawi ai nā lā wela i ke kauwela i nā pō anuanu, a i ka hoʻoilo e lilo ka lewa i ka hau a me ka ʻino o ka hau.
I ka wā maikaʻi ʻole a me ka wela, moe ka corsac i kahi lua, ʻaʻole ʻike pinepine ʻia ma ka ʻili no ʻelua a ʻekolu paha lā. ʻAneʻane ʻaʻole ʻo ia e ʻeli i nā lua, noho i ka poʻe i haʻalele ʻia e nā marmots, nā gerbil nui a me nā squirrels honua, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi - nā ʻino a me nā ʻalopeke. Kūpono ka hanana o loko i ka hoʻomohala hou ʻana, e hōʻoia ana he nui nā puka no ka haʻalele ʻana i ka pilikia.
ʻO nā lua, a i 2.5 m ka hohonu, aia paha kekahi mau mea, akā hoʻokahi wale nō o lākou e lilo i hale noho... Ma mua o ka haʻalele ʻana i ka lua, nānā pono ka mea ʻino mai ia mea, a laila noho i lalo kokoke i ka puka komo, nānā i nā wahi a puni, a hele wale i ka hopu holoholona. I ke kauwela, i kekahi mau wahi, neʻe aku ʻo Korsaks i ka hema, a ua hoʻi hou i ke ala o nā saigas e hehi ana i ka hau hohonu, e maʻalahi ai i nā ʻalopeke e neʻe a lawaiʻa.
Mea nui! Kū ka neʻe nui o ka predator no nā kumu like ʻole, e like me ke ahi ahi steppe a i ʻole ka make maʻamau o nā rodents. Me kēlā neʻe ʻana, hele ʻo Korsaks i nā palena o ko lākou pae a i kekahi manawa ʻike ʻia i nā kūlanakauhale.
E launa me nā congeners, hoʻohana ʻo Korsak i nā hōʻailona acoustic, visual and olfactory (odor mark). E like me ke kani ʻana o nā ʻalopeke a pau, ka ʻili, whine, growl a i ʻole ka ʻili: hānai pinepine lākou i nā holoholona ʻōpio ma ka hae ʻana, hoʻolauna iā lākou i kahi papa hana.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o Korsak
I ka nahelehele, ola nā corsac mai 3 a 6 mau makahiki, e pāpālua ana i ko lākou ola (a hiki i 12 mau makahiki) i ka pio. Ma ke ala, maʻalahi ka maʻalahi o ka fox steppe i ka paʻa ʻana, maʻalahi e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā kānaka. Wahi a kekahi hōʻike, i ke kenekulia 17 i makemake ʻia ʻo Korsaks e hoʻomoana ʻia i nā hale Lūkia.
Dimorphism moekolohe
Aia kekahi kuhi hewa he ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo nā kāne ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā wahine, akā he mea nui ʻole kēia ʻokoʻa e ʻōlelo ai nā zoologists i ka loaʻa ʻole o ka dimorphism moekolohe i ka nui (a me ke kala o nā holoholona).
Nā ʻāpana Korsak
Aia he 3 mau ʻāpana o ka fox steppe, ʻokoʻa kekahi i kekahi i ka nui, ke kala a me ka ʻāina.
- puʻupuʻu puʻupuʻu puʻupuʻu;
- vulpes corsac turkmenika;
- vulpes corsac kalmykorum.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Noho ʻo Korsak i ka hapa nui o Eurasia, me ka hopu ʻia o Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan a me Kazakhstan, a me nā wahi he nui o Lūkia, me ka hema o Siberia Komohana. Ma ʻEulopa, hoʻonui ka pae i ka moku ʻo Samara, ka North Caucasus ma ka hema a me Tatarstan ma ka ʻākau. ʻO ka wahi liʻiliʻi o ka pae ma ka hema o Transbaikalia.
Ma waho o ka Russian Federation, ʻo ka pae o Korsak nā:
- hikina akau a me komohana akau o Kina;
- Mongolia, koe wale no nā wahi nahele a me nā mauna;
- ʻĀkau o Afghanistan;
- ʻĀkau hikina o ʻIrana;
- Akepaikana;
- Ukelena.
Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka hoʻolaha ākea o ka fox steppe ma waena o nā kahawai e like me Ural a me Volga. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ma hope o ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana o ka bobak, ua ʻike pū ʻia ke komo ʻana o Korsak i ka moku ʻo Voronezh. Ua manaʻo ʻia he laha maʻamau no Siberia Komohana a me Transbaikalia. Hōʻalo ka alopeke steppe i nā ululāʻau, nā mānoanoa a me nā māla palau, e koho ana i nā wahi puʻu me nā mea kanu haʻahaʻa - nā steppe maloʻo a me nā wao akua, kahi e liʻiliʻi ai ka hau.... Hoʻohui ʻia, noho ka mea ʻaihue i nā wao akua, loaʻa i nā awāwa kahawai, nā moena maloʻo a ma nā one paʻa. I kekahi manawa komo ʻo Korsak i ka paepae a i ʻole ka ʻāpana o nā ululāʻau.
ʻO kā Korsak papaʻai
Huli hū ka ʻalopeke steppe i ka wā ahiahi, e hōʻike ana i nā hana o ke ao i kekahi manawa. He ʻaʻala maikaʻi loa ka corsac, he maka maka maikaʻi a he lohe, me ke kōkua o ia e ʻike ai i ka mea pio ke hele a kūpale ʻo ia i ka makani.
Mea nui! Ma hope o ka hoʻoilo paʻakikī, hāʻule nui ka helu o Korsakov. Ua ʻike ʻia ma kekahi mau wahi ka heluna nui o nā alopeke steppe e hoʻoliʻiliʻi catastrophically, e hoʻemi nei e 10 a i ʻole 100 mau manawa i ka hoʻoilo.
Ke ʻike nei i nā mea ola, hūnā a hopu paha ka mea hoʻomake iā lākou, akā, ʻokoʻa ka ʻalopeke ʻulaʻula, ʻaʻole ʻike i ka iole. Ke pau ka lako o ka meaʻai, ʻaʻole ia e haʻalele i ke kino a me nā ʻōpala, ʻoiai e nānā ʻole i nā mea kanu. Hiki ke hana me ka wai ʻole no ka manawa lōʻihi.
ʻO kā Korsak papaʻai:
- nāʻiole, me nā voles;
- maʻi ahulau;
- nā jerboas a me nā squirrels honua;
- nā mea kolo;
- manu, kā lākou moa a me nā hua manu;
- nā hares a me nā hedgehogs (laha ʻole);
- nā mea kolo.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
He monogamous nā alopeke steppe a noho paʻa pālua ʻia a hiki i ka hopena o ko lākou ola. Hiki mai ka rut i Ianuali - Pepeluali. Hele pū ʻia me ka hae ʻana i ka pō i nā kāne a me nā hakakā no nā wahine ʻōpio a wahine paha.
Pāpale ʻo Corsacs i nā lua, a hānau ʻia nā pēpē kuli a makapō hoʻi ma kahi like 52-60 mau lā ma hope (maʻamau ma Malaki - ʻApelila). Lawe mai ka wahine mai 3 a 6 mau ʻāpana brown brown (ma lalo iki o 11-16), 13-14 knm ke kiʻekiʻe a kaupaona ma kahi o 60 g. Ma hope o ʻelua mau pule, ʻike nā ʻīlio i nā maka o lākou, a i ka makahiki o hoʻokahi mahina ke hoʻāʻo nei lākou i ka ʻiʻo.
Hoihoi ia! Ma muli o ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe o nā parasites i nā lua, hoʻololi ka makuahine i kona lua i ka wā o ka ulu ʻana o nā keiki 2-3 mau manawa. Ma ke ala, mālama nā mākua ʻelua i nā ʻīlio pēpē, ʻoiai noho kaʻawale ka makuakāne mai ka ʻohana.
Ma o kā lākou 4-5 mau mahina, aneane hiki ʻole ke wehewehe ʻia nā holoholona ʻōpio mai nā ʻohana makua. ʻOiai ka ulu wikiwiki a me ka hoʻolele mua ʻana, noho mau ke keiki i ka makuahine a hiki i ke kau. I ke anuanu, hui hou ka ʻōpio i ka hoʻoilo i hoʻokahi lua. ʻO nā hana hoʻohua i nā corsacs hāmama i 9-10 mau makahiki o kou makahiki.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻO nā ʻenemi nui o ka corsac ka ʻalopeke maʻamau a ʻīlio hihiu... Huli ka hope i ka fox steppe, ʻoiai, hiki iā ia ke hoʻomohala i kahi wikiwiki (40-50 km / h), lele koke i waho a lohi. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo kahi kaiāulu me kahi ʻīlio hae hoʻi kahi kahi hemahema: ʻai ʻo Corsacs i ka pāʻani (gazelles, saigas), ʻauʻau ʻia e nā ʻīlio hae. ʻO ka ʻalopeke ʻulaʻula ʻaʻole ia he ʻenemi, akā he mea hoʻokūkū ʻai o ka ʻanuʻu: ʻelua e alualu i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi, e like me nā rodents. No ka poʻe ka hoʻoweliweli. Inā ʻaʻole hiki i ka corsac ke pakele, hoʻohālikelike ʻo ia ua make, lele i luna a holo aku i ka manawa kūpono mua.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
ʻAʻole wehewehe ka IUCN Red List i ka heluna nui o ka corsac o ka honua, a aia ka ʻano ma ka mahele o ka "hopohopo liʻiliʻi". ʻO ke kumu mua o ka emi ʻana o nā alopeke steppe i manaʻo ʻia he kālepa huluhulu, kahi e waiwai ai ka ʻili hoʻoilo o ka holoholona. I ka hopena o ke kenekulia ma mua o ka hala, mai 40 a 50 tausani ʻili corsac i lawe ʻia aku mai Russia i kēlā me kēia makahiki. I ke kenekulia i hala, ua lilo ka hoʻoilo Lūkini o 1923-24 i "hua nui" loa, ke ʻohi ʻia nā ʻili he 135.7 tausani.
Hoihoi ia! ʻAʻole i lohi ʻo Mongolia ma hope o ko mākou ʻāina, e hoʻouna ana i ka Soviet Union mai 1932 a 1972 a i 1.1 miliona mau ʻili, kahi o ka piko o ka lawe aku i 1947 (aneane 63 tausani).
Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka ʻimi ʻana i ka corsac e nā kānāwai aupuni (i lawe ʻia ma Mongolia, Lūkia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan a me Uzbekistan), kahi mea i manaʻo ʻia he laha nui ia o ke kālepa huluhulu. Pāpā ʻia kēlā ʻano o ke kāʻili ʻana e like me ka puhipaka ʻana mai nā lua, ka haehae ʻana a i ʻole ke kahe ʻana o ka lua me ka wai, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi maunu ʻona. ʻAe ʻia ka ʻimi ʻana i nā corsac a me ka hei ʻana ma Lūkia, Turkmenistan a me Kazakhstan mai Nowemapa a Malaki.
ʻO nā mea hoʻoweliweli ʻē aʻe e pili pū ana me ka overgrazing a me ke kūkulu ʻana i nā pono hana, me nā hale a me nā alanui, a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana mining. I nā wahi he nui o Siberia, kahi i mahi ʻia ai nā ʻāina puʻupaʻa, ua kipaku ʻia ka corsac mai nā wahi maʻamau o ka ʻalopeke ʻulaʻula, i hoʻololi hou ʻia i ke kaiāulu me nā kānaka. Ke emi nei ka heluna o nā alopeke steppe ma muli o ka nalowale ʻana o nā marmots, nona nā lua e hoʻohana ʻia ai e nā mea ʻino ma ke ʻano he mau puʻuhonua.... Loaʻa ʻo Korsak i nā pōmaikaʻi mai ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā rodents weliweli, a ua hui pū ʻia me nā puke ʻikepili ʻulaʻula o ka Russian Federation, ʻo Buryatia a me Bashkiria.
