ʻO ka pilikua sauropod diplodocus, ka mea i noho ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau 154-152 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua ʻike ʻia, ʻoiai ka nui, ka dinosaur māmā loa e pili ana i ka lakio lōʻihi-a-kaupaona.
Hōʻike o diplodocus
ʻO kaokalocus (diplodocus, a i ʻole dioeses) kahi ʻāpana o ka infraorder sauropod nui, e hōʻike ana i kekahi o nā moʻokūʻauhau o dinosaur dinosaur, i kapa ʻia ma hope o ka paleontologist ʻo Otniel C. Marsh (USA). Hoʻohui ka inoa i nā huaʻōlelo Helene ʻelua - διπλόος "pālua" a me "beam / beam" - e hōʻike ana i kahi hanana huelo hoihoi, nona nā iwi waena i hoʻopau i nā hana spinous i hui ʻia.
Helehelena
Hoʻohanohano ka Jurassic algorithocus i kekahi mau inoa inoa ʻole... ʻO ia (me kona mau wāwae ikaika, ʻāʻī elongated a me ka huelo wīwī) i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā dinosaur e ʻike maʻalahi ʻia, ʻo ia paha ka lōʻihi loa i loaʻa, a ʻo ka dinosaur nui hoʻi i loaʻa mai nā iwi iwi piha.
Kūkulu kino
He helehelena kupaianaha kā ka diplodocus - nā iwi hollow o ka huelo a me ka ʻāʻī, kahi i kōkua i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka ukana ma ka ʻōnaehana musculoskeletal. ʻO ka ʻāʻī he 15 vertebrae (i ke ʻano o nā kaola pālua), a, e like me nā paleontologists, ua hoʻopiha ʻia me nā ʻeke ʻea e kamaʻilio ana.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO ka huelo i hoʻolōʻihi ʻia i hoʻopili ʻia me 80 hollow vertebrae: ʻane ʻelua mau manawa a ʻoi i nā sauropods ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole i lawelawe ka huelo ma ke ʻano he counterweight i ka ʻāʻī lōʻihi, akā hoʻohana ʻia no ka pale ʻana.
ʻO nā kaʻina spinous pālua, ka mea i hāʻawi i ka diplodocus i kona inoa generic, i ka manawa hoʻokahi i kākoʻo i ka huelo a pale i kāna mau kīʻaha koko mai ka pāʻina. I ka makahiki 1990, ua loaʻa nā ʻili o ka diplodocus, kahi, ma luna o ka hahau o ka huelo, ua ʻike nā paleontologists i nā ʻoka (e like me ka ulu ʻana o nā iguanas), e holo pū paha ma ke kua / ka ʻāʻī a hiki i 18 kenimika. He ʻelima mau manamana wāwae toed ka Scanocus (ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o nā hope ma mua o nā mua) me nā māiʻuʻu pōkole e kau ana i nā manamana o loko.
ʻO ke poʻo poʻo a me ke ʻano
E like me ka hapanui o nā dinosaurs, ua liʻiliʻi ka poʻo o ka diplodocus a he lawa ka nui o ka lolo i mea e ola ai. ʻO ka wehe ihu wale nō (ʻaʻole like me nā mea i hoʻopili ʻia) ʻaʻole ma ka hope o ka waha, e like me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe, akā ma ka ʻaoʻao kiʻekiʻe o ka iwi poʻo i mua o nā maka. Aia nā niho e like me nā kuiki liʻiliʻi ma kahi o mua o ka waha o ka waha.
Mea nui! I kekahi mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua ʻike ʻia kahi ʻike hoihoi i nā ʻaoʻao o ka Pai no Vertebrate Paleontology ua hoʻololi ke poʻo o kahi diplodocus i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana ke ulu.
ʻO ke kumu no ka hopena ka noiʻi i mālama ʻia me ka iwi poʻo o kahi diplodocus ʻōpio (mai ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Carnegie o ka Mōʻaukala Kūlohelohe), i loaʻa ma 1921. Wahi a kekahi o nā kānaka noiʻi, ʻo D. Whitlock (Ke Kulanui o Michigan), ʻoi aku ka nui o nā maka o ka ʻōpio a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka waha i ka maka o ka diplodocus makua, akā he ʻano maʻamau ia no nā holoholona āpau.
Ua pūʻiwa ka poʻe ʻepekema e kekahi - ke ʻano i manaʻo ʻole ʻia o ke poʻo, a ua hele a makaʻā, ʻaʻole huinahā, e like me ka diplodocus ʻoʻoleʻa. E like me kā Jeffrey Wilson, kekahi o nā mea kākau o ka pepa i paʻi ʻia i ka Ka Nūpepa o Vertebrate Paleontology, i ʻōlelo ai, "A hiki i kēia manawa, manaʻo mākou ua like ka iwi poʻo o ka poʻe ʻōpio me ka iwi poʻo."
Paukū memo
Mahalo i nā helu a David Gillette, i hana ʻia ma 1991, ua hoʻonohonoho mua ʻia ka diplodocus ma waena o nā colossi maoli o ka hope o Jurassic.... Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Gillette ua ulu nā holoholona nui loa i 54 mau mika, e loaʻa ana ka nui o 113 tone. Auē, ua hewa nā helu ma muli o ka helu hewa i hōʻike ʻia o ka vertebrae.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO nā ana maoli o ka diplodocus, i lawe ʻia mai nā hopena o ka noiʻi o kēia ao, ke nānā aku he haʻahaʻa - mai 27 a 35 m ka lōʻihi (kahi i helu ʻia e ka huelo a me ka ʻāʻī), a me 10-20 a i ʻole 20-80 mau tona, e pili ana i ke ʻano o kāna ho'ākāka.
Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka hoʻohālikelike e ola nei a me ka ʻoi loa o ka pale o ka ucocus carnegii he 10-16 mau tona me ka lōʻihi o ke kino o 25 mika.
Ka nohona ola, hana
I ka makahiki 1970, ua ʻae ka honua ʻepekema ʻo nā sauropods āpau, e like me warnocus, he holoholona terrestrial: ua manaʻo ʻia ma mua ua noho ka diplodocus (ma muli o ka ihu i ka piko o ke poʻo) i kahi wai wai. I ka 1951, ua hōʻole ʻia kēia kuhiakau e ka paleontologist Pelekane Kenneth A. Kermak, nāna i hōʻoia ʻaʻole hiki i kahi sauropod ke hanu i ka luʻu ʻana ma muli o ke kaomi i ʻike ʻia o ka wai ma ka umauma.
Eia kekahi, ʻo nā manaʻo mua e pili ana i ke kūlana o ka diplodocus, i hōʻike ʻia i ke kūkulu hou ʻia ʻana o Oliver Hay me nā pēpē i kī ʻia (e like me kahi moʻo), ua hoʻololi ʻia kekahi. Manaʻo kekahi he pono i kahi diplodocus i ʻauwaha ma lalo o kona ʻōpū nui e neʻe kūleʻa a huki mau i kāna huelo ma ka honua.
Hoihoi ia! Ua huki pinepine ʻia ka algorithocus me ko lākou mau poʻo a me nā ʻāʻī i hāpai ʻia i luna, a he wahaheʻe kēia - huli kēia i ka hoʻohālikelike kamepiula, e hōʻike ana i ke kūlana maʻamau o ka ʻāʻī ʻaʻole kū i luna, akā ākea.
Ua ʻike ʻia ua hoʻokaʻawale ka diplodocus i ka vertebrae, i kākoʻo ʻia e nā paʻa o nā ligament elastis, ma muli o ka neʻe ʻana o kona poʻo i ka hema a me ka ʻākau, ʻaʻole hoʻi i luna a i lalo, e like me ka dinosaur me ka vertebrae unsplit. Ua hōʻoia kēia noi i ka hopena i hana ʻia ma mua e ka paleontologist ʻo Kent Stevens (Ke Kulanui o Oregon), nāna i hoʻohana i nā ʻenehana uila e kūkulu hou / e ʻike i ka iwi o ka diplodocus. Hoʻomaopopo pū ʻo ia i ke kūpono o ka ʻāʻī o ka Hewocus i kūpono no kona neʻe ʻana ma lalo / hema, akā ʻaʻole i luna.
ʻO kahi diplodocus nui a kaumaha hoʻi, kū i luna o nā kia-ʻehā, lohi loa, ʻoiai i ka manawa like hiki ke hāpai i hoʻokahi wāwae mai ka honua (ʻo ke koena ʻekolu i kākoʻo i kahi kino nui). Ua ʻōlelo pū kekahi nā Pontontologists e hāpai iki ʻia nā manamana wāwae o ka sauropod mai ka honua aku e hōʻemi ai i ka haʻalulu o nāʻiʻo ke hele wāwae. ʻO ke kino o ka diplodocus, me he mea lā, ua hoʻohuli iki ʻia i mua, a wehewehe ʻia e ka lōʻihi kiʻekiʻe o kona mau wāwae hope.
Ma muli o nā pae wāwae o ka hui, ua hoʻoholo nā ʻepekema ua ukali ka diplodocus i kahi nohona kau.
Wā ola
Mai ka manaʻo o kekahi mau paleontologists, ua kokoke ka lōʻihi o ke ola o kahi diplodocus i 200-250 mau makahiki.
Paukū hoʻoipoipo
I kēia manawa aia kekahi mau ʻano i ʻike ʻia e pili ana i ka genus suggocus, nā mea a pau he mau lāʻau ʻoka.
- ʻO ka algorithocus longus ka lāhui mua i loaʻa;
- Warnocus carnegii - Hōʻike ʻia i ka makahiki 1901 e John Hetcher, nāna i kapa ka inoa ma hope o Andrew Carnegie. Kaulana ka laha no ka iwi iwi i aneane piha, kope ʻia e nā hale hōʻikeʻike honua he nui;
- Warnocus hayi - he iwi iwi i loaʻa ma 1902 ma Wyoming, akā ua wehewehe wale ʻia ma 1924;
- Hoʻomaopopo hewa i ka makahiki 1991 e David Gillette ma ke ʻano he "seismosaurus".
ʻO nā ʻano āpau e pili ana i ka genus manatocus (me ka ʻokoʻa o ka mea hope loa) i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ka wā mai 1878 a 1924.
ʻIke moʻolelo
ʻO nā fossil diplodocus mua ka mea i hoʻi mai i ka makahiki 1877, mahalo i nā hana a Beniamina Mogge lāua ʻo Samuel Williston, nā mea i loaʻa ka vertebrae kokoke i Canon City (Colorado, USA). I ka makahiki e hiki mai ana, ua wehewehe ʻia ka holoholona ʻike ʻole ʻia e ke Kumu Kula ʻo Yale ʻo Othniel Charles Marsh, e hāʻawi ana i ka iʻa i ka inoa inoa inoa inoa. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻāpana waena o ka huelo e kahi vertebrae ʻano ʻole, no ka mea i loaʻa i ka diplodocus ka inoa o kēia manawa ʻo "double beam".
Ma hope mai, ua loaʻa kahi iwi iwi (me ka iwi ʻole) i ka makahiki 1899, a me kahi iwi poʻo, i ʻike ʻia i ka makahiki 1883, i pili ʻia i ka lāza manatocus longus. Mai ia manawa, ua loaʻa pinepine nā paleontologists i nā mōʻalihaku o diplodocus, me lākou i loko o nā ʻano like ʻole, ka mea kaulana loa (ma muli o ke kū pono o ka iwi iwi) ʻo ia kaokalocus carnegii, i loaʻa ma 1899 na Jacob Wortman. ʻO kēia hiʻohiʻona, 25 m ka lōʻihi a ke kaupaona ʻana ma kahi o 15 tone, i loaʻa ka inoa kapakapa Dippy.
Hoihoi ia! Ua kope ʻia ʻo Dippy ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa me 10 mau kope kope i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o nā hale hōʻikeʻike nui, e like me ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Zoological o St. Ua hōʻike ʻo Andrew Cornegie i ka makahiki 1910 i kahi kope "Lūkia" o ka mekokalaka iā Tsar Nicholas II.
Ua loaʻa nā koena mua o ka Hassocus hallorum i ka makahiki 1979 ma New Mexico a kuhi hewa ʻia e David Gillett no nā iwi o ka seismosaur. ʻO ke hiʻohiʻona, ʻo ia me kahi iwi iwi me nā ʻāpana o ka vertebrae, nā iwi ʻaoʻao a me ke pelvis, ua hōʻike hewa ʻia i ka makahiki 1991 ma ke ʻano he Seismosaurus Halli. A i ka makahiki 2004 wale nō, ma ka ʻaha kūkā makahiki o ka Geological Society of America, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia seismosaur ma ke ʻano he diplodocus. I ka 2006, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia ʻo D. longus iā D. hallorum.
Ua loaʻa ka iwi "freshest" i ka makahiki 2009 kokoke i ke kūlanakauhale o Ten Slip (Wyoming) e nā keiki kāne a ka paleontologist ʻo Raymond Albersdorfer. ʻO ka ʻeli ʻana o ka diplodocus, i kapa ʻia ʻo Misty (pōkole no Mysterious no "pohihihi"), alakaʻi ʻia e Dinosauria International, LLC.
Ua hala he 9 mau pule e huki ai i nā mōʻalihaku, a ma hope ua hoʻouna ʻia lākou i ke keʻena hoʻokolohua waena no ka hana ʻana i nā fossil, aia ma Netherlands. A laila ka iwi iwi, i hōʻiliʻili ʻia mai 40% o nā iwi kumu o kahi diplodocus ʻōpio, 17 m ka lōʻihi, i hoʻouna ʻia i ʻEnelani e kūʻai aku ma ke kauwela ʻo Summers Place (West Sussex). Ma Nowemapa 27, 2013, ua loaʻa ʻo Misty no £ 488,000 e ka Natural History Museum o Denmark ma ke Kulanui o Copenhagen.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Ua noho ʻo algorithocus i ka wā hope loa o Jurassic kahi o ʻAmelika Hema i kēia manawa, ma ka hapa komohana... Noho lākou i nā ululāʻau pāhihi me nā lau nahele puʻupaʻa.
Paukū ʻaʻai
ʻO ke kumumanaʻo i ʻohi nā diplodocus i nā lau mai ka piko o nā kumulāʻau ua komo i loko o ka wā i hala: me ka ulu ʻana a 10 mau mika a me ka ʻāʻī ākea ākea, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke kiʻi i luna (ma luna o nā māka 10 mika) o nā lau nahele, e kaupalena ana iā lākou iho i waena a me nā haʻahaʻa.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, manaʻoʻiʻo kekahi mau ʻepekema ua ʻoki nā holoholona i nā lau kiʻekiʻe e waiho ana ma muli o ka ʻāʻī, akā i nā mākala ikaika o ke kua, i hiki ai ke hāpai i nā wāwae mua mai ka honua, e hilinaʻi ana i nā wāwae hope. Ua ʻai ʻokoʻa i ka puleocus mai nā sauropods ʻē aʻe: ʻike ʻia kēia e nā ʻano like o ka Comb-like o nā niho kui-ʻano, i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka hoʻomaka o ka iwi ā, a me kā lākou mau lole kikoʻī.
Hoihoi ia! ʻAʻole kūpono nā āwaliwali a me nā niho kui no ka nau pono ʻana. Paleontologists maopopo leʻa he paʻakikī no ka diplodocus e ʻohiʻohi i nā lau, akā maʻalahi ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā mea kanu ma lalo.
Eia kekahi, ʻo ka papaʻai diplodocus i hoʻopili ʻia:
- lau fern / wana;
- na nila / cone o na conifers;
- limu;
- molluscs liʻiliʻi (ʻai ʻia me ka limu).
Ua kōkua nā pōhaku Gastrolith i ka wili a ʻeli ʻana i nā mea ulu.
ʻAʻole hoʻokūkū kekahi o nā lunamakaʻāinana a me nā mākua o kēia ʻano i ke koho ʻana i ka meaʻai, ʻoiai lākou e ʻai ai i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o nā mea kanu.
ʻO ia ke kumu i loaʻa ai i nā ʻōpio nā muzzles ʻikiʻī, ʻoiai ʻo ko lākou mau hoapili he kūlike. ʻO ka diplodocus ʻōpio, mahalo i ka ʻike ākea, loaʻa mau nā tidbits.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
ʻO ka mea nui paha, ua kau ka wahine diplodocus i mau hua (kēlā me kēia me ka kinipōpō peku) i nā lua pāpaʻu āna i ʻeli ai ma waho o ka ululāʻau. Ua hana ʻo ia i kahi lālau, hoʻolei ʻo ia i nā hua me ke one / honua a neʻe mālie, ʻo ia, ua ʻano like ia me kahi honu kai maʻamau.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻokoʻa ka honu keiki, ʻaʻole wikiwiki ka diplodocus hānau hou i ka wai hoʻōla, akā i nā tropika e hūnā mai nā mea hōkai ma nā mānoanoa. Ke ʻike nei i kahi ʻenemi hiki ke kū, ʻāwī nā keiki a hoʻohui pono ʻia me nā lāʻau.
Hoihoi ia! Mai nā loiloi histological o ka iwi iwi, ua maopopo ka diplodocus, e like me nā sauropods ʻē aʻe, ulu wikiwiki, loaʻa 1 ton i kēlā me kēia makahiki a hiki i ka momona ma hope o 10 mau makahiki.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻO ka nui paʻa o ka manatocus i hoʻohihi i kekahi hopohopo i loko o kona mau makahiki carnivorous, Allosaurus a me Ceratosaurus, nona nā koena i loaʻa i nā papa like me nā iwi skrons. Eia nō naʻe, kēia mau dinosaurs carnivorous, kahi i hoʻohui ʻia ai nā ornitholestes, e ʻimi mau nei i nā cubs diplodocus. Palekana wale nā ʻōpio i loko o nā ʻōpuna o ka pakeke kaza.
E hoihoi pū kekahi:
- Spinosaurus (Lakina Spinosaurus)
- Velociraptor (lat.Velociraptor)
- ʻO Stegosaurus (Lūkini Stegosaurus)
- Tarbosaurus (lat.Tarbosaurus)
I ka ulu ʻana o ka holoholona, ua emi mau ka nui o kona mau ʻenemi kūwaho.... ʻAʻole he mea kupanaha, i ka pau ʻana o ka wā Jurassic, ua lilo ka diplodocus i mea nui ma waena o nā dinosaurs hū. ʻO kaokalocus, e like me nā dinosaur nui, lilo i ka napoʻo o ka Jurassic, ma kahi o 150 miliona mau makahiki i hala. n. ʻO nā kumu o ka luku ʻia o ka genus hiki ke hoʻololi i nā kaiaola i nā wahi maʻamau, ka emi o ka lako o ka meaʻai, a i ʻole ke ʻano o nā ʻano manu lele e ʻai i nā holoholona ʻōpio.
