ʻO Saiga, a i ʻole saiga (Saiga tatarica) kahi lunamakaʻāinana o nā mammals artiodactyl e pili ana i ka subfamily o nā antelope maoli. I kekahi manawa hāʻawi ke anatomy kūikawā i ka hāʻawi ʻia o ka saiga, me ka antelope Tibet, i kahi ʻohana ʻĀpana Saiginae. Kapa ʻia ke kāne ʻo margach a i ʻole saiga, a kapa ʻia ka wahine ʻo ka saiga.
Ka wehewehe a Saiga
Ua kū aʻe ka inoa Lūkia o nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka genus ma lalo o ka mana o nā ʻōlelo a ka hui Turkic... Aia i waena o kēia mau lāhui i kapa ʻia kēlā holoholona he "chagat". ʻO ka wehewehe Lākina, ka mea i lilo ma waena o ka honua, ʻike ʻia, mahalo wale i nā hana kaulana a ka diplomia Austrian a me ka mea kākau moʻolelo ʻo Sigismund von Herberstein. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka inoa dokumentary "saiga" i loko o ka "Notes on Muscovy" e kēia mea kākau, i kākau ʻia ma ka makahiki 1549.
Helehelena
ʻO ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, he lōʻihi ke kino o ka holoholona i hoʻopili ʻia i loko o 110-146 cm, a me kahi huelo - ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 8-12 knm. I ka manawa like, ʻokoʻa ke kiʻekiʻe o nā withers o kahi holoholona makua ma waena o 60-79 cm, me ke kino o 23-40 kg. He kino elongated ka saiga a he wīwī a ʻūlū liʻiliʻi nā wāwae. ʻO ka ihu, i hōʻike ʻia e kahi palupalu a pehu, ʻoi aku ka proboscis kelepona me ka poepoe a me ka huki pū ʻia o nā piko ihu, hana i kahi ʻano o ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "humped muzzle". Hoʻohanohano ʻia nā pepeiao e kahi poepoe luna.
ʻOi aku ka nui o nā kuʻi waena o ka saiga ma mua o nā ʻaoʻao, a hoʻonani nā pepeiaohao i ke poʻo o nā kāne wale nō. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o nā pepeiaohiwi ke lōʻihi ke poʻo, akā ma ka awelika hiki i ka hapahā o ka mika a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi. He translucent lākou, ʻano o ke ʻano o ka waihoʻoluʻu ʻōmaʻomaʻo keʻokeʻo, like ʻole ke ʻano o ka lira, a me kā lākou hapakolu ʻelua i ka ʻaoʻao i lalo i nā kualono annular. Aia nā pepeiaohao ʻo Saiga ma kahi kokoke i ke poʻo.
ʻO ka hulu kauwela o nā ʻelele o nā mammals artiodactyl e pili ana i ka subfamily o nā antelope maoli e ʻike ʻia e kahi kala melemele-ʻulaʻula. Aia ka hulu ʻeleʻele ma ka laina dorsal waena a hoʻomālamalama mālie i ka wahi o ka ʻōpū. ʻAʻohe aniani hiʻu o ka saiga. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ka hulu hoʻoilo o ka holoholona a ʻike ʻia ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa, o kahi kala ʻāhinahina-hina hina. Hana ʻia ka molting i ʻelua mau manawa i ka makahiki: i ka puna a i ke kau. Aia nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o ka inguinal, infraorbital, interdigital a me ka carpal kikoʻī kikoʻī. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā wahine i ke alo o ʻelua mau nipples.
Ka nohona ola, hana
Makemake nā antelope ʻāhiu a i ʻole nā saigas e noho i nā kau nui. Hiki i kekahi o kēia poʻe hānai ke helu mai hoʻokahi a ʻelima mau kakini poʻo. I kekahi manawa hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā pipi ma kahi o nā haneli a ʻoi paha mau poʻe e hui pū i ka manawa hoʻokahi. ʻAno hele holoholo kēlā ʻano holoholona mai kahi a kahi. ʻO kahi laʻana, me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻoilo, ʻo nā ʻelele o nā māmela puʻupuʻu like me ka ʻohana o nā antelope maoli e hoʻāʻo e neʻe i nā wahi wao nahele, kahi i maʻa mau ʻia e kahi hau liʻiliʻi, akā i ke kauwela e hoʻi mau kēia mau holoholona i nā ʻāpana steppe.
He holoholona paʻakikī ʻo Saigas hiki ke maʻalahi a maʻalahi hoʻi i ka hoʻololi i nā ʻano like ʻole o ke anilā a me nā ʻano pae. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomanawanui i ka wela wale nō, akā i ke anuanu anuanu hoʻi.
Hoihoi ia! Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻoilo, hoʻomaka nā saigas i ko lākou wā kau, a i kēia manawa pinepine nā hakakā kuʻuna ma waena o nā alakaʻi o ka pūʻolo, a ʻo ka hapa nui o ia mau mea ʻaʻole wale i nā ʻehaʻeha, akā i ka make pū kekahi.
Ma muli o ko lākou kūpaʻa kūlohelohe, hānai pinepine nā saigas i nā lau nahele kaka ʻole, a hiki pū kekahi me ka wai ʻole no ka manawa lōʻihi. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻololi pinepine i nā wahi mai kahi a i kahi ʻē aʻe no nā antelope hihiu he nui i ka make. Ma ke ʻano he rula, ʻimi nā alakaʻi o ka ʻohana hipa e uhi i ka nui o nā mile i hoʻokahi lā, no laila, ʻo nā mea nāwaliwali a lawa ʻole paha o ka saiga, ʻaʻole hiki ke mālama i kahi wikiwiki, hāʻule make.
Ehia mau saiga e ola ana
ʻO ke ola maʻamau o ka saiga i nā kūlana kūlohelohe e pili pono i ka wahine... ʻO nā kāne o nā ʻelele o nā mammals artiodactyl e pili ana i ka subfamily o nā antelope maoli, noho pinepine i nā kūlana kūlohelohe mai ʻehā a ʻelima mau makahiki, a ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke ola o nā wahine, ma ke ʻano he palena, ua kaupalena ʻia i nā makahiki he ʻumi.
Dimorphism moekolohe
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale maʻalahi ʻia nā kāne saiga makua mai nā wahine e ke alo o kahi mau pepeiaohao liʻiliʻi a paʻa mau me kahi ʻano ribbed ʻano. No ke koena o nā palena, nānā like nā kāne ʻelua i ka like.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
ʻO nā Saigas ma ko lākou wahi he poʻe noho o nā wahi pālahalaha. ʻO nā holoholona i ʻaʻā ʻia i nā ʻāpana a pau e pale pono i nā piko kuahiwi wale nō, akā me nā ʻāina ʻoʻoleʻa, a ʻaʻole pū kekahi, ma ke ʻano he rula, i waena o nā puʻu liʻiliʻi. ʻAʻole noho ʻo Saigas i nā puʻu one i uhi ʻia i nā mea kanu. I ka hoʻoilo wale nō, i ka wā o nā ʻino nui, neʻe ʻo ka mammal koloi i kokoke i nā one puʻu a i ʻole steppes puʻu, kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke loaʻa ka pale mai ka pā ʻana o ka makani.
Me ke kanalua ʻole, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka saiga ma ke ʻano he ʻano laha ma nā wahi pālahalaha, kahi e hoʻomohala ʻia ai ke ʻano nui o ka holo ʻana i loko o kahi holoholona ungulate, i hōʻike ʻia e amble. Hiki iā Saiga ke hoʻomohala i nā wikiwiki wikiwiki loa i 70-80 km / h. Eia nō naʻe, paʻakikī ka holoholona i ka lele ʻana, no laila ke mālama nei ka holoholona i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i poʻo ʻia e pale aku i nā ālai a me ke ʻano o nā ʻauwai liʻiliʻi. Hōʻalo wale nō i ka makaʻu, hiki i ka saiga ke hana i nā "nānā" e lele i luna, e hoʻokau i kona kino a kokoke i luna. Makemake ʻo Artiodactyls i nā wahi pālahalaha o nā wao akua me nā lepo mānoanoa, a me nā kauhale o nā takyrs nui.
ʻAʻole hōʻike nā kiʻekiʻe o ke kiʻekiʻe ma luna o ka pae i kahi kūlana i loko o lākou iho, no laila, ʻo ka saiga ma ka ʻāina ʻo Caspian pāpū e noho kokoke ana i ka wai, a ma Kazakhstan ka moʻo e hōʻike ʻia ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 200-600 m. Ma Mongolia, ua hele a lehulehu ka holoholona i nā depressions o ke kai ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 900-1600 mau mika... Aia ka pae o kēia manawa o ka māmela puʻupuʻu ʻia i nā steppes maloʻo a me nā wao akua. ʻO ia mau ʻāpana, ma muli o ka paʻakikī o nā hui mea kanu, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi loa no kēia ʻano. Ma loko o nā wahi i kaupalena ʻia, hiki i ka saiga ke loaʻa ka meaʻai me ka nānā ʻole i ke kau. ʻO nā neʻe ʻana o ke kau e hele ma mua o kēlā ʻāpana. ʻO ka hapa nui paha, i nā kenekulia i hala, ua komo nā saigas i ka panalāʻau o nā steppes mesophilic ʻaʻole i kēlā me kēia makahiki, akā i nā manawa maloʻo wale nō.
ʻO nā wao nahele maloʻo maloʻo a me nā ʻanepele, kahi e noho ai nā holoholona puʻupuʻu, e moe ana mai lalo o Volga a me Ergeni, ma waena o nā ʻāina o Kazakhstan āpau a hiki i nā palena o nā kaumaha Zaisan a me Alakul, a ʻoi aku ma ke komohana o Mongolia, ʻokoʻa loa i kā lākou ʻano. Eia nō naʻe, koe ka like o nā ʻano koina like ʻole ma nā wahi āpau. Ma ke ʻano he rula, hāʻawi ʻia ka makemake i nā mauʻu sodoma maloʻo maloʻo i ke ʻano o ka fescue, ka mauʻu hulu, ka palaoa, a me nā kumulāʻau dwarf i ke ʻano o ka wormwood, twig a me ka chamomile. Hoʻohui ʻia nā ʻano ʻenuhe, nāhelehele hulu, mauʻu palaoa (ʻāhi palaoa) i ke ala mai ke komohana a i ka hikina.
Hoihoi ia! Ke hoʻāʻo nei ka mammal kahu poʻo e pale i ka ʻāina o nā māla a me nā ʻāina mahiʻai ʻē aʻe, akā i ka wā o ka maloʻo nui loa, a me ka loaʻa ʻole o kahi lua wai, makemake nui nā holoholona e kipa aku i nā mea kanu me ka rai forage, kānana, Sudanana a me nā mea kanu.
Ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻike ʻia nā wao akua ʻEulopa-Kazakh e ka nui o nā ephemeroids a me nā ephemerals, a ʻo ka viviparous bluegrass a me nā tulip e ʻoi loa ma aneʻi. Hōʻike maikaʻi pinepine ʻia nā papa o ka laikini. Ma nā panalāʻau o ka hikina loa, ma Dzungaria a me Mongolia, ʻaʻohe hoʻi ephemerals, a me kahi awaawa e hōʻike i kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka lau nahele. I loko o ia mau wahi, a me ka mauʻu mauʻu honu honu, saltwort (Anabasis, Reaumuria, Salsola) a me nā ʻakaʻakai e noho aliʻi pinepine ana. Ma nā panalāʻau semi-waoakua ʻEulopa-Kazakh, hiki i ka solyanka (Nannophyton, Anabasis, Atriplex, Salsold) ke hoʻomalu i nā wahi, kahi e hoʻokumu ai i kahi hui me kahi helehelena o ka wao akua. ʻO ke kumukūʻai o nā mea kanu i nā biotopes saiga nui he like a liʻiliʻi loa, no laila i kēia manawa ua 2-5-7 c / ha.
ʻO nā wahi kahi e mālama ʻia ai ka hapa nui o ka saiga i ka hoʻoilo i ka wā maʻamau no nā cereal-saltwort a me nā hui nāhelehele-wormwood, ulu pinepine ma nā one one. ʻO nā wahi noho Saiga i ke kauwela, e moe nui i loko o nā mauʻu a i ʻole nā steppes maloʻo maloʻo. I ka wā o ka hau a i ʻole nā pā hau nui, makemake ka saiga e komo i ke one puʻu a me ka ʻohe a i ʻole nā kūpulu catta, a me nā mea kanu kiʻekiʻe aʻe ma kapa o nā loko a me nā kahawai.
Papaʻai Saiga
ʻO ka papa inoa nui o nā mea kanu nui a nā saigas e ʻai ai i ko lākou wahi noho e hōʻike ʻia e hoʻokahi haneli mau ʻano. Eia nō naʻe, ua hoʻololi ʻia nā ʻano mea like ʻole o ia mau mea e pili ana i ka palapala honua o ka pae a me ka lehulehu saiga. ʻO kahi laʻana, ma ka panalāʻau o Kazakhstan i kēia manawa ma kahi o kanalima mau ʻano mea kanu i ʻike ʻia. ʻAi ʻo Saigas ma ke kapa kūpono o ka muliwai ʻo Volga ma kahi o ʻewalu mau hanana mea kanu. ʻO ka helu o nā laha o nā mea kanu hānai i hoʻokahi kau ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i ke kanakolu. No laila, ʻokoʻa ka ʻokoʻa o nā mea kanu i pau i ka saiga.
ʻO ke kuleana nui loa ma ka wahi hānai saiga e hōʻike ʻia e nā mauʻu (Agropyrum, Festuca, Sttpa, Bromus, Koelerid), lālā a me nā hodgepodge, forbs, ephemera, ephedra, a me wormwood a me steppe lichens. ʻO nā ʻano ʻokoʻa a me nā hui o nā mea kanu i ʻano like ʻole me nā kau. I ka puna, ʻo ia mau holoholona i hoʻopili ʻia e ʻai ʻia he ʻumikūmālua mau ʻano mea kanu, e laʻa me ka bluegrass, mortuk a me ke ahi, ferula a me astragalus, cereals, wormwood, hodgepodge a me nā lichens. ʻO ke kapa kūpono o ka muliwai Volga e ʻike ʻia e ka ʻai ʻana i ka wormwood a me nā cereala, nā lau tulip, rhubarb, quinoa, kermek a me prutnyak. ʻO ka lua o nā wahi i loko o ka papaʻai o nā saigas i ka wā puna e pili ana i nā ephemerals, beetroots, irises, tulip, onose goose a me nā mauʻu ephemeral, me bonfire a me bluegrass.
I ke kauwela, saltwort (Anabasis, Salsola), twig and stag beetles (Ceratocarpus), a me quinoa (Atriplex), riparian (Aeluropus) a me ephedra kekahi mea nui i ka papaʻai o kahi mammal artiodactyl.
Ma nā panalāʻau o Kazakhstan, i ke kauwela, hānai nā saigas i ke kākalaioa (Hulthemia), ka ʻuhane, nā laikini, nā kākalaioa kāmelo (Alhagi), ka lālā, i loko o kahi mau cereal a me nā lāʻau awaawa, a me nā lichens (Aspicilium). Ma nā panalāʻau o Kazakhstan Komohana, ʻo ka papaʻai nā cereal, twig a wormwood, a me licorice a me astragalus. ʻO Salsola a me Anabasis a me nā mauʻu (graves a me nā mauʻu hulu) nā mea nui.
Hoihoi ia!I ka wā o ka hau hau, ʻimi ʻia nā holoholona i loko o nā ulu lāʻau o nā mea kanu a pōloli pinepine, akā hiki nō iā lākou ke ʻai i nā cattails, nā ʻohe a me kekahi ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe i kēia manawa. ʻAe ke one o ke one i nā holoholona e ʻai i nā cereal nunui (Elymus), a me nā kumulāʻau, i hōʻike ʻia e teresken, tamarix, a me ka loch, akā ua koi ʻia kēlā ʻano meaʻai a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻolako i kahi māmela mānoanoa me ka ʻai piha.
I ke kauwela, ʻai nā saigas i nā ʻano mea kanu he ʻumikūmālima, e komo pū ana me saltwort (ʻoiai ʻo Anabasis), kākalaioa kākalaioa a me kekahi lāʻau awaawa, a ʻaʻole nō hoʻi he mānoanoa o nā lālā saxaul. Ma nā panalāʻau o Kazakhstan, ʻo ka wormwood a me ka saltwort (Salsola) ka honua āpau ka mea nui o ka wā o ka lau nahele no ka saiga... Ma ke kapa kūpono o ka muliwai Volga, noho ʻo licorice i kahi wahi nui i ka papaʻai o nā saigas. ʻO ka palaoa a me ka lālā ma ka wahi ʻelua. ʻO ka waeʻano o nā meaʻai maʻamau no nā mammals cloven-hoofed e hōʻike ʻia e nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ka mauʻu hulu, tiptsa, mauʻu māla, a me nāʻiole (Setaria), camphorosis (Catnphorosma) a me nā hua hua o toadflax (Linaria). ʻO nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka saltwort, cereals a me wormwood kekahi mea nui. Noho ʻo Forbs i kahi wahi liʻiliʻi i ka papaʻai.
I ka hoʻoilo, ʻo ka saltwort (Anabasis a me Salsola), a me nā ʻāhiu mauʻu, ka mea nui i ka papaʻai o nā mammals artiodactyl. Ma ka ʻaoʻao komohana o Kazakhstan, hānai ka saiga i ka wormwood, saltwort, twig a me chamomile. Ma ke kapa kūpono o ka muliwai Volga, ʻai ka holoholona i ka palaoa, camphorosis, lālā a me nā laikini like ʻole. I Pepeluali, ʻo ka meaʻai nui o ka saiga ka lāʻau awaawa, a me ka palaoa, ka mauʻu hulu, ke ahi a me ka fescue, nā laikini a me nā cereal.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
ʻO Saigas kahi ʻano polygamous o artiodactyls. Ma ke kapa komohana o ka muliwai Volga, hāʻule ka wā hānau i nā lā hope o Nowemapa a me Kekemapa. ʻO ka moena nui o nā saigas ma ka steppe Kalmyk he 10 mau lā - mai 15 a 25 Kekemapa. Ma Kazakhstan, ua hoʻololi ʻia ia mau huaʻōlelo e kekahi mau pule ʻelua.
ʻO ka moʻo nui o nā saigas i mua e ke kaʻina hana o ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "harems". Kūʻē nā kāne i kahi pūʻulu wahine, ʻo ia hoʻi ma kahi o 5-10 poʻo, i pale ʻia mai nā mea komo hewa mai nā kāne ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka huina nui o nā wahine ma ia "harem" pili pono i ka haku wahine i ka heluna kanaka a me ka ikaika o ka moekolohe o ke kāne, no laila he ʻelima mau wahine paha. Mālama ʻia ka harem e ke kāne i kahi wahi liʻiliʻi me ka radius o 30-80 mau mika.
I ka wā o ka moena, hōʻike nā kāne o ka saiga i ka hūnā hana mai ka ʻōpū infraorbital a me nā ʻōpū o ka ʻpū. Uhi ʻia kahi holoholona kīkoa me nā ʻano huna. Hana ʻia ka male ʻana i ka pō, a i ke ao, makemake nā kāne makua e moe kolohe. Nui ka huhū o nā hakakā ma waena o nā kāne makua a i kekahi manawa pau i ka make o ka ʻenemi.
I ka wā rutting, ʻaʻole ʻai nā kāne i ka ʻai, akā ʻai pinepine lākou i ka hau. I kēia manawa, nalowale nā kāne, a lele pū kekahi i nā kānaka. Ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, i kēia wā, luhi nā kāne, nāwaliwali loa a hiki ke lilo i mea maʻalahi no nā mea ʻaihue he nui.
ʻO ka hapanui pinepine, male a nā wahine wahine saiga no ka manawa mua i ka piha ʻana o nā mahina ʻewalu, no laila e ʻike ʻia nā keiki i hoʻokahi makahiki. Komo nā kāne Saiga i ka palaka i ka makahiki ʻelua o ko lākou ola. He ʻelima mau mahina a keu o ka hāpai ʻana ma kahi o 145 mau lā. ʻO nā hui liʻiliʻi a me nā wahine e hānau keiki ana i loko o ka pae holoʻokoʻa, akā ʻo ka hapa nui o nā saigas hāpai e ʻākoakoa wale nō i kekahi mau wahi. Hōʻike ʻia nā wahi no ka hānau nui saiga e nā pāpū ākea me kahi kaumaha like ʻole me ka saucer. ʻO ka pinepine, ka sparse loa nā mea kanu i loko o ia mau wahi, a hōʻike ʻia hoʻi e nā wormwood-cereal a i ʻole saltwort semideserts.
Hoihoi ia! Hoʻomaopopo ʻia i ke kāne, ʻike ʻia ke kūkulu ʻana o nā pepeiaohao ma hope koke o ka hānau ʻana, a ʻo ka wahine ma ka hopena o ka wā o ke kauwela e like me ka holoholona o ʻekolu mau makahiki i kona helehelena.
ʻO nā saigas i hānau hou i kaupaona 3.4-3.5 kg. I loko o nā lā mua o ko lākou ola, moe ka ʻāpana o nā cuba saiga me ka ʻoniʻoni ʻole, no laila paʻakikī loa e ʻike i nā holoholona i nā wahi i nele i nā mea kanu, ʻoiai ka mamao o ʻelua a ʻekolu mau mika paha. Ma hope o ka hānai ʻana, haʻalele ka wahine i kāna mau keiki e ʻimi i ka meaʻai a me ka wai, akā i ka lā, hoʻi ʻo ia i nā keiki i nā manawa he nui e hānai iā lākou. Ulu ulu nā keiki a Saiga. I ka lā ʻewalu a ʻumi paha o ko lākou ola, hiki i nā keiki bipi saiga ke ukali i ko lākou makuahine.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻO nā keiki ʻōpio ʻole o ka saiga e ʻeha mau i nā hoʻouka ʻana e nā ʻīlio hae, nā ʻīlio hihiu a i ʻole nā ʻīlio hele hewa e ʻākoakoa ana no kahi lua wai e kokoke ana i kahi waihona wai. ʻAihue nā mea ʻaihue nui i nā saigas makua. Ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, he mea waiwai nui ka saigas, a hoʻopau ʻia no ko lākou hulu waiwai a me ka ʻiʻo momona i hiki ke palai, ʻai a moa ʻia.
ʻO nā mea waiwai nui nā pepeiaohao o kahi holoholona artiodactyl, i hoʻohana ākea ʻia i nā lāʻau lapaʻau Kina. He lāʻau antipyretic maikaʻi ʻo Saiga horn powder a kōkua i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ke kino. Hoʻohana ākea ia i ka hoʻomaha o ka palahalaha a me ka mālama ʻana i ka fiva. Hoʻohana ʻia nā pepeiaohao ʻānai e nā kauka Kina i ka mālama ʻana i kekahi mau maʻi ate, ʻeha poʻo poʻo a pupuʻu paha.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Saigas i ka papa inoa o nā holoholona i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e like me nā mea hopu holoholona, i ʻae ʻia e ke kānāwai aupuni. Hoʻolālā ke Keʻena ʻo Hunting i Lūkia i nā kulekele o ka mokuʻāina, ka normative a me ke kānāwai i pili i ka pale a me ka mālama ʻana, hana hou a me ke aʻo ʻana i nā saigas.
