Chameleons (Chamaeleonidae) ua aʻo maikaʻi ʻia nā lālā o ka ʻohana moʻo, i hoʻololi pono ʻia i ke alakaʻi ʻana i kahi nohona arboreal, a hiki nō hoʻi ke hoʻololi i ko lākou kino kala.
Ka wehewehe ʻana o Chameleon
Hoʻomaopopo nui ʻia nā Chameleons ma muli o ko lākou hiki ke hoʻololi i ke kala a me ke ʻano o ke kino, i wehewehe ʻia e kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona i ka hanana o ka ʻili.... ʻO ka fibrous a me ka hohonu o ka ʻili i waho o ka ʻili i ʻike ʻia e ke kū mai o nā keena branched kūikawā me nā pigment o nā kala ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele, melemele a ʻulaʻula.
Hoihoi ia! Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia i nā kala ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ke kala o nā chameleon i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he hopena o ka pale ʻana o nā kukuna mālamalama i ka papa ʻili superficial me nā aniani guanine.
Ma muli o ka hopena o ke kaʻina o nā chromatophores, kahi hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā hua puaʻa a me kahi loli i ke kala o ka ʻili. Ma muli o ka hui pū ʻana o nā pigment i nā papa ʻelua, ʻike ʻia nā ʻano kala like ʻole.
Helehelena
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā kolo kolo i loaʻa ka lōʻihi o ke kino ma loko o 30 cm, akā ʻo nā mea nui loa i 50-60 cm ka nui. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia kekahi o kēia mau lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana moʻo e ka loaʻa ʻana o nā kualono convex ʻoi aku a liʻiliʻi paha, nā puʻu a i ʻole elongated, nā pepeiaohao kuhi. Pinepine hoʻomohala wale ʻia kēlā ʻano hoʻokumu i nā kāne, a i nā wahine hōʻike ʻia lākou e nā ʻano mua.
Lōʻihi nā wāwae o ka mea kolo kolo, ua hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia no ka piʻi ʻana. Ulu pū nā manamana o ka holoholona i loko o kahi hui o nā hui kūʻē ʻelua a ʻekolu, ma muli o ke ʻano o ke ʻano he "pincer" hiki ke hoʻopaʻa i nā lālā lāʻau. Mānoanoa ka huelo ma ke kumu, huli mālie i ka hopena, i kekahi manawa lele i lalo a wili i nā lālā. ʻO kēia mākaukau o ka huelo he mea maʻamau ia no ka hapa nui o nā lālā o ka ʻohana, akā ʻaʻole ʻike nā chameleons pehea e hoʻihoʻi ai i ka huelo i nalowale.
Loaʻa i nā Chameleons nā ʻōuli o ka hihi. ʻO nā maka maka o kahi mea kolo kolo e hōʻiliʻili a uhi paʻa i kona mau maka, akā me ka wehe no ka haumāna. I kēia hihia, hiki i nā maka ʻākau a me ka hema ke hoʻokō i nā neʻe i hoʻohui ʻole ʻia.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO ke kūlana i kapa ʻia ʻo "inoperative" o ke alelo me ka paʻa ʻana iā ia i ka iwi ā lalo me ke kōkua o kahi iwi kūikawā, a ua hopu ʻia me ka waha ka mea kaumaha a nui paha.
I ka wā alualu, hiki i kēlā mau holoholona ke noho me ka neʻe ʻole ma nā lālā lāʻau no ka manawa lōʻihi, e nānā wale ana i nā mea pio me nā maka. Hopu ka holoholona i nā kolo me kona alelo i mākaukau me kahi mea hānai holoholona. ʻAʻohe o kēlā mau mea ola i nā pepeiao o waho a me waena, akā hiki i ka hoʻolohe ʻana ke kiʻi maʻalahi i nā nalu kani i loko o ke kani o 250-650 Hz.
Ka nohona ola, hana
ʻAneʻane pau ke ola o nā chameleons i nā lālā o nā mānoanoa a ma nā lālā o nā kumulāʻau, a ʻoi aku ka makemake o ka scpt reptile e iho iki i ka ʻili o ka honua. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi holoholona ma ka honua, ma ke ʻano he kūlana, i ka wā o ka moʻo ʻana a i ʻole ke kaʻina o ka ʻimi holoholona ʻana i kekahi mea pio momona loa.
Ma ka ʻili o ka lepo, neʻe nā chameleons ma nā paws i loaʻa ke ʻano pincer me he mea lā ʻole. ʻO kēia ʻano o nā lālā, i hoʻohui ʻia e kahi huelo prehensile, i kūpono kūpono no ka noho ʻana i nā lei aliʻi. ʻAno palaualelo a phlegmatic hoʻi nā mea kolo Scaly i nui ʻole i ka nui, alakaʻi i kahi nohona noho a makemake e neʻe me ka hiki ʻole, ʻo ka hapa nui o ka manawa e noho ana ma kahi i koho ʻia.
Hoihoi ia! ʻOiai ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o kahi ʻāpana nui o nā laha e noho nei ma nā lālā, hiki i kekahi ke noho i nā wahi wao nahele, ʻeli i nā lua lepo a i ʻole e ʻimi i kahi pale i nā lau i hāʻule.
Eia nō naʻe, inā pono a me ke ʻano o kahi makaʻi maoli, hiki i ka holoholona ke holo wikiwiki a lele lele i luna nā lālā.... ʻO ka piko o ka manawa o ka hana o ka chameleon e hāʻule i ka manawa mālamalama o ke ao, a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pō e makemake ka holoholona e hiamoe. I ka wā hiamoe, ʻaʻole hiki i ka mea kolo ke kaohi i ka loli o ke kala o kona kino, no laila hiki ke lilo i mea maʻalahi no nā ʻano mea ʻaihue āpau.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o nā chameleons?
ʻO ke ola maʻamau o nā chameleons i nā kūlana kūlohelohe ma kahi o ʻehā mau makahiki, akā i waena o nā lālā o ka ʻohana aia kekahi i kapa ʻia he kenekulia. ʻO kahi laʻana, hiki i nā chameleons nunui ke noho i ke kūlohelohe ma kahi o ʻumikūmālima mau makahiki, a ʻo ke ʻano pōʻaiapuni o ke ola o kekahi mau lunamaka o ka Furcifer genus ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻelima mau mahina.
Dimorphism moekolohe
ʻAʻole paʻakikī ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka moekolohe o kahi chameleon makua, ʻoiai no ka poʻe leʻaleʻa. Inā mālama ʻia ka mea kolo kolo e lawe i ke kala camouflage, a laila e nānā pono ʻia nā kaʻina hana tarsal, nā spurs kokoke i nā wāwae o ka holoholona.
Hoihoi ia! Hiki ke hoʻoholo i ka moekolohe o ka holoholona ma ka lā 14 ma ke kala, a me ka waihona caudal mānoanoa e hoʻomaka ana mai ka makahiki o ʻelua mau mahina.
Loaʻa nā ulu liʻiliʻi o nā kāne ma ka hope o nā wāwae. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻole o nā mea ulu i waho kahi ʻano o nā wahine wale nō. Ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻike ʻia nā kāne e ke aniani kala a me nā nui o ke kino.
ʻAno Chameleon
Hoʻololi ka huina nui o nā ʻano chameleon ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā subspecies hou, a me ka pili pū ʻana me ka taxonomy hou i hoʻokū ʻole ʻia. Aia i loko o ka ʻohana nā moʻokūʻauhau 2-4 a me nā ʻano 80 o nā moʻo me kahi ʻano ʻano ʻē, a ʻo nā mea kaulana loa ʻo:
- Yemeni chameleon (Chamaeleo calyptratus) - kekahi o nā lālā nui loa o ka ʻohana. He kala ʻōmaʻomaʻo kā nā kāne me nā kiko melemele a me nā ʻulaʻula ma nā ʻaoʻao. Hoʻonani ʻia ke poʻo me kahi kualapa chic nui, a uhi ʻia ka hiʻu me nā kaha melemele-ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Pālahalaha ʻia ke kino ma hope, a hoʻonaninani ʻia ke kua me kahi kualapa a ʻike ʻia i ka pio;
- Panther chameleon (ʻO Furcifer pardalis) He mea kolo nani maikaʻi ʻole ia, nona ka waihoʻoluʻu e hoʻohuli ʻia e nā hiʻohiʻona kai a me kekahi mau kumu ʻē aʻe o kona wahi noho. Hoʻololi ka lōʻihi o ke kanaka makua ma waena o 30-40 cm. ʻAʻole hoʻohana maʻalahi ʻia ka meaʻai mea ʻai. ʻEli nā wahine i nā pūnana a hoʻomoe i nā hua manu;
- Kāpena kāpena - kekahi o nā ʻano chameleons i loaʻa ma ka mokupuni ʻo Madagascar a me ka panalāʻau o nā mokupuni kokoke. He ʻano ola ko ka holoholona a me kahi waihoʻoluʻu waihoʻoluʻu nani a nui. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia kahi hiʻohiʻona ʻokoʻa ma ke kino e nā kaha lonikū, a me nā kiko oval oval;
- ʻO chameleon hāhā - ka mea nona nā pepeiaohao ʻekolu a ʻehā paha i loaʻa i ka wahi poʻo. ʻO ka holoholona he kamaʻāina maʻamau ia o nā wahi ulu mauna o Cameroon, kahi e makemake ai e noho i nā wahi i hiki ʻole ke kiʻi ʻia. Hoʻololi ka lōʻihi o ke kanaka makua ma waena o 25-37cm. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā Lunamakaʻāinana o kēia ʻano e kahi ʻōpū lōʻihi a me nā ʻōiwi nui;
- Chameleon jackson (Trioceros jacksonii) He ʻano hoihoi ia, nā kāne e kiaʻi me ka lili i nā palena o ko lākou panalāʻau, e ʻike ʻia e kahi ʻano hakakā loa, a i ka wā o ka hakakā a hakakā paha lākou e hoʻomake ai nā ʻehaʻeha i kekahi i kekahi. ʻEkolu mau pepeiaohao o nā kāne a me kahi huelo prehensile, ʻoiai he hoʻokahi kiwi ihu ko nā wahine. ʻO ka ʻili e like me ka ʻili dinosaur, ʻewa a like me ka lāʻau, akā palupalu a ʻoluʻolu hoʻi i ka paʻi. ʻOkoʻa ka waihoʻoluʻu mai ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo a i ka brown brown a i ka ʻeleʻele a i ʻole;
- ʻO chameleon maʻamau (Chamaeleo chamaeleon) ʻO ia nā laha maʻamau e noho ana i nā wao nahele a me nā ululāʻau e noho ana i nā panalāʻau o ka ʻĀkau o ʻApelika, India, Suria, Sri Lanka a me ʻAlapia. Hiki i ka lōʻihi o ke kino i 28-30 cm, a hiki ke ʻike ʻia ke kala o ka ʻili a i ʻole monotonous;
- Nānā ʻO Calumma tarzan - pili i ka waeʻano o kākaʻikahi. Ua ʻike ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau hikina o Madagascar kokoke i ke kauhale o Tarzanville. Ka lōʻihi o ke kanaka makua, me ka huelo, ʻokoʻa ma waena o 11.9-15.0 cm;
- Nānā Furcifer labordi kū hoʻokahi i kona ʻano, a hiki i nā keiki hānau hou ke hoʻonui i ka nui i ʻelima mau manawa i loko o ʻelua mau mahina, no laila pili lākou i kahi ʻano o nā mea hoʻopaʻa moʻolelo e pili ana i ka ulu ulu;
- Kanaka nunui (Furcifer oustaleti) - kekahi o nā chameleons nui loa ma ka honua. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ke kanaka makua he 50-68 cm. Aia nā kiko melemele, ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me ka ʻulaʻula i ka hope brown o ke kino.
Me nā moʻo ʻē aʻe, kahi ʻāpana nui o ka laha i ʻike ʻia o nā chameleons e waiho ana i nā hua manu i ka wā hānau, akā aia kekahi mau ʻāpana ʻokoʻa e hānau nā keiki ola i nā ʻeke cocoon-shaped.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO ka mea liʻiliʻi he chameleon lau, hiki ke kau ʻia ma luna o kahi poʻo hoʻokūkū, ʻoiai ka nui o kēlā ʻano kanaka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua kenimika.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
ʻO ka mahele o ka chameleon Yemeni ka mokuʻāina ʻo Yemen, nā mauna kiʻekiʻe o ka Arabian Peninsula a me nā wahi wela o ka ʻaoʻao hikina o Saudi Arabia. ʻO nā chameleon Panther he kamaʻāina maʻamau ia o Madagascar a me nā mokupuni kokoke, kahi e makemake ai lākou i nā wahi mehana a me nā wai, nā kūlana aniau.
Noho ʻo chameleon ʻo Jackson i ka panalāʻau o ka hikina o ʻApelika, loaʻa ia i nā wahi nahele o Nairobi ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 1600-2200 mau mika ma luna o kaʻilikai. Noho pinepine ka mea kolo i piʻi ma luna o ka pae honua, e noho ana i nā kalaunu o nā kumulāʻau a i ʻole nā kumu lāʻau. Hiki i nā Chameleons ke noho ma nā ʻano uluhele o nā ululāʻau tropical, savannas, kekahi steppes a me nā wao akua. Loaʻa nā heluna hihiu ma Hawaii, Florida a me Kaleponi.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO ka pinepine, ʻo nā loli i ke kala o kahi chameleon hiki ke lilo i ʻano hōʻike o kahi hoʻoweliweli, i mea e makaʻu ai i nā ʻenemi, a ke ʻike ʻia nei nā loli kala wikiwiki i nā kāne makua kāne i ka wā hānau.
ʻO Endemic i ka mokupuni ʻo Madagascar kahi chameleon nunui e noho ana i nā ululāʻau momona a paapu hoʻi, kahi e ʻai ai nā mea kolo kolo e ʻai i nā mea momona liʻiliʻi, nā manu waena, nā moʻo a me nā mea kolo. Ua ʻike ʻia ka mea liʻiliʻi ʻo Brookesia micra ma ka mokupuni ʻo Nosu Hara ma 2007. Noho wale nā chameleons Desert ma Angola a me Namibia.
Kaʻai Chameleon
ʻO nā chameleon āpau e kū nei i kēia mau lā, ʻo ia ka nui o ka nui o Mellery a me Brookesia liʻiliʻi, kahi e noho nei ma lalo o ka pale o nā lau i hāʻule, he poʻe ʻaihue maʻamau, akā hiki i kekahi mau ʻano ke ʻimi i ka meaʻai o nā mea kanu. ʻO ka hapanui o nā mea kanu nā mea kanu i hōʻike ʻia e nā lau kanu ʻino, nā hua, nā hua, a me ka ʻili o kekahi mau lāʻau.
ʻO ka lako nui o nā meaʻai no nā chameleons āpau e manaʻo ʻia he lele like a lele i nā mea kolo, a me ko lākou pae larval.... ʻO ka mea hiki, hiki i nā chameleons ke ʻai i kekahi mau mea ʻino ʻino ʻino ʻole i ke ʻano o nā nananana, nā nalo, nā butterflies, nā lele a me nā dragonflies. Mai ka hānau ʻana o nā mea kolo kope, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā mea kolo i ʻai ʻia mai nā mea ʻino, no laila, ʻaʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā hihia o ka ʻai ʻana i nā nalo a me nā pi. ʻOiai nā chameleons pōloli e nānā ʻole i nā mea ʻai hiki ʻole ke ola ʻole.
ʻO ka nui o nā ʻano chameleon nui loa i kekahi manawa e ʻai i nā moʻo liʻiliʻi, me nā ʻohana liʻiliʻi, nā koʻokoʻo, a me nā manu liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka mea o kā lākou nānā e hōʻike ʻia e kekahi "mea ola" i hiki ke hopu ʻia me kahi alelo lōʻihi a laila ale ʻia. Pono e hoʻopili ʻia ka papaʻai o ka chameleon Yemeni me nā meaʻai mea kanu. Ma kahi nohona home, hiki ke hānai ʻia nā mea kolo:
- hua waina;
- cherry;
- ʻōiwi;
- ʻalani;
- kiwi;
- persimmon;
- maiʻa;
- ohia;
- lettuce a me lettuce poʻo;
- lau dandelion;
- ʻaʻole lau nahelehele paʻakikī.
Hoʻopau pū ʻia ka mea kanu mea kanu e Panther Chameleon, Parsoni a me Liʻiliʻi, ma muli o ka pono e hoʻopiha hou i ka wai a loaʻa i ka nui o nā wikamina e pono ai.
Hoihoi ia! Hāʻawi pinepine ʻo Chameleons i ka manaʻo o nā holoholona lahilahi a pīhoihoi mau, akā ʻaʻole like ka nui o nā moʻo me ke ʻano, no laila, ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea kolo ʻē aʻe, hiki ke omo ʻia nā meaʻai liʻiliʻi.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
ʻO ka hapanui o nā chameleon e noho nei ma kā mākou honua he oviparous a hōʻike ʻia e nā ʻano kaulana e like me Yemen, Panther, Small a me Parsoni. Ma ke ʻano he rula, ma hope o ka male ʻana, kiko ka hua wahine i hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha mahina. I kekahi mau lā ma mua o ka hoʻomoe ʻana, hoʻomaka nā wahine e hōʻole i ka lawe ʻana i ka meaʻai, akā hoʻopau i kahi wai liʻiliʻi. I loko o kēia wā, lilo ka mea kolo kipi i mea hakakā a hoʻomaha ʻole loa, hiki iā ia ke lawe i ke kala ʻulaʻula koʻikoʻi a hiki ke hana me ka hopohopo a hiki i kahi ala maʻalahi o kahi kāne makua kāne.
I ka hopena o ka hāpai ʻana, he mau hua ko ka nui o nā wahine i hiki ke ʻike maʻalahi ʻia i loko o ka ʻōpū. I kekahi mau laha, ʻike maka ʻia ka hāpai ʻana. Ma kahi kokoke i ka manawa kau, iho pinepine ka holoholona i ka honua i mea e loaʻa ai kahi kūpono loa no ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i kahi lua. Hoʻomoe pinepine nā wahine i nā hua hua ʻili he kanaono kanaono, e pili ana i ka laha. ʻO ka nui o nā ʻūlū i hiki pinepine i ʻekolu i loko o hoʻokahi makahiki, akā ʻo ka hāpai pinepine ʻana e hoʻoliʻiliʻi loa i ke olakino o ka wahine, no laila, ola kēlā mau holoholona i ka hapalua o nā kāne.
ʻO nā wahine o nā ʻano like ʻole, ʻoiai i ka nele o kahi kāne makua moekolohe, hoʻomoe i nā hua i kapa ʻia "momona" i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia nā ʻōpala mai ia mau hua, a ʻo ka nele o ka hoʻoulu ʻana e hoʻonui ai lākou i loko o hoʻokahi pule a ʻoi paha ma mua.
Ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, kaukaʻi ʻia i nā ʻano laha o ka chameleon, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻokoʻa ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā embryos i loko o ka hua manu, e lawe ana mai ʻelima mau mahina a i kekahi mau makahiki ʻelua. Hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia nā keiki i hānau ʻia, a ma hope o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana mai ka pūpū hua manu, holo koke lākou i nā mea ulu mānoanoa kokoke loa, kahi e kōkua ai e hūnā mai nā mea ʻaihue.
ʻO ka hapanui pinepine, hoʻomaka nā pēpē chameleon e ʻai i ko lākou lā hānau a i kekahi lā aʻe paha. Ma waho aʻe o nā mea kolo o ka oviparous, aia he kakaikahi loa nā ʻano viviparous chameleons. ʻO ka mea nui i kā lākou mahele nā ʻano mauna o nā mea kolo kope, e like me nā chameleons o Jeson a me Verneri. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke koho piha ʻia ia mau chameleons i viviparous. ʻO nā Embryos, e like me ka hana hou ʻana o nā ʻano oviparous, ulu i loko o ka hua manu, akā ʻaʻole kanu ka chameleon wahine i ka paʻa ma lalo o ka lepo, akā a hiki i ka manawa o ka hānau ʻana ua komo lākou i loko o ka ʻōpū.
I ke kaʻina o ka hānau ʻana, hāʻule pinepine nā wahine i nā pēpē i hānau ʻia mai kahi kiʻekiʻe liʻiliʻi a hiki i ka ʻili o ka honua. ʻO kahi hahau ikaika ʻole, ma ke ʻano he kūlana, lawelawe ia ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona kūikawā no nā pēpē e ʻike i ka puʻuhonua hilinaʻi a me ka meaʻai. ʻO ka hapanui o nā manawa, ʻo nā "viviparous" scaly reptiles e hānau he ʻumi a iwakālua cubs, a ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻelua mau keiki i hānau ʻia i ka makahiki.
Hoihoi ia! He makua ʻino loa nā Chameleons, no laila, ma hope koke o ka hānau ʻana, waiho ʻia nā mea kolo liʻiliʻi i kā lākou pono ponoʻī a hiki i ka wā e hānau ai a lilo i mea pio na ka mea ʻaihue.
Hiki i ka waihoʻoluʻu ʻeleʻele o ka chameleon ke hoʻoweliweli i kekahi mau ʻenemi, akā ʻo ke ʻano kanikau e loaʻa i nā kāne, hōʻole ʻia e nā wahine, a me nā mea i hoʻokau ʻia a koi ʻia paha e haʻalele i ka hilahila.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūpono o nā chameleons i nā kūlana kūlohelohe nā nahesa nui, nā holoholona me nā manu. Ke kū mai nā ʻenemi, hoʻāʻo ka moʻo e hoʻoweliweli i kona hoa paio, hoʻāhu, hoʻololi i ke kala a hisses me ka leo nui.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
He kūpono kūpono ʻo Chameleons i mau haku o ka camouflage, akā ʻaʻole hiki i kēia hiki ke hoʻopakele iā lākou mai ka nalowale loa ʻana. I ka hema o Sepania, hoʻohana ʻia nā mea kolo scaly ma ke ʻano he kamaʻāina maʻamau a makaʻu ʻole i ka home, pono nui i ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā. ʻAi ikaika nā holoholona ʻano like ʻole i nā nalo, nā mea hoʻonāukiuki loa i nā ʻāina wela he nui.
E hoihoi pū kekahi:
- Skinks
- Axolotl
- ʻO Trionix Kina
- ʻO Salamanders
ʻO ke kumu nui o ka luku ʻia ʻo ia ka hoʻonui ʻia o nā ʻano ʻāina mahiʻai a pau, a me ka neoneo nui loa... I kēia lā, ua loaʻa he ʻumi mau ʻano o nā mea kolo i ke kūlana "Endangered", ma kahi o kanahā mau ʻano kokoke i ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia kūlana, a he iwakālua paha e nalo i ka wā kokoke loa
