ʻO ka muliwai perch, i ʻike ʻia he perch maʻamau (Perca fluviatilis), he iʻa i pili i ka genus o ka wai hou a me ka ʻohana perch (Percidae). Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā Lunamakaʻāinana o ke kauoha Perciformes e ko lākou ʻano hiʻohiʻona a laha loa i nā kino wai hou o ko mākou honua.
Hōʻike o ka bass bass
ʻO nā ʻokoʻa nui o ka perch muliwai.
- ka wahi o ka iwi kuamoʻo i mua o ka vertebra mua me ke kaʻina neural;
- kahi nui o nā kukuna i waiho ʻia i nā pūhaka;
- kahi nui o nā stamens gill;
- kino liʻiliʻi elongated;
- ke kūʻana o nā kaha kuʻi pouli;
- finment dorsal mua kiʻekiʻe;
- kahi kiko ʻeleʻele i ka hopena o ka dorsal fin mua;
- ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka iwi ā lalo;
- he nui nā unahi i ka laina lalani;
- he helu nui o ka vertebrae.
Hiki ke loaʻa pinepine ʻo Perch i nā hana a nā mea kaulana kaulana, a hōʻike nā mea pena kiʻi i kēia iʻa i nā kiʻi pena kaulana.
Hoihoi ia! I nā ʻāina he nui, hoʻohana ʻia nā peʻa leka me ke kiʻi o perches a makemake nui ʻia, a ma kekahi mau kūlanakauhale ʻo Pinilana a me Kelemania loaʻa kēia iʻa ma ka hōʻailona.
Helehelena
Ma ke ʻano he rula, ʻo ka awelika o ka lōʻihi o ke kahawai makua ma nā kūlana kūlohelohe ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i 45-50 cm, me ke kaumaha o ke kino o 2.0-2.1 kg... Hiki i kekahi mau kānaka ke hiki i nā nui iʻoi aku ka mahalo. ʻO ka nui o nā ʻelele makua o ka genus Fresh water perches i kēlā me kēia kino kūlohelohe wai hiki ke loli nui.
Loaʻa i ka Perch kahi kino i hoʻopili ʻia ma hope, i uhi ʻia me nā unahi ctenoid liʻiliʻi. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ke kino o ka perch e kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo-melemele me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻāpana transverse ʻeleʻele ma nā ʻaoʻao, a ʻo ka helu o lākou e ʻokoʻa i loko o ʻeiwa mau ʻāpana. Ke keʻokeʻo kahi o ka perch. He mau peʻa dorsal ko nā perches e pili kokoke loa kekahi i kekahi. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ka fin dorsal ma mua o ka lua, e hoʻomaka koke ana ma luna o ke kumu o ka fin pectoral a i ʻole ma mua o ia.
Aia kekahi kiko ʻeleʻele ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka fin fin dorsal mua, kahi hiʻohiʻona ʻokoʻa o ka perch species. ʻOi nā pōkole pectoral o ka iʻa ma mua o ka pelvic fins. ʻO ka fin dorsal mua he hina i ke kala, ʻo ka lua o ka poli dorsal he ʻōmaʻomaʻo-melemele. He melemele nā pectoral a me nā anal anal, i kekahi manawa ʻulaʻula. Mālamalama nā kala pelvic me nā ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula. ʻEʻeleʻele mau ka caudal fin ma ke kumu a me kahi aniani ʻulaʻula ma ka piko a i ʻole nā ʻaoʻao.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka perch mākua e kahi ihu puhi, a me ke kū ʻana o kahi puʻupuʻu i ʻike ʻia akā liʻiliʻi ma hope o ke poʻo. Pau ka iwi ā luna ma ka laina kaulike o ka waena o nā maka.
He melemele ka kala o ka iris. Ua uhi ʻia ka iwi operculum ma ka ʻaoʻao luna me nā unahi, a i kekahi manawa aia nō kekahi iwi kuamoe me ka preoperculum serrated. ʻO nā niho o ka perch he bristle, hoʻonohonoho ʻia i nā lālani ma nā iwi palatine a me nā aʻa. ʻAʻohe loa nā canine a hiki i nā perches makua.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO nā hōʻailona nui o ka dimorphism o ka muliwai perch kahi helu nui o nā unahi ma ka laina ʻaoʻao o ke kino o ke kāne, he nui nā kukuna manamana ma ka lua o ka lua, a ʻo kahi kino liʻiliʻi a me nā maka nui.
ʻAʻohe o nā lālā o nā lālā o nā lālā o nā laha kahi fusion me kekahi. Ua uhi paʻa ʻia nā papalina me nā unahi, a ʻaʻohe unahi ma ka ʻāina o ka pahu caudal. I ka palai, palupalu nā unahi, akā i ko lākou oʻo ʻana, lilo lākou i ikaika a paʻakikī loa. I ka hoʻomaka o ka ʻaoʻao kōpū o ka perch, aia nā kaʻina makapō i ke ʻano o nā pyloric appendages. Hōʻike ʻia ke akepaʻa o ka iʻa i nā ʻāpana ʻelua, a nui ka ʻūpā nui.
Ka nohona ola, hana
I ke kauwela kau, makemake nā perches liʻiliʻi i nā kahawai a i ʻole nā kai kūʻono i ulu me nā mea kanu wai. I loko o kēia manawa, hana nā perches makua i mau kula liʻiliʻi a iʻa he ʻumi. Hoʻokumu nā ʻōpio perches i nā hipa, a ʻo ka helu o lākou e piʻi pinepine i nā haneli mau kānaka. E hoʻāʻo ʻo Perch e noho ma kahi kokoke i nā dam i wili ʻia, kokoke i nā snag nui a i ʻole nā pōhaku nui. Ma muli o ke kū ʻana o ke kala ʻōmaʻomaʻo pale, hiki i nā perches predatory ke ʻimi kūleʻa e ʻimi i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi mai kahi hoʻohālua, aia ma waena o nā mea kanu wai.
Noho nā ʻelele nui o nā laha i nā wahi hohonu o nā kino wai, e pili ana i nā whirlpools a me nā lua huna... No kēia mau wahi ke hele i ka hopu holoholona i ke ahiahi a me ke kakahiaka. ʻO ka wikiwiki awelika hiki i kēia iʻa ke hoʻomohala he 0.66 m / s. Makemake nā iʻa ʻōpio i ka huli holoholona kula, ʻo nā mea nui wale ka i hopu i kā lākou mea pio. Hoʻohana ka muliwai perch i kahi ʻano hakakā o ka hopu holoholona, kahi e ʻimi nei i kāna mea pio me ka lele pinepine ʻana i ka wai. I kekahi manawa lawe ʻia aku kahi iʻa predatory e ka alualu, lele lele a i ʻole ke kahakai i ka wela o ka pīhoihoi hopu. I ke kaʻina o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana i ka mea pio, ʻo ka fin dorsal o ka perch characteristically bulges.
No nā mahele o nā crepuscular-predators nā muliwai perches e huli wale i nā hola o ke ao, akā me ka hana kiʻekiʻe ma ka palena o ke ao a me nā hola o ke ao. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pō, hoʻēmi nui ka hana a ka predator. ʻO nā kumu nui e hoʻopili ana i ka hana a me nā hana ulu o ka perch e hōʻike ʻia e ke ʻano mahana o ka wai, a me ka lōʻihi o nā hola ao, ka nui o ka oxygen a me ke ʻano o ka papaʻai.
I nā kino wai hohonu i ke kauwela, ʻo nā perches nui loa e hoʻāʻo e noho i kahi hohonu papaʻu, e makemake ana i nā wahi kahi e emi ai ka maʻalahi o ka oxygen. Hōʻoia ʻepekema ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka thermocline i kahi hopena koʻikoʻi ma ke kūlana kū iʻa o nā iʻa predatory mai Iulai a i ka hoʻomaka o ke kauwela. I ke kauwela, hiki i nā lunamaka o nā laha ke hana i nā neʻe pōkole i mea e loaʻa ai ke kaumaha o ke kino. Me ka hoʻomaka o ka hoʻoilo, hoʻi ka perches i nā kahawai me nā kūlana maikaʻi loa no ka leʻaleʻa.
I ke kauwela, ʻākoakoa nā ʻelele āpau o ka genus o ka wai maʻa a me ka ʻohana perch i nā hipa nui, neʻe i nā wahi ākea a hohonu. I nā waihona kūlohelohe i ka hoʻoilo, noʻonoʻo ka iʻa predatory i nā wahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e nā kapa o nā kahawai i paʻa.
I ke kau anuanu, noho ka perches kokoke i ka lalo, ma kahi hohonu o 60-70 mau mika. I ka hoʻoilo, noho mau ka perch i nā hola o ke ao.
Pehea ka lōʻihi e ola ai kahi muliwai
ʻO ke ola maʻamau o ka muliwai perch, ma ke ʻano he rula, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i ka ʻumikūmālima mau makahiki, akā noho mau kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona a hiki i ka makahiki o ka hapahā o ke kenekulia. Ua kaulana nā loko Karelian no kēlā iʻa ola lōʻihi. I ka manawa like, hiki i nā kāne ke noho iki ma mua o nā wahine.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Ua pālahalaha nui ʻia ka wai kahawai kokoke i nā wahi āpau a noho i nā kahawai a me nā loko i loko o kā mākou ʻāina, ʻaʻole wale i ka muliwai Amur, a me nā mea kōkua. Ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, hiki ke loaʻa i kēia mea ʻiʻo wai i ke kai waena a i nā loko iʻa nui. ʻAʻole i loaʻa nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka genus o ka perch wai hou a me ka ʻohana perch i nā kahawai a me nā kahawai wai anuanu hoʻi, a me nā kahawai kuahiwi kahe wikiwiki.... Noho pū ʻo Perch i nā wahi kai kahakai i kahakai, e like me ke kahawai ʻo Pinilana a me Riga o ke kai ʻo Baletika. Aia ma nā wahi e kū i ke kauwela a me ka hoʻoilo e hopu pinepine ʻia e nā poʻe lawaiʻa haʻuki.
Hoihoi ia! I kēia manawa, aia kekahi mau lāhui o ka perch i loaʻa pū: kahi liʻiliʻi a ulu mālie i ka "mauʻu" perch, a me kahi ulu ulu ulu nui a nui "hohonu".
Hoʻolahalaha nui ʻia ka perch freshwater perch i nā kino wai hou ma ʻAkau ʻĀkau a me ʻEulopa, i hoʻolauna ʻia i nā ʻāina ʻApelika, Nūhōlani a me ʻAukekulia. Ma mua, ua hoʻokomo pū ʻia nā kino wai he nui i ʻAmelika ʻĀkau i ka ʻano maʻamau o kēia iʻa iʻa, akā i kekahi mau manawa i hala aku nei ua ʻike ʻia ka ʻaoʻao ʻĀkau o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa e nā ʻepekema he ʻano ʻokoʻa i kapa ʻia ʻo Yellow Perch.
ʻAiʻai kahawai kahawai
No ka mea aia nā perches kahawai i kahi mokuʻāina passive i ka pō, hānai hānai kēlā ʻano wai i kēlā me kēia lā. ʻO ka pinepine i ka lawaiʻa ʻana i ke kakahiaka nui, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka pīpī ʻana o ka wai a me nā iʻa liʻiliʻi e kū ana i luna. ʻO kēia ke ala o ka muliwai perch, i manaʻo ʻia ʻaʻole kūpilikiʻi loa e pili ana i ka meaʻai a me ka insatiable loa, alakaʻi i kāna ʻimi. Hoʻohui like nā ʻepekema e pili ana i ka papaʻai maʻamau no ka perch. ʻO kēlā me kēia predator aquatic hānai nui ʻia i:
- ka iʻa liʻiliʻi a me ka ulu ʻōpio;
- ka caviar o nā kamaʻāina ʻē aʻe o nā kino wai hou;
- pūpū;
- rana;
- zooplankton;
- nā larvae o nā ʻano meaola like ʻole;
- anuhea wai.
Ma ke ʻano he kaulike, pili pono ka papaʻai a nā lunamaka o nā laha i kona mau makahiki a me ka manawa o ka makahiki. I ka pae mua loa o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, makemake nā ʻōpio e noho i lalo, kahi e hānai ai lākou i ka plankton liʻiliʻi.
Eia nō naʻe, i ka hiki ʻana i kahi lōʻihi o 2-6 cm, nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, nā lākou ponoʻī a me nā lāhui ʻē aʻe, e hoʻomaka e hoʻopau ʻia e nā kahawai. ʻAʻole hiki iā Perch ke mālama nui i kā lākou keiki, a no kēia kumu, hiki iā lākou ke hānai i ko lākou mau kaikaina liʻiliʻi me ka pilikia ʻole.
ʻO nā lunamaka nui o nā laha e noho kokoke kokoke i kahakai, kahi e hānai ai lākou i ka crayfish, verkhovka, roach a me ka caviar o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe o nā kino wai. ʻO nā perches kahawai makua ka mea hiki ke hoʻouka i ka mea e hiki mai ana ma mua o ka ale ʻia ʻana o ka mea pio mua. Hiki i nā perches nui ke hoʻonani iā lākou iho i kahi nui i hiki ai iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā huelo o nā iʻa ale e lele ana mai kā lākou waha.
Ua lawa kēia! ʻO ka pinepine, loaʻa nā limu a me nā pōhaku liʻiliʻi i loko o nā ʻōpū o nā ʻelele o ka genus o ka wai hou a me ka ʻohana o ka perch, kahi e pono ai no ka digestion maikaʻi e nā iʻa.
ʻO ke kumu o ka papaʻai o kahi predator aquatic e hōʻike mau ʻia e stickleback, minnow, crayfish, a me nā gobies, kāpena kolepa ʻōpio a me ka momona.... E pili ana i kā lākou momona, hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā kamaʻāina muliwai me kahi pike predatory makua. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka perch i ka pīkī i nā ʻano he nui, no ka mea, hānai pinepine lākou a me nā nui he nui aku.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Lilo ke kahawai i ka moekolohe wale nō ke hiki i ʻelua a ʻekolu paha mau makahiki o ka makahiki, a neʻe nā mea ʻimi wai i nā kahua hānau, e ʻākoakoa ana i nā pūʻā nui. Hana ʻia ka ʻōnaehana i loko o ka wai papakū o ka wai a i ʻole i nā kino wai hou me kahi au nāwaliwali. Pono ke ʻano mahana o ka wai ma ka pae o 7-15e pili anaMAI.
Hoʻopili nā hua i hoʻouluulu ʻia e nā kāne i nā snags ma lalo o ka wai, ka ʻili o nā lālā i kahe ʻia, a i ʻole ke aʻa o nā lau nahele kai. Ma ke ʻano he kaulike, ua like ka paʻa ʻana o nā hua me kekahi ʻano lipine lace a i ka mika ka lōʻihi, nona ka 700-800 tausani ʻaʻole nui nā hua.
Hoihoi ia! He iʻa ʻo Perch me nā ʻano ʻono kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ia ke kumu e loaʻa ai ka laha no ka hoʻoulu manuahi hana o kēia aquatic predator me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pono hana kūikawā.
Hoʻomoʻa ka iʻa iʻa ma kahi o ʻekolu a ʻehā mau pule. I loko o nā mahina mua o ke ola, hoʻohana ʻia ka plankton kahakai i meaʻai, a ua hōʻea i ka nui o 10 cm a lilo lākou i mau predators. No nā waeʻano kaiāulu o viviparous kēlā me kēia ʻāpana kai, a ʻo ka wahine o ia ʻano kau i ka wā hānau hiki ke kahili ma kahi o ʻelua miliona mau ʻai, e piʻi aʻe i luna a hānai i ke ala like me nā ʻōpio o ka wai wai ʻono.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka muliwai perch he poʻe noho wai nui ia, i pani ʻia e ka pike, nā iʻa iʻa, pike perch, salmon, burbot a me nā puhi..
ʻImi pinepine ʻia ʻo Perch e nā loona, osprey, nā gull a me nā terns. ʻO Perch kekahi o nā mea i makemake nui ʻia o ka lawaiʻa amatir home a me nā haole, no laila, he kāne ka ʻenemi nui o kēlā me kēia meʻa wai.
No nā perches, ʻano nui ka cannibalism, ka mea maʻamau i ka wā o ke kau, akā i loko o kekahi mau waihona kūlohelohe, e noho wale ʻia e kahi predator muliwai, ʻo ke kaʻina o ka cannibalism ka maʻa mau o ke ola.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
I ka hapanui o nā ʻāina, ʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻia ka perch maʻamau a i ʻole ka muliwai he ʻano lūlū ʻia, a i kēia lā aia kekahi mau kapu e hoʻokau ʻia ma luna o ka iʻa iʻa iʻa iʻa hou. Hiki ke hoʻololi ʻokoʻa i nā palena hopu, i loko o kahi ʻāina hoʻokahi. ʻO kahi laʻana, ma Wale a me ʻEnelani, aia kekahi mau pāpā wā kau ma ka lawaiʻa ʻana no ka perch, a ma kekahi mau ʻāina, e hoʻokuʻu hou ʻia nā perches ʻaʻole i hiki i ka palena kānāwai e hoʻi hou i loko o ka waihona wai. I ka manawa like, hiki ke ʻokoʻa ke ākea o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka perch kahawai i nā kino wai like ʻole.
Waiwai kālepa
He mea kaulana a koʻikoʻi ʻo Perch i ka lawaiʻa hoʻonanea, akā i loko o kekahi mau waihona kūlohelohe waiwai nui ia i ka ʻaoʻao kalepa a paʻa ʻia e ka huki. ʻOno loa ka ʻiʻo o kēia predator aquatic, hoʻohana ʻia ia i ka uahi, paʻahau, paʻakai a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. ʻO Hornbeam, beech, alder, maple, ʻoka, lehu a me kekahi mau lāʻau hua e hoʻohana ʻia no ka puhipaka. Hoʻohana pū ʻia me ka perch maʻamau no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā iʻa kēʻa i makemake nui ʻia a me nā hoʻopiha momona.
