ʻO ka honu mamao loa, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo ka Trionix Kina (Pelodiscus sinensis), no ka mahele o nā honu wai hou a he lālā o ka ʻohana honu manu ʻekolu. Hoʻolahalaha nui ʻia ka mea kolo ma ʻAsia a ʻo ia ka honu hulu palupalu kaulana kaulana loa. I kekahi mau ʻāina ʻĀkia, hoʻohana ʻia kēlā ʻano holoholona no ka meaʻai, a he ʻano hana hoʻohua ʻoihana ʻoihana nō hoʻi ia.
Hōʻike o ka honu Hikina Hema
ʻO ka honu kino palupalu kaulana loa i kēia lā he 8 mau pā o ka iwi iwi iwi i loko o kahi carapace... Hoʻohanohano ʻia nā iwi o ke carapace e kahi kiʻi punctate liʻiliʻi a ʻike pono ʻia. Hoʻomaopopo pū ʻia ke alo o ʻehiku ʻano kino o ka mānoanoa o ka plastron, aia ma hypo- a me nā hyoplastrons, xyphiplastrons, a i kekahi manawa ma nā epiplastrons.
Helehelena
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kuhukukū o ka honu mamao loa, ma ke ʻano he kūlana, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i ka hapahā o ka mika, akā i kekahi manawa ua loaʻa nā mea hoʻohālikelike me ka lōʻihi o ka pūpū a 35-40 knm. Uhi ʻia ka carapace e ka ʻili palupalu me ka ʻole o nā pale horny. Poepoe i ke kinona, carapace, reminiscent o ka pā palai i ka helehelena, ua lawa ka palupalu nā kihi e kōkua i ka honu e kanu iā ia iho i ka silt. I nā ʻōpio, ʻoi aku ka pōʻai o ka pūpū, ʻoiai i nā mākua e ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi a me ka pālahalaha. Loaʻa i nā kuhukukū ʻōpio nā lālani longitudinal o nā tubercles ʻano ʻē ma ka carapace, i hui pū ʻia i nā kualono i kapa ʻia ke ulu lākou, akā i ka poʻe mākua ua nalowale ia ʻano ulu.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka ʻaoʻao luna o ka iwi e kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo a i ʻole ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo, kahi e ʻike ʻia ai nā kiko melemele liʻiliʻi. He melemele a keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo paha ka plastron. Hoʻohanohano ʻia nā ʻōpio Trionixes e ke kala ʻalani alani, kahi e ʻike mau ai nā wahi ʻeleʻele. ʻO ke poʻo, ka ʻāʻī a me nā lālā he ʻōmaʻomaʻo-hina a ʻōmaʻomaʻo-ʻeleʻele hoʻi i ke kala. Aia nā wahi ʻeleʻele a me nā kukui liʻiliʻi ma ke poʻo, a hele aku kahi laina ʻeleʻele a ʻiki hoʻi mai ka maka o ka maka, i ka hope.
Hoihoi ia! I kēia mau lā, kokoke i ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Tainan, ua hopu ʻia kahi honu me ke kaupaona o 11 kg wale nō me ka lōʻihi o 46 cm, kahi i wae ʻia e kahi loko iʻa iʻa.
Aia he ʻelima mau manamana wāwae ma nā wāwae o ka honu, a ʻekolu o lākou e hoʻopau i nā māiʻuʻu ʻoi loa. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka mea kolo e nā manamana, i mākaukau me nā membrane ʻauʻau i hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia. He ʻāʻī lōʻihi ko ka honu Hikina Hikina, he mau ʻāʻī ikaika loa me ka lihi ʻoki ʻoi. Uhi ʻia nā kihi kihi o nā iwi ā o ka honu e nā mea ulu mānoanoa a me nā ʻili - ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "lehelehe". Hoʻonui ʻia ka hopena o ka waha a i loko o kahi proboscis palupalu a lōʻihi, kahi e waiho ai nā puka ihu.
Ka nohona ola, hana
ʻO nā honu loa ma ka Hikina Hikina, a i ʻole ka Chinese Trionix, noho i nā ʻano biotopes like ʻole, mai ka ʻāpana Taiga ʻākau a i nā subtropics a me nā ululāʻau tropical i ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka pae. I nā wahi mauna, hiki i ka mea kolo ke piʻi i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 1.6-1.7 tausani mau mika ma luna o ka ʻilikai. Noho ka honu mamao loa ma ka hikina wai o nā kino wai, koe ʻole ka muliwai nui a me nā wai liʻiliʻi a me nā loko, nā oxbows, a aia pū kekahi i nā pā laiki. Hāʻawi ka holoholona i ka makemake i nā kino wai mehana me kahi one a lepo paha me ka lepo, me ke kū ʻana o nā mea kanu wai a me nā panakawai mālie.
Hōʻalo nā Chinese Trionics i nā kahawai me nā kahawai ikaika loa... Hoʻoikaika nui ka mea kolo me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke ahiahi a i ka pō. I ke anilā maikaʻi i ke ao, ua kū mau kēlā mau ʻelele o ka ʻohana honu Tricot no ka manawa lōʻihi ma kahakai, akā ʻaʻole e neʻe ma mua o ʻelua mau mika mai ka lihi wai. I nā lā wela loa, kuʻu lākou i ke one pulu a hele koke paha i loko o ka wai. I ka hōʻailona mua o ka weliweli, ʻaneʻane peʻe koke ka mea kolo i ka wai, kahi e kanu ai iā ia iho i ka silt lalo.
Hoihoi ia! Hiki i nā honu ke hoʻomehana iā lākou iho ma ke kaʻe ʻana i loko o ka wai pāpaʻu kokoke i ka lihi o ka wai. Inā pono, hele nā honu i kahi hohonu kūpono, waiho i nā puka ʻano ma kahakai, i kapa ʻia ʻo "bay".
Hoʻolilo kekahi mau kuhukukū loa i kahi hapa nui o ko lākou manawa i ka wai. 'Auʻau a luʻu pono kēia mau mea kolo a hiki iā lākou ke noho ma lalo o ka wai i kahi manawa lōʻihi. Loaʻa kekahi o ka oxygen Trionix mai ka wai ma o ka hanu pharyngeal i kapa ʻia. I loko o ka puʻu o ka honu, aia nā papillae, i hōʻike ʻia e nā pūʻolo o nā mucous outgrowths, komo i loko o kahi nui o nā capillaries. I kēia mau wahi, lawe ʻia ka oxygen mai ka wai.
ʻOiai ma lalo o ka wai, wehe ka honu i kona waha, hiki i ka wai ke holoi ma luna o ka villi i loko o ka pharynx. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Papillae e kinaʻi i ka urea. Inā loaʻa ka wai kiʻekiʻe ma loko o ka waihona wai, ʻaʻole hāmama ka luʻu kolo i ko lākou waha. Hiki i ka honu mamao loa ke hoʻolōʻihi i kona ʻāʻī lōʻihi, ma muli o ke ea o ka ea e nā puka ihu ma ka proboscis lōʻihi a palupalu. Kōkua kēia hiʻohiʻona i ka holoholona e noho ʻike maka ʻole ʻia e ka poʻe hōkai. Ma ka ʻāina e neʻe maikaʻi ai ka honu, a ʻo ka neʻe wikiwiki ʻana o nā hiʻohiʻona ʻōpio o Trionix.
I nā wā maloʻo, nā wahi waiho liʻiliʻi i noho ʻia e nā kuhukukū e lilo i pāpaʻu loa, a kū kekahi ka hoʻohaumia wai. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole haʻalele ka mea kolo i kāna wahi maʻamau. Hana kolohe ʻo Trionics i ka huhū a hoʻāʻo e hoʻokau i nā nahu ʻeha loa. Hoʻokomo pinepine ka poʻe nui loa i nā hōʻeha koʻikoʻi me nā kihi ʻoi o ka ʻāʻī. Hūnā nā honu hikina loa ma ka lalo o kahi waihona wai, hiki iā lākou ke peʻe i nā ulu ʻohe kokoke i ke kapakai a i ʻole ka lua hohonu i lalo. ʻO ka wā hoʻoilo mai ka waena o Kepakemapa a Mei a Iune paha.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o Trionix
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke ola o ka Chinese Trionix i ka lawe pio ʻana ma kahi o ka hapahā o ke kenekulia. I ke kūlohelohe, ʻo nā mea kolo ke ola pinepine ma mua o ʻelua mau makahiki.
Dimorphism moekolohe
Hiki ke hoʻoholo kūʻokoʻa i ka moekolohe o ka honu ʻāina me ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe loa i loko o kēlā me kēia kanaka i ka makahiki makua moekolohe o ʻelua mau makahiki. Hōʻike ʻia ka dimorphism moekolohe e kekahi mau hōʻailona kūwaho. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa, mānoanoa, a lōʻihi nā māiʻuʻu o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine.
Hoʻohui ʻia, he plastron concave kā ke kāne a he ulu nui kona ʻili ma nā ʻūhā i kapa ʻia ʻo "femoral spurs". Ke nānā nei i ka ʻāpana o hope o ka honu Hikina Hema, hiki ke ʻike ʻia kekahi mau ʻokoʻa. I nā kāne, uhi paʻa ʻia kona huelo me ka pūpū, a i nā wahine, ʻike maopopo ʻia ka ʻaoʻao o ka huelo mai lalo o ka pūpū. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka wahine makua he pā palahalaha a ʻōpū iki paha.
Nā ʻano o Trionix Kina
Ma mua, no ka genus Trionyx ka Chinese Trionyx, a he ʻelua mau ʻāpana ʻokoʻa wale nō i ʻike ʻia i kēia ʻano.
- ʻO Tr. ʻo sinensis sinensis kahi ʻāpana inoa nominative i hoʻolaha ʻia ma luna o kahi ʻāpana nui o ka laulā;
- ʻO Tr. ʻO Sinensis tuberculatus kahi ʻāpana palena palena i loaʻa ma Kina Waena a me nā iwi o ke kai Kina Hema.
I kēia lā, ʻaʻohe ʻāpana o nā honu o ka Hikina Hema. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā heluna lehulehu o ia mau mea kolo mai Kina e kekahi poʻe noiʻi a pili i nā ʻano kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa.
- Pelodiscus axenaria;
- Pelodiscus parviformis.
Mai kahi manaʻo ʻauhau, ʻaʻole maopopo loa ke kūlana o ia ʻano. ʻO kahi laʻana, Pelodiscus axenaria he keiki ʻōpio P. sinensis paha. HNoho nā honu e noho ana ma Rūsia, ma ka ʻākau hikina o Kina a me Kōlea i kekahi manawa ma ke ʻano he kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa o P. maackii.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Hoʻolahalaha nui nā trionics Kina ma waena o ʻAsia, e like me Kina Hikina, Vietnam a me Korea, Iapana, a me nā mokupuni ʻo Hainan a me Taiwan. Ma loko o kā mākou ʻāina, loaʻa ka hapa nui o nā laha i ka hema o ka Hikina Hema.
Hoihoi ia! I kēia lā, ua hoʻolauna ʻia nā lunamaka o ka honu Honu Hikina i ka panalāʻau o ka hema o Iapana, nā mokupuni ʻo Ogasawara a me Timor, Thailand, Singapore a me Malaysia, nā mokupuni ʻo Hawaiʻi a me Mariana.
Noho kēlā mau kuhukukū i ka wai o nā kahawai ʻo Amur a me Ussuri, a ʻo ko lākou mau kahawai nui a me Lake Khanka.
ʻO ka ʻai kuhukukū mamao loa
ʻO ka honu mamao loa ʻo Hikina Hikina. ʻAi kēia mea kolo i nā iʻa, a me nā amphibians a me nā crustacea, kekahi mau mea kolo, nā ilo a me nā molluscs. Ke kali nei nā lunamakaʻāinana o nā honu manu manamana ʻekolu a me ke ʻano o nā manu kuhukukū ʻo Far East no kā lākou mea pio, e ʻeli ana i ke one a i ʻole ka silt. E hopu i kahi mea e hoʻokokoke mai ana, hoʻohana ka Chinese Trionics i kahi neʻe wikiwiki loa o kahi poʻo elongated.
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka hana hānai nui o ka mea kolo i ke ahiahi, a i ka pō hoʻi. Aia i kēia manawa ʻaʻohe o nā kuhukukū i loko o kā lākou hoʻohālua, akā hiki iā lākou ke alualu ikaika, ikaika a nānā pono i ka ʻāina o kā lākou wahi ʻimi holoʻokoʻa.
Hoihoi ia! E like me ka nui o nā mea e nānā ai, nānā ʻole i ko lākou mau makahiki, mahalo nui ʻo Trionix. ʻO kahi laʻana, i ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana, ʻo kahi honu me ka lōʻihi o ka iwi 18-20 cm i ka manawa e ʻai pono ʻekolu a ʻehā paha iʻa 10-12 cm ka lōʻihi.
Eia kekahi, ʻimi ikaika ʻia ka meaʻai e nā holoholona makua ma lalo o ka waihona wai. ʻO ka iʻa i hopu ʻia e nā mea kolo, nui ka nui i ka nui, a hoʻāʻo ʻo Trionix e ale i kēlā mea pio, ke nahu mua nei i kona poʻo.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Hiki i nā kuhukukū hikina loa ke oʻo makua i ka makahiki ʻeono o ko lākou ola. I nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka laulā, hiki i ka male ʻana mai Malaki a Iune. Ke male ʻana, paʻa nā kāne i nā wahine me kā lākou mau ā i ka ʻāʻī ʻili a i ʻole nā ʻūlū mua. Kū pololei ke kope i lalo o ka wai a hala nā minuke he ʻumi. Hāpai ka hāpai i 50-65 mau lā, a piʻi ka oviposition mai Mei a ʻAukake.
No ka hoʻomoe ʻana i nā hua manu, koho nā wahine i nā wahi maloʻo me nā lepo wela wela kokoke i ka wai. ʻO ka maʻamau, kau ke kau ʻana ma nā ʻae one, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma nā ʻiliʻili. I ka ʻimi ʻana i kahi kiko kūpono, neʻe aku paha ka honu mai ka wai. I ka honua, huki koke ka mea kolo me kona mau lālā hope i kahi puka pūnana kūikawā, hiki i ka hohonu o 15-20 cm ke anawaena o ka hapa haʻahaʻa o 8-10 cm.
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā hua manu i loko o ka lua a uhi ʻia me ka lepo... ʻO nā paʻa honu hou kau ʻia ma nā wahi kiʻekiʻe loa o ke kuha kahakai, kahi e ālai ai i nā keiki mai ka holoi ʻia e nā kahawai kauwela kauwela. Hiki ke loaʻa nā wahi me nā paʻa lima ma nā lua kuhukukū a i ʻole ke ala wahine. I loko o hoʻokahi wā hānau, hana ka wahine i ʻelua a ʻekolu paha paʻa, a ʻo ka helu o nā hua he 18-75 mau ʻāpana. Pili ka nui o ka paʻa i ka nui o ka wahine. Keʻokeʻo nā hua spherical me kahi tige beige, akā hiki ke melemele, 18-20 mm ke anawaena a kaupaona a 4-5 g.
Hoihoi ia! Hoʻokahi a me ka hapa i loko o ʻelua mau mahina ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻoulu ʻana, akā ke piʻi ka mahana i 32-33 ° C, hoʻemi ʻia ka manawa hoʻomohala i hoʻokahi mahina. ʻAʻole like me nā ʻano honu ʻē aʻe, ʻike ʻia ka hapanui o nā mea kolo kolo ʻekolu e ka hakahaka o ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka wahine e pili ana i ka mahana.
ʻAʻole pū kekahi chromosome heteromorphic wahine. I ʻAukake a Kepakemapa paha, ʻike nui ʻia nā honu ʻōpio mai nā hua manu, e holo koke ana i ka wai... Uhi ʻia ka mamao he iwakālua mika i 40-45 mau minuke, a ma hope o ka lua o nā honu i lalo o ka lalo a hū paha ma lalo o nā pōhaku.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka honu Hikina Hikina he mau manu kūpaka like ʻole, a he poʻe mammal hoʻi e ʻeli ana i nā pūnana kolo. Ma ka Hikina hikina, pili pū kēia i nā ʻalalā ʻeleʻele a nui-i hoʻoili ʻia, nā ʻalopeke, nā ʻīlio raccoon, nā mea ʻino a me nā puaʻa hihiu. I nā manawa like ʻole, hiki i nā mea ʻino ke luku a hiki i ka 100% o nā paʻa honu.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Ma kahi ʻāpana nui o ka laulā, he hihiu maʻamau ka honu Honu loa, akā ma Rūsia he mea kolo - he laha ʻano laha ʻole, ka heluna nui o ia mau mea e emi wikiwiki nei. Ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka ʻānai ʻana i nā mākua a me ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o nā hua manu no ka ʻai ʻana e kōkua i ka hōʻemi ʻana o ka helu. ʻO nā pohō nui loa ka hopena e nā kahe wai kauwela a me ka hana lohi. Ua helu ʻia ka honu mamao loa ma ka puke ʻulaʻula, a ʻo ka mālama ʻana i nā laha e koi ana i ka hana ʻia o nā wahi pale a me ka pale o nā wahi pūnana.
