ʻO ka mink ʻAmelika kahi lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻaha weasel, he hulu waiwai kāna, no laila ʻike ʻia ia ma nā kūlana kūlohelohe a mālama ʻia e nā kānaka no nā ʻoihana ʻenehana a me nā holoholona hoʻi.
Ka wehewehe o ka mink ʻAmelika
Ua like kēia ʻano o ka mink me ko ʻEulopa, ʻoiai ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi pilina mamao ma waena o lākou. Ua kapa ʻia nā "wahine ʻAmelika" ma ke ʻano he martens, a ʻo "Europeans" i kapa ʻia ma ka ʻōlelo Siberian.
Helehelena
He holoholona mink maʻamau... ʻO ke kino o nā minks ʻAmelika he maʻalahi a lōʻihi: i nā kāne ma kahi o 45 cm, i nā wahine he liʻiliʻi iki ia. Kau kaupaona i 2 kg. Pokole nā wāwae. Piʻi ka huelo a 25 cm. Poepoe nā pepeiao, liʻiliʻi. ʻĀlohilohi nā maka me ke kukui ʻulaʻula i ka pō. ʻOi loa nā niho, ʻōlelo paha kekahi i nui. Hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ka waha, hoʻopili ʻia ka iwi poʻo. He undercoat mānoanoa ka hulu Monochrome, mai ke keʻokeʻo a i aneane ʻeleʻele.
I ke kūlohelohe, maʻamau nā kala mai ka hohonu a i ka pouli. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui mai kahi ʻohana o ka lāhui ʻEulopa i manaʻo ʻia he alo o kahi kiko keʻokeʻo ma ka auwae, a hiki i ka lehelehe lalo, akā hiki ke loli kēia hōʻailona. ʻO nā manawa he mau kiko keʻokeʻo ma ka umauma, ka puʻu, ʻōpū. ʻO kēlā me kēia kanaka o nā aka ʻokoʻa a me nā kala i ʻike ʻia i ke kūlohelohe e hōʻike paha he kamaʻāina lākou a i ʻole nā kūpuna i nā mahiʻai huluhulu, i pakele a hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka nāhelehele.
Ka nohona ola, hana
Alakaʻi lākou i kahi nohona noho kaʻawale ka hapanui, ka noho ʻana i ko lākou panalāʻau. Mālama ʻia ka hana nui i ka pō, akā i ke aniau ʻōpua, a me nā hau hau ʻino hoʻi, hiki iā lākou ke noho makaʻala i ke ao.
Alakaʻi nā minks i kahi nohona semi-aquatic, noho i kahi wahi kai kahakai, ma kapa o nā wai wai, kahi a lākou e hana ai i nā lua, lawe pinepine iā lākou mai nā muskrats. ʻO ka lōʻihi o nā hale malumalu ma kahi o 3 mau mika, he nui ko lākou mau keʻena, e laʻa me ka hoʻoulu ʻana, a me kahi hale moe. Aia kekahi mau puka komo ma lalo o ke kahawai, a alakaʻi kekahi i luna - he ala ʻaoʻao ia a he mea pono no ka ea.
Paipai nā hau ʻino i ka holoholona e pani i ka puka komo me kahi moe maloʻo, a me ka wela wela - e huki iā ia a hoʻomaha iā ia. Hiki i kahi mink ke ʻoi aku ma mua o 5 mau ʻano kūkulu like ma kāna panalāʻau. Hiki i nā mink ʻAmelika ke noho maʻalahi ma kahi o ka nohona kanaka, ma ka liʻiliʻi aia kekahi mau hihia i ʻike ʻia e pili ana i ko lākou noho kokoke ʻana i ka noho manawa ʻole o ka poʻe. A ma ka laulā ʻo lākou kekahi o nā holoholona wiwo ʻole a pīhoihoi hoʻi.
Hoihoi ia!I ke ola maʻamau, nānā nui lākou i ka fussy, ke kelepona, ke neʻe lākou, lele lākou i kahi liʻiliʻi, piʻi ka wikiwiki i 20 km / h, akā no nā wahi pōkole, hiki iā lākou ke lele i ko lākou kino lōʻihi a ʻoi paha, a me ka hapalua mika ke kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka paʻakikī i ka neʻe ʻana no ka minks he hau lewa, a ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe ma mua o 15 knm, ʻeli ʻo ia i nā lua. ʻAʻole piʻi pinepine lākou i nā kumulāʻau, ke ʻole ka makaʻu e holo wale ana. Neʻe Dexterous i loko o nā māwae a me nā lua, i nā hakahaka ma lalo o ka ʻōpala o nā lālā.
ʻAʻau maikaʻi lākou: i ka wikiwiki o 1-1.5 km / h, hiki iā lākou ke noho ma lalo o ka wai a 2-3 mau minuke. a ʻau aku a 30 m, a luʻu i ka hohonu o 4 m. Ma muli o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi ʻole o nā membrane ma waena o nā manamana wāwae, hoʻohana lākou i ke kino a me ka huelo i ka wā e ʻauʻau ana, e hana ana i nā neʻe e like me nā nalu me lākou. I ka hoʻoilo, e hoʻomaloʻo i ka ʻili ke haʻalele i ka wai, hamo ka mink iā lākou iho no kekahi manawa ma ka hau, e kolo ana ma luna o ko lākou kua a me ka ʻōpū.
Heʻuʻuku ka wahi hahai holoholona o ka mink a aia ma ke kaʻe o ka wai; i ke kauwela, e ʻimi ana ka mink ma kahi mamao a 80 m mai ka lua, i ka hoʻoilo - ʻoi aku a i uka. Loaʻa i ka ʻāina ka pūnaewele o nā ala mau loa a me nā pūnaewele kaha ʻala. I ka wā o ka manawa waiwai i nā kumuwaiwai, hana ʻole ka mink ʻAmelika, ʻoluʻolu me ka hopu holoholona a puni kona home, a i nā makahiki me ka lawa ʻole o ka meaʻai, hiki iā ia ke ʻauana, e uhi ana a 5 km i kēlā me kēia lā. Noho ʻo ia i kahi panalāʻau hou no kekahi mau lā, a laila neʻe pū kekahi. I ka wā kūlohelohe a i ka wā o ka moʻo ʻana, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ke kelepona a hiki ke uhi i kahi mamao o 30 km, keu hoʻi nā kāne.
No ke kamaʻilio pū kekahi me kekahi, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā hōʻailona olfactory (mark odor). Kaha ʻia ka panalāʻau i nā pulu me ka huna o ka pilau, a me ka hakakā me ka ʻāʻī puʻupuʻu me nā huna mai nā ʻāʻī puʻu. Ma muli o ka ʻike maka ʻole, hilinaʻi nui lākou i ke ʻano o ka pilau. Piʻi lākou i ʻelua manawa i ka makahiki. ʻAʻole lākou e hibernate, akā hiki iā lākou ke hiamoe i loko o kā lākou lua no kekahi mau lā i ka lālani i ka manawa o ke anuanu anuanu me nā mahana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa.
Ehia mau mink e ola nei
ʻO ke ola i ke pio ʻana a 10 mau makahiki, ma ke ʻano 4-6 mau makahiki.
Dimorphism moekolohe
Hōʻike ʻia ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā kāne i ka nui: ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kino a me ke kaumaha o nā kāne ma kahi o ka hapakolu o nā wahine. ʻOi aku ka iwi nui o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine i ka lōʻihi condylobasal. Kūlike ʻole lākou i ke kala.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
ʻO ka nohona kūlohelohe a kūlohelohe hoʻi no kēia lūlū o ka mustelids ka wahi nahele a me ka ululāʻau tundra o ʻAmelika Hema.... Mai ka makahiki 30 o ke kenekulia iwakālua. hoʻolauna ʻia i loko o ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa o Eurasia a mai ia manawa ua noho i ka nui o nā panalāʻau nui, akā, ua ʻāpana ʻāina. Ua noho ka mink ʻAmelika acclimatized ma kahi o ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa holoʻokoʻa, ka Caucasus, Siberia, ka Hikina hikina, ʻAkau ʻAkau, me Iapana. Loaʻa nā kolone hoʻokaʻawale ma ʻEnelani, ma ka Scandinavian Peninsula, i Kelemānia.
Makemake ʻo ia e noho i nā lua ma nā kahakai ulu lāʻau kokoke i nā kino wai, mālama ia i nā kino wai hou i uka - nā kahawai, nā kahawai a me nā loko, a me ke kai o ke kai. I ka hoʻoilo, pili ia i nā wahi kū ʻole. Kūleʻa ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no nā wahi noho ʻaʻole wale me ka mink ʻEulopa, ʻoiai hiki ke noho i nā ʻano ʻākau a paʻakikī hoʻi, akā me ka otter, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma hope o nā kūlana hoʻoilo a me ka nele o nā mea noho wai i ʻai ʻia e nā mea ʻelua, ke hiki i ka mink ke hoʻololi mālie i kiwi ʻāina. Ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻāina me ka otter, noho ʻo ia i uka ma mua o ka otter. Mālama nui ka "ʻAmelika" i ka desman - i kekahi mau wahi o ka hope ua hoʻoneʻe loa ʻia e ia.
ʻAi mink ʻAmelika
ʻO nā mink nā mea ʻaihue, hānai ʻana mai ʻehā a ʻeiwa mau manawa o ka lā, e hana nui ana i ke kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi. He picky lākou e pili ana i ka meaʻai: ʻo ka papaʻai ka mea makemake i kā lākou crustacean punahele, a me nā mea kolo, nā kahakai kahakai. ʻO nā iʻa, nā ʻoki manu e like me ka iole, nā manu e hana i ka hapa nui o ka papaʻai. Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻai ʻia nā lāpaki, nā mollusks like ʻole, ʻenuhe a me nā moa wai liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻūlū paha.
Hoihoi ia!Hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i nā holoholona make. A ʻo ia hoʻi - e luku i nā pūnana manu. I hoʻokahi lā, hiki iā lākou ke ale i ka nui o nā meaʻai, ke kaupaona ʻana a i ka hapahā o kā lākou iho.
Mālama kēia mau holoholona he nui i nā mālama no ka hoʻoilo i ko lākou mau lua. Inā loaʻa ka pilikia nui o ka meaʻai, hiki iā lākou ke kiʻi i nā manu kūloko: hiki i nā kakini a me nā ʻāpō ke hāʻule i hoʻokahi ʻano ʻano. Akā maʻamau ma ka hopena o ke kauwela - ka hoʻomaka o ka hoʻoilo, momona nā minks i kahi momona momona maikaʻi.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
He polygamous kēia ʻano: hiki i ka wahine a me nā kāne ke hui pū me kekahi mau hoa i ka wā o ka male ʻana... Noho ka noho o ke kāne i nā wahi o nā wahine. Holo ka mink ʻAmelika mai ka hopena o Pepeluali a i ka mua o ʻApelila. I loko o kēia wā, hana ia kokoke i ka uaki, fussy, neʻe nui i kāna mau ala. Kūʻē pinepine nā kāne i kēia manawa.
Hiki ke hoʻonohonoho ʻia kahi pūnana brood "ʻAmelika" i kahi pahu i hāʻule a i ʻole i ke aʻa o kahi lāʻau. Hoʻokomo ʻia ke keʻena pūnana me ka mauʻu maloʻo a lau nahele, limu. Hāpai ka hāpai keiki i nā lā he 36-80, me ka pae latent o 1-7 mau pule. Hiki i nā pōpoki ke hānau i loko o kahi pua a hiki i 10 a ʻoi paha. Kaupaona nā ʻīlio hānau hou mai 7 a 14 g, ka lōʻihi mai 55 a 80 mm. Hānau makapō nā ʻōpala, niho ʻole, pani ʻia ko lākou mau aʻa hoʻolohe. Hiki i nā maka o kahi norchat ke wehe i nā lā 29-38, hoʻomaka lākou e lohe i nā lā 23-27.
I ka hānau ʻana, ʻaʻohe huluhulu o nā pēpē; ʻike ʻia e ka hopena o ka pule ʻelima o ko lākou ola. A hiki i ka 1.5 mau makahiki o ka makahiki, ʻaʻohe o lākou thermoregulation, no laila ʻaʻole iki ka makuahine e haʻalele i ka pūnana. Inā ʻole, i ka wā hypothermia, ʻūlū nā ʻīlio, a ma kahi mahana o 10-12 ° C hāmau lākou, hāʻule i loko o ka lethargic rigor mortis ke hāʻule hou. Ke piʻi ka mahana, ola lākou.
I ka makahiki o hoʻokahi mahina, hiki iā lākou ke hele i waho o ka lua, e hoʻāʻo e ʻahaʻaina i nā meaʻai i lawe ʻia e ka makuahine. Lactation mau ʻo 2-2.5 mau mahina. I ka makahiki o ʻekolu mau mahina, hoʻomaka ka poʻe ʻōpio e aʻo i ka hopu holoholona mai ko lākou makuahine. Hiki i nā wahine i ke oʻo piha i 4 mau mahina, kāne - ma hoʻokahi makahiki. Akā like like, hānai nā ʻōpio i nā ʻāina o ka makuahine a hiki i ka wā puna. Loaʻa ke oʻo makua i nā wahine i hoʻokahi makahiki, a i nā kāne - i hoʻokahi makahiki a me ka hapa.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻAʻole nui nā holoholona i ke kūlohelohe i hiki ke hōʻeha i ka mink ʻAmelika. Hoʻohui ʻia, he pale kūlohelohe ia: nā gland anal, kahi mea e hoʻopuka ai i kahi ʻala kūpale ke kū i ka pilikia.
Hoihoi ia!ʻO Arctic fox, harza, Siberian weasel, lynx, ʻīlio, bea a me nā manu nui o nā pio hiki ke pilikia i ka mink. I kekahi manawa komo i loko o nā niho o ka ʻalopeke a me kahi ʻīlio hae.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
ʻO ka mink ʻAmelika kahi pāʻani waiwai nui ma muli o kona huluhulu... Eia nō naʻe, he mea nui ia i nā kānaka ma ke ʻano he mea ulu o ka cell. Noho nui ʻia ka laha i ka nahelehele, lehulehu ka lehulehu, no laila ʻaʻole ia e hopohopo a pale ʻole ʻia e ka puke ʻulaʻula.
I nā ʻāina he nui, ua lilo ka mink ʻAmelika i mea acclimatized i mea e lilo ai ka nalowale o kahi poʻe ʻē aʻe. No laila, ʻo Pinilana, ʻoiai ka piʻi nui o ka hana ʻana o kēia holoholona, hopohopo e pili ana i ka nui o ka laha ʻana, e makaʻu ana i ka hōʻino ʻia i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe o ka honua holoholona e noho ana i kēia panalāʻau.
ʻO nā hana a ke kanaka e alakaʻi nei i kahi loli i nā kahakai o nā kino wai, kahi hoʻemi o ka lako o ka meaʻai, a me ka hele pinepine ʻana o ka poʻe i nā wahi o ka noho maʻamau o ka mink, e koi iā ia e neʻe i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā panalāʻau ʻē aʻe, kahi e hoʻopili ai i ka hana hou ʻana o ka lehulehu i loko o nā palena o kekahi mau wahi.
