I Lūkia, ua kapa ʻia kēia mau manu he ʻaeto kai, no ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā kapakai a me nā kīʻaha wai. Ma ʻaneʻi e ʻike ai ka ʻaeto huelo keʻokeʻo i kāna mea pio nui, ka iʻa.
Ka wehewehe o ka ʻaeto huelo keʻokeʻo
ʻO Haliaeetus albicilla (ʻaeto ʻaole keʻokeʻo) no ka genus o nā ʻaeto kai, i komo pū i loko o ka ʻohana hawk. ʻO ka helehelena a me ka lawena o ka ʻaeto huelo keʻokeʻo (ʻike ʻia he hina hina i Ukraine) ʻano like me kona ʻohana ʻAmelika ʻo Haliaeetus leucocephalus, ka ʻaeto ʻōhule. No kekahi mau ornithologists, ua like ka like o nā ʻano ʻelua i kumu no ko lākou hoʻohui ʻia i hoʻokahi superspecies.
Helehelena
ʻO kahi manu manu nui o ka hana nui me nā wāwae ikaika, nona nā paws (ʻokoʻa ka ʻaeto gula, kahi e hoʻohālikelike mau ʻia ai ka ʻaeto huelo keʻokeʻo) ʻaʻole uhi ʻia me nā hulu a hiki i nā manamana wāwae. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā paws me nā māiʻuwi wīwī ʻoi loa no ke kiʻi ʻana a me ka paʻa ʻana i ka pāʻani, kahi a ka manu e uhae ʻole ai me ka nuku ikaika. Ulu aeto keʻokeʻo huelo keʻokeʻo i 0.7-1 m me ke kaumaha o 5-7 kg a me ka ʻēheu o 2-2.5 m. Ua kiʻi ʻia kona inoa mai ka huelo pōkole e like me ka wedge, pena keʻokeʻo a me ka hoʻohālikelike me ka hope brown brown o ke kino.
Hoihoi ia! ʻOi aku ka pōʻeleʻele o nā manu ʻōpio ma mua o nā mākua, he nuku ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele a me nā huelo, nā kiko lōʻihi i ka ʻōpū a me kahi mamana ma ka ʻaoʻao kiʻekiʻe o ka huelo. Me kēlā me kēia molt, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻōpio me nā ʻohana ʻelemakule, ke kiʻi ʻana i kahi hiʻohiʻona mākua ma hope o ka wā ʻōpio, ka mea i kū ʻole ma mua o 5 mau makahiki, a i kekahi manawa ma hope.
ʻO ka plumage ʻeleʻele o nā ʻeheu a me ke kino e hoʻomālamalama iki i ke poʻo, e loaʻa ana i kahi melemele a keʻokeʻo. Kāhea ʻia ʻo Orlana i kekahi manawa he maka gula no kona mau maka amber-melemele kuʻi. ʻO nā wāwae, e like me ka nuku ikaika, melemele māmā pū kekahi.
Ka nohona ola, hana
ʻO ka ʻaeto ʻaole huelo keʻokeʻo ke ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ka hāhā hulu manu nui nui loa ma ʻEulopa, a koe wale nō ka ʻaeto griffon, ka ʻumiʻumi ʻumiʻumi a me ka manu ʻeleʻele i mua. He monogamous nā aeto a, e hana ana i kahi pālua, no nā makahiki he umi i noho i hoʻokahi wahi me ka radius a hiki i 25-80 km, kahi e kūkulu ai i nā pūnana paʻa, ʻimi a hoʻokuke aku i ko lākou mau hoa ʻohana. ʻAʻole kū nā ʻaeto keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo i ka hana me kā lākou mau moa ponoʻī, e hoʻouna iā lākou mai ka hale o ko lākou makuakāne ke ala lākou i luna o ka ʻēheu.
Mea nui! Wahi a nā ʻike a Buturlin, ʻano like nā ʻaeto i ka ʻaeto a me ka like iki me nā aeto gula, akā ma waho o ka kūloko: ʻokoʻa kā lākou ʻano maʻamau a me ko lākou nohona. Pili ka ʻaeto i ka ʻaeto gula ʻaʻole wale ma ka tarsus olohelohe (hulu lākou i ka ʻaeto), akā me kahi ʻāpana kūikawā hoʻi ma ka ʻaoʻao o loko o nā manamana lima, kahi e kōkua ai e mālama i nā mea pahee.
Ke nānā nei i ka papa o ka wai, nānā ka ʻaeto huelo keʻokeʻo i ka iʻa i mea e luʻu koke ai iā ia, a me he mea lā e ʻohi iā ia me kona mau wāwae. Inā hohonu ka iʻa, hele ka predator i lalo o ka wai i kahi manawa, akā ʻaʻole lawa ka nalowale ʻana o ka hoʻomalu a make.
ʻO nā moʻolelo i hiki i nā iʻa nui ke huki i ka ʻaeto i lalo o ka wai, i ka manaʻo o Buturlin, he kaʻao palaualelo.... Aia kekahi mau lawaiʻa i koi ua ʻike lākou i nā māiʻu o ka ʻaeto i ulu i hope o ka paʻa i hopu ʻia.
ʻAʻole hiki i kēia, he manuahi - manuahi ka manu e hoʻokuʻu i kāna paʻa ʻana, e hoʻokuʻu i ka Stefgeon a hemo i kēlā me kēia manawa. ʻO ka lele ʻana o ka ʻaeto ʻaʻole ia he mea kupaianaha a impetuous e like me ka ʻaeto a me ka falcon. Kū'ē i ko lākou kua, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kaumaha o ka ʻaeto, ʻokoʻa i ka ʻaeto i kū pololei a ʻoi aʻe ke kiko, aneane ʻole e kulou, nā ʻeheu.
Hoʻohana pinepine ka ʻaeto huelo keʻokeʻo i kona mau ʻeheu ākea, pālahalaha, no ka piʻi ʻana o ka ikaika me ke kōkua o ka piʻi ʻana i nā ea. Noho ʻo ia ma nā lālā, ʻo ka ʻaeto ka hapanui o nā mea āpau e like me ka manu lele me kona poʻo e hiolo ana a me nā puʻupuʻu ruffled. Wahi a ka ʻepekema Soviet kaulana ʻo Boris Veprintsev, ka mea nāna i hōʻiliʻili i kahi waihona paʻa o nā leo manu, ua ʻike ʻia ka aeto keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo e ka ʻuā kiʻekiʻe "kli-kli-kli ..." a i ʻole "kyak-kyak-kyak ...". Hoʻololi ka ʻaeto hopohopo i ka uē pōkole e like me ke kolo metallic, kahi mea e like me "kick-kick ..." a i ʻole "kick-kick ...".
Pehea ka lōʻihi e ola ai ka ʻaeto huelo keʻokeʻo
I ka noho pio ʻana, ola ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o nā manu ma mua o ka nahelehele, ke ola nei a 40 mau makahiki a ʻoi paha. Noho ka ʻaeto huelo keʻokeʻo i kona ʻano kūlohelohe 25-25 mau makahiki.
Dimorphism moekolohe
ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa ka wahine a me nā kāne i ka waihoʻoluʻu o ka plumage e like me ka nui: ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wahine a ʻoi aku ke kaumaha ma mua o nā kāne. Inā kaupaona ka mea hope i 5-5.5 kg, loaʻa ka mea ma mua i 7 kg o ka nui.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Inā ʻoe e nānā i ka pae Eurasia o ka aeto huelo keʻokeʻo, mai Scandinavia a me Denmark a hiki i ke awāwa ʻo Elbe, hopu iā Czech Republic, Slovakia a me Hungary, hele mai ka Balkan Peninsula a hiki i ke kahawai ʻo Anadyr a me Kamchatka, e hoʻolaha ana i kahakai Pākīpika o East Asia.
Ma kona ʻaoʻao ʻākau, holo ka pae ma kahakai o Nolewai (a hiki i ka 70th parallel), ma ka ʻākau o ke Kola Peninsula, ma ka hema o Kanin a me Timan tundra, ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o Yamal, e hele hou ana i ka Gydan Peninsula a i ke 70th parallel, a laila i nā waha o Yenisei a me Pyasina. (ma Taimyr), e moe ana ma waena o nā awāwa ʻo Khatanga a me Lena (a hiki i ka 73rd kūlike) a hoʻopau kokoke i ka pali hema o ka pali ʻo Chukotka.
Hoʻohui ʻia, loaʻa ka ʻaeto huelo keʻokeʻo i nā wahi ma ka hema.
- ʻO Asia Uuku a me Helene;
- Iraq ʻākau a me ʻIrani;
- nā pae haʻahaʻa o ka Amu Darya;
- nā ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa o ke Alakol, Ili a me Zaisan;
- Kina hikina hikina;
- Mongolia ʻākau;
- Kōlea Kōlea.
Noho pū ka aeto huelo keʻokeʻo ma ke kai komohana o Greenland a i Disko Bay. ʻO nā pūnana manu ma nā mokupuni e like me nā mokupuni ʻo Kuril, Sakhalin, Oland, Iceland a me Hokkaido. ʻ suggestlelo nā Ornithologists e noho ka lehulehu o nā aeto kai ma nā mokupuni ʻo Novaya Zemlya a me Vaygach. Ma mua, ua pūnana ka ʻaeto i nā mokupuni ʻo Faroe a me Pelekane, Sardinia a me Corsica. No ka hoʻoilo, koho ka ʻaeto huelo keʻokeʻo i nā ʻāina ʻEulopa, hikina Kina a me ʻAkia Hema-Komohana.
Hoihoi ia! I ke kūkulu ʻākau, hana ka ʻaeto i kahi manu neʻe maʻamau, i nā wahi hema a waena - e like me kahi sedentary a nomadic paha. ʻO nā aeto ʻōpio e noho ana ma ke ala waena e hele maʻamau i ka hema i ka hoʻoilo, ʻoiai ʻaʻole makaʻu nā mea kahiko i ka hibernate i nā kino wai kū ʻole.
I ko mākou ʻāina, loaʻa ka ʻaeto huelo keʻokeʻo ma nā wahi āpau, akā ʻo ka nui o ka lehulehu i ʻike ʻia ma nā moku ʻo Azov, Caspian a me Baikal, kahi e ʻike pinepine ʻia ai ka manu. ʻO ka pūnana ʻaeto huelo keʻokeʻo ma kahi kokoke i nā wai nui ma loko o ka ʻāina nui a me nā kahakai kai, nā mea e hoʻolako ai i nā manu me ka lako o ka meaʻai.
ʻAi ʻaeto ʻaole keʻokeʻo
ʻO ka ipu punahele a ka ʻaeto he iʻa (ʻaʻohe kaumaha ma mua o 3 kg), kahi e noho ana i ka wahi nui i kāna papaʻai. Akā ʻaʻole pili ka makemake o ka mea ʻaihue i ka iʻa wale nō: leʻaleʻa ʻo ia i ka pāʻina ʻana ma ka pāʻani ululāʻau (ʻāina a me nā manu), a i ka hoʻoilo hoʻololi pinepine ʻo ia i ka make.
ʻO ka papaʻai o ka ʻaeto huelo keʻokeʻo:
- ka moa wai, me nā ʻāpō, nā loona a me nā geese;
- nā hare;
- marmots (bobaki);
- ʻiole mole;
- gophers
Hoʻololi ka ʻaeto i nā hana hahai holoholona e like me ke ʻano a me ka nui o ka mea i alualu ʻia. Lilo ʻo ia i ka mea pio i ka lele a luʻu paha iā ia mai luna mai, e nānā ana mai ka lewa, a kiaʻi pū nō hoʻi, e noho ana ma luna o ka piʻo a i ʻole lawe wale ʻia mai ia e kahi mea ʻino nāwaliwali.
Ma ka ʻāpana steppe, moe ʻo nā ʻaeto i ke kakali no nā bobaks, nā iole mole a me nā ʻūlū lepo ma ko lākou mau lua, a hopu lākou i nā māmela wikiwiki e like me nā hares i ka lele. No ka moa manu (me nā mea nui, nā eider-nui, nā ʻāpō) hoʻohana i kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa, e koi ana iā lākou e luʻu i ka makaʻu.
Mea nui! Maʻamau nā maʻi, nāwaliwali a i ʻole nā holoholona kahiko e lilo i poʻe iʻa ʻia nā aeto. ʻO nā ʻaeto manu keʻokeʻo huelo keʻokeʻo mai nā iʻa i paʻa i ka hau, nalowale a maʻi i nā ilo. ʻO kēia a me ka ʻai ʻana o ke kalaiwa e ʻae iā mākou e noʻonoʻo i nā manu e like me nā hoʻonohonoho kūlohelohe maoli.
Hilinaʻi nā kiaʻi manu e mālama nā ʻaeto ʻaole keʻokeʻo i ke kaulike olaola o kā lākou biotopes.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Kākoʻo ka ʻaeto huelo keʻokeʻo i nā loina moʻo conservative, ma muli o kāna koho ʻana i hoa no ke koena o kona ola.... Lele pū kekahi o nā ʻaeto i ka hoʻoilo, a ma ka like o ka like, ma Malaki - ʻApelila, hoʻi lākou i ka home i ko lākou wahi ʻōiwi.
Kūlike ka pūnana aeto me kahi waiwai ʻohana - noho nā manu i loko o ia mau makahiki i hala (me nā haki no ka hoʻoilo), kūkulu a hoʻihoʻi e like me ka mea e pono ai. Hoʻokomo nā Predators i ka muliwai a me nā kahakai i ulu nui ʻia e nā kumulāʻau (e laʻa me nā ʻoka, nā birch, nā pine a i ʻole nā wīwī) a i ʻole pili pololei i nā pali a me nā pali kahawai, kahi ʻaʻohe mea kanu kūpono no ka pūnana ʻana.
Kūkulu nā aeto i kahi pūnana mai nā lālā mānoanoa, e uhi ana i ka lalo me nā ʻāpana o ka ʻili, nā lālā, ka mauʻu, nā hulu a kau iā ia ma kahi lālā nui a i ʻole kaʻi. ʻO ke kumu nui ke kau ʻana i ka pūnana i kahi hiki ke hiki (15-25 m mai ka honua) mai nā mea ʻānai e komo ana i luna.
Hoihoi ia! ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pūnana ma mua o 1 m ke anawaena, akā i kēlā me kēia makahiki e hoʻonui ana ia i ke kaupaona, ke kiʻekiʻe a me ka laulā a hiki i ka pālua ʻana: hāʻule pinepine nā hale i lalo, a kūkulu hou nā ʻaeto i ko lākou mau pūnana.
Waiho ka wahine i ʻelua (kākaʻikahi ka 1 a me ka 3) hua keʻokeʻo, i kekahi manawa me nā kiko puʻupuʻu. ʻO kēlā me kēia hua manu he 7-7.8 cm * 5.7-6.2 cm ka nui. He 5 mau pule ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻouluulu ʻana, a kau ʻia nā moa i Mei, pono i ka mālama makua no ʻaneʻane 3 mahina. I ka hoʻomaka o ʻAukake, hoʻomaka ka pua e lele, a mai ka hapa ʻelua o Kepakemapa a i ʻOkakopa hoʻi, haʻalele ka ʻōpio i nā pūnana makua.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
Ma muli o ka nui o ka nui a me ka nuku ikaika, ʻaʻohe o ka ʻaeto keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo maoli nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe. ʻOiaʻiʻo, pili wale kēia i nā mākua, a ʻo nā hua a me nā moa o nā ʻaeto i lalo o ke kaomi ʻia mai nā holoholona holoholona hiki ke piʻi i nā kumulāʻau pūnana. Ua hoʻokūpaʻa nā Ornithologists i ka nui o nā pūnana i kūkulu ʻia e nā ʻaeto i ka ʻākau hikina o Sakhalin e luku ʻia e ... nā bea ʻeleʻele, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e nā ʻili palaoa ma ka ʻili. No laila, i ka 2005, ua luku ʻia nā bea ʻōpio kokoke i ka hapalua o nā pūnana me nā moa aeto ʻaole keʻokeʻo ma nā ʻano ʻokoʻa o ko lākou ulu.
Hoihoi ia! I ka waena o ke kenekulia i hala, ua lilo ka ʻenemi ʻino loa o nā ʻaeto i kanaka i hoʻoholo e ʻai nui i ka iʻa a hopu i ka nui o nā muskrats, nāna e hāʻawi iā ia me ka hulu waiwai.
ʻO ka hopena o ka luku ʻana, ke kī ʻole ʻia nā manu makua wale nō, akā ʻo ka make ʻana o kahi hapa nui o nā holoholona. I kēia mau lā, ʻike ʻia nā ʻaeto huelo keʻokeʻo he mau hoaaloha no ke kanaka a me ka holoholona, akā i kēia manawa he mau kumu hou ko nā manu no ka hoʻoluhi, no ka laʻana, ka nui o nā mea ʻimi holoholona a me nā mākaʻikaʻi, e alakaʻi ana i kahi hoʻololi o nā wahi pūnana.
Nui nā ʻaeto i make i nā pahele i kau ʻia i nā holoholona nahele: ma kahi o 35 mau manu e make i kēlā me kēia makahiki no kēia kumu.... Eia hou, ʻo ka ʻaeto, ma hope o ke kipa mālama ʻole ʻia e kekahi kanaka, hoʻolei ʻo ia i kāna mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka minamina ʻole, akā ʻaʻole loa e hoʻouka i ka poʻe, ʻoiai lākou e hōʻino i kāna pūnana.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
ʻO Nolewai a me Lūkia (kahi a hiki i 7 tausani mau pūnana pūnana) i ʻoi aku ma mua o 55% o ko ʻEulopa huakaʻi keʻokeʻo huelo keʻokeʻo, ʻoiai ka mahele o nā ʻano ma ʻEulopa he sporadic. Ua helu ʻia ʻo Haliaeetus albicilla i loko o nā puke ʻikepili ʻulaʻula o ka Russian Federation a me ka IUCN, a ma ka lua ua helu ʻia ʻo ia me "ka hopohopo ʻole" ma muli o ka nui o nā wahi noho.
I ʻEulopa, ʻo ka heluna o ka aeto huelo keʻokeʻo he 9-12.3 tausani mau hānau hānau, i like ia me 17.9-24.5 tausani manu makua. ʻO ka heluna o ʻEulopa, e like me ka manaʻo o IUCN, ma kahi o 50-77% o ka heluna o ka honua, e hōʻike ana i ka helu o ka ʻaeto kai kokoke i 24.2-49 tausani manu oʻo.
ʻOiai ka lohi o ka ulu ʻana o ka heluna o ka honua, ʻeha ka ʻaeto huelo keʻokeʻo i nā kumu anthropogenic he nui:
- hoʻohaʻahaʻa a me ka nalo ʻana o nā wahi wai;
- ke kūkulu ʻana i nā mīkini uila;
- haumia kaiapuni;
- hiki ʻole o nā wahi pūnana (ma muli o nā hana o kēia au i hoʻohana ʻia i nā ulu lāʻau);
- ka hoʻomaʻau ʻia e ke kanaka;
- ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana aila;
- hoʻohana i nā metala kaumaha a me nā pesticides organochlorine.
Mea nui! Haʻalele nā manu i kā lākou mau wahi pūnana kuʻuna ma muli o ka hōʻoki nui ʻana o nā kumulāʻau kahiko me nā lei aliʻi i hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia, a ma muli hoʻi o ka ilihune ʻana o ka lako o ka meaʻai i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka ʻānai ʻana a me ke kī ʻana o ka pāʻani.
Me kā lākou mau makemake gastronomic ākea, pono nā aeto i nā wahi pāʻani / iʻa momona e hānai i kā lākou keiki. I kekahi mau āpana, ʻo ka nui o nā ʻaeto, he ʻoiaʻiʻo nō, e piʻi mālie nei, akā, ma ke ʻano he rula, he mau wahi pale kēia kahi kokoke i ka poʻe ʻole.
