ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu loa, e ukali ana i ka panda ʻulaʻula, ua loaʻa nā mea mākaʻikaʻi i kahi mea hou e hoʻomana ai - ka binturong, kahi pōpoki hoʻomākeʻaka a bear marten paha. ʻAno ʻē, no ke aha ʻaʻole puaʻa bea: ke kolo nei i loko o nā kumu lāʻau, namunamu pinepine ʻo Binturongs.
Ka wehewehe o binturong
ʻO ka predator me ka inoa Lākina ʻo Arctictis binturong e hōʻike ana i ka ʻohana civerrids, ʻaʻole raccoons, e like me ka mea i manaʻo mua ʻia, a ʻo ia wale nō nā ʻano o ka genus Arctictis (binturongs). Hāʻawi ʻia ka inoa kapakapa "pōpoki bea" no ka halulu a me nā ʻano o ka pōpoki, kahi i hoʻohui ʻia i kahi huakaʻi bear bear (kapuaʻi wāwae wāwae ma ka honua).
Helehelena
ʻO Binturong, kaupaona he 10 a 20 kg, e like ana ka nui me kahi ʻīlio nui... Piʻi kahi holoholona makua a 0.6-1 mau mika, a ʻaʻole pili kēia i ka huelo, i like ka lōʻihi me ke kino.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO kahi huelo mānoanoa me ka wēlau i hopu ʻia ka ʻāpana kupaianaha o ke kino o ka pōpoki a, ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka ʻelima o kona wāwae (a i ʻole ka lima?) ʻO ke kinkajou e noho ana i ʻAmelika kahi huelo like. ʻO Binturong wale nō ka predator huelo kaulahao o ka Honua Kahiko.
ʻO ka lauoho ʻoi loa a ʻoi loa hoʻi e ulu ana ma ka huelo o ka binturong (ʻoi aku ka māmā ma ke kumu), a ma ka laulā ʻo kona kapa palupalu, shaggy a nui. Uhi ʻia ke kino me ka lauoho lōʻihi a hinuhinu hoʻi, ka hapanui o ke kala lanahu, i hoʻohuihui ʻia me nā oho hina (ka mea a nā ipo ʻīlio i kapa ai ʻo "paʻakai a me ka pepa"). Aia kekahi kanaka ʻeleʻele hina me ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka keʻokeʻo wale nō, akā ke hina hina a me ka lauoho melemele.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ke kino elongated ma luna o nā lālā pōkole me nā pākea ākea he 5. ʻO ke poʻo ākea i nā ihu ʻeleʻele, ma ke ala, hoʻomanaʻo loa i kahi ʻīlio - like ke anuanu me ka pulu hoʻi i kona ʻūlū. ʻO ka hapanui o nā mea āpau, hōʻike ʻia ke kala o ka "paʻakai a me ka pepa" ma ke poʻo a me ka waha: ʻo ka vibrissae protruding paʻakikī, a me nā kihi o waho o nā auricle a me nā kuʻemaka, e pīpī nui ʻia me ka "paʻakai" keʻokeʻo.
He poepoe, ʻeleʻele nā maka ʻeleʻele o ka Binturong me nā cilia curly pōkole a me nā niho 40 me nā niho canine 1.5-centimeter. He pepeiao pepeiao poepoe ko ka pōpoki, ma luna o nā lauoho lōʻihi e ulu ana. ʻAʻole maikaʻi nā maka a me ka lohe ʻana o Binturong e like me ko lākou honi a hoʻopā. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pono ka holoholona i kēlā me kēia mea hou, e hoʻohana ana i kāna vibrissae lōʻihi no ka hoʻopā.
Ka nohona ola, hana
He holoholona holoholona pō ʻo Binturong, akā ua aʻo ka pili kokoke i ka poʻe iā ia e ʻeleu i ka lā. Makemake ʻo Catfish i ka mehameha, e hoʻohuli wale nei no ka hānau hou: i kēia manawa hana lākou i nā pālua a hui pū i nā kaiāulu nui, kahi e alakaʻi ai ka wahine. Noho ka pōpoki i nā kumu lāʻau, kōkua nui ʻia e ka anatomy o nā mākala / iwi i loko o ka kāʻei poʻohiwi, ʻo ia ke kuleana no ka neʻe ʻana o nā wāwae mua.
Mea nui! Hoʻonohonoho pū ʻia nā lālā i kahi ala hoihoi: ua hoʻopili ʻia nā mea mua no ka ʻeli ʻana, ka piʻi ʻana, ka lālau ʻana a me ka wehe ʻana i nā hua, a ʻo nā mea hope i mea kākoʻo a kaulike ke hāpai.
Ke piʻi a lele paha i luna o ka lālā, hoʻohana ka binturong i nā manamana wāwae o nā ʻūlū mua (me ke kūʻē ʻole), ʻokoʻa i nā manamana wāwae ma nā wāwae hope. Hiki i ka pōpoki ke hoʻohuli i kona mau wāwae hope (ma ke ʻano he kūlana, ke hele i lalo i lalo) i mea e pili ai i ka pahu me kāna mau māiʻuʻu.
Hoʻopaʻa pū ʻia ka manuahi manuahi i ka hoʻomaikaʻi i ka huelo prehensile, ka mea e mālama mālie i ka binturong e kolo nei ma nā pahu a me nā lālā (a ʻaʻole e lele e like me nā civerrids ʻē aʻe). I ka iho ʻana i ka honua, ʻaʻole wikiwiki ka mea ʻaihue, akā loaʻa ka ʻeleu i manaʻo ʻole ʻia, e loaʻa ana iā ia iho i loko o ka wai, kahi e hōʻike ai i nā mākaukau maikaʻi o kahi ʻauʻau a me kahi mea luʻu.
Hoihoi ia! Lawe ʻia kahi huna aila (civet) mai nā endocrine glands, kahi e hoʻohana ʻia ai i ka ʻaʻala e hāʻawi i ka hoʻomau ʻana i nā ʻala o nā mea ʻala a me nā mea ʻala. ʻO ka manaʻo o ka huna o ka binturong ʻaʻala e like me ka popcorn palai i manaʻo ʻia he controversial.
I ka hihiu, nā ʻala ʻala (waiho ʻia e nā kāne a me nā wahine) e hana ma ke ʻano he identifier, e haʻi ana i nā hoa ʻohana e pili ana i ka makahiki o ka Binturong, kāna kāne, a me ka mākaukau no ka male ʻana. Ke kaha nei i nā lālā kū i luna, kaomi ka holoholona i nā glands anal iā ia, e huki ana i ke kino i luna. Kahi like ʻia nā lālā diagonal - moe ka holoholona ma kona kua, uhi ka lālā me nā ʻūpā mua a huki iā ia iho, e kaomi ana i nā aʻa.
Kākau nā kāne i ka ʻāina me ka mimi, hoʻuluʻu i ko lākou mau wāwae / huelo, a laila piʻi i kahi kumulāʻau... Loaʻa i nā holoholona i kahi pā kani leo nui, a, me ka hū ʻana o ka feline māʻona, e komo pū ana me nā uwē, nā ʻūlū ʻana a me nā namunamu aloha ʻole. Wahi a nā mea ʻike maka i ka māʻona ʻo binturong i ke ola hiki ke ʻakaʻaka, a hiki i kahi mea hoʻonāukiuki ke ʻuā nui.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola o ka Binturong?
Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, ola nā lunamaka o nā lāhui ma kahi o 10 mau makahiki, akā hoʻonui lākou i ka manawa o ka noho ʻana ma ka honua e 2-2.5 mau manawa ke hāʻule lākou i nā lima maikaʻi - i nā ona ponoʻī a i ʻole nā zoo mokuʻāina. ʻIke ʻia e mālama ʻia ʻo Binturongs i nā paka zoological ma Berlin, Dortmund, Duisburg, Malacca, Seoul a me Sydney. I nā zoo ma Thailand, ua aʻo nā pōpoki i ke kiʻi ʻana i mua o ka pahupaʻikiʻi a kū i nā wā paʻi kiʻi lōʻihi, e ʻae ana iā lākou iho e hao a kaomi ʻia no nā hola.
Hoihoi ia! Noho nā holoholona ma ko lākou mau lima, a piʻi pinepine aʻe ma ka ʻāʻī a me nā poʻohiwi o nā malihini kipa, a ʻaʻole loa e hōʻole i kahi mālama. Hānai nā mākaʻikaʻi i nā pōpoki me ka maiʻa a me nā meaʻono (marshmallow, muffins, nā pai momona a me nā waiū waiū).
Hoʻonāukiuki nā kālīpī wikiwiki i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka glucose koko, no ka mea hoʻomaka nā holoholona e lele wikiwiki a holo, akā naʻe, ke pau ka recharge (maʻamau ma hope o hoʻokahi hola), hāʻule lākou a hiamoe ma kahi.
Dimorphism moekolohe
I ka wahine makua, ʻike maopopo ʻia ʻelua mau pālua. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne a he nui, like-like clitoris. ʻO kēia hiʻohiʻona o nā genital wahine ma muli o ke ʻano o ka clitoris, i loaʻa ka iwi. Hoʻohui ʻia, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka dimorphism moekolohe i ke kala - kala ʻia nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne (ʻaʻole ʻeleʻele a hina hoʻi).
Nā ʻāpana ʻo Binturong
Aia i ka hoʻokokoke ʻana, aia he 9 a 6 paha nā mea kōkua iā Arctictis binturong... E kamaʻilio pinepine e pili ana i ʻeono, ʻoiai kekahi o nā ʻāpana i manaʻo ʻia, e laʻa me A. b. ʻo kerkhoveni mai Indonesia a me A. keʻokeʻo mai ka ʻĀina Pilipino (hui mokupuni ʻo Palawan) he mau wahi haiki loa.
ʻO nā ʻohana ʻeono i ʻike ʻia o binturong:
- A. binturong albifrons;
- A. binturong binturong;
- A. binturong menglaensis;
- A. binturong kerkhoveni;
- A. binturong whitei;
- A. binturong penicillatus.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
He kamaʻāina ʻo Binturong ma Hikina Hema Asia. Ma aneʻi e hoʻonui ʻia kona pae mai India a i nā mokupuni ʻo Indonesia a me Pilipino.
Nā ʻāina kahi i kū ai ʻo binturong:
- Bangladesh a me Bhutan;
- Kina, Kambodia a me ʻInia;
- ʻInidonesia (Java, Kalimantan a me Sumatra);
- Repubalika o Lao;
- Malaysia (Malacca Peninsula, nā mokuʻāina ʻo Sabah a me Sarawak);
- Myanmar, Pilipino a me Nepal;
- ʻO Thailand a me Vietnam.
Noho ka poʻe Binturong i nā wao akua.
Papaʻai diet Binturong
He papa ʻaʻano ʻano ʻokoʻa kā ka bea bea, inā hoʻomanaʻo ʻoe no ka mea ʻaihue ia: 70% nā mea ulu a he 30% wale nō o nā protein holoholona.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻike ʻia ka papaʻai o ka Binturongs e kahi ʻano hoʻonui i hoʻonui ʻia, i wehewehe ʻia e ko lākou mākau ākea - piʻi nā holoholona i nā kumulāʻau, neʻe i ka ʻāina, ʻauʻau a luʻu kupaianaha hoʻi. Huki pinepine ʻo Binturongs i kā lākou ipu punahele, nā huaʻai, ʻaʻole me kā lākou mau wāwae, akā me ko lākou huelo.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO nā mea kolo, nā rana, nā iʻa, nā molluscs, nā crustacea a me nā carrion nā mea hoʻolako i nā protein holoholona. Hoʻopau nā Binturongs i nā pūnana manu ma ka ʻai ʻana i nā hua a me nā moa.
Pōloli, hiki iā lākou ke hele i loko o nā hale o kānaka, akā ʻaʻole kaua ʻia ka poʻe. I ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana, noho mau ka lakio o nā mea kanu i nā mea holoholona: ʻo ka hapa nui o ka papa kuhikuhi e paʻa ʻia e nā hua kō e like me ka maiʻa, nā peach a me nā cherry. Ke mālama ʻia i loko o nā zoo a ma ka home, hāʻawi ʻia iā Binturongs kā lākou mau hua manu quail punahele a me nā ʻūmū moa / kūpaki a me nā iʻa. Mai poina i nā pōpoki he mau māmele, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻaʻole lākou e hāʻawi i ka waiū porridge.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Mālama ka fiva aloha i nā Binturongs e hele i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa, ma ʻō aku o nā kau... ʻO ka moekolohe ka mea e mua ʻia e nā pāʻani moena walaʻau me ka holo a me ka lele ʻana. Ke pili, hoʻopili ka wahine i ke kino o ka hoa, e kaomi ana i kāna huelo i ke kumu o kāna huelo. Ma mua o ka hānau ʻana, hoʻomākaukau ka wahine i ka pūnana ma kahi i hilinaʻi pono ʻia mai nā ʻenemi, pinepine i ka lua. Mālama ka hāpai ʻana i nā lā 84–99, a ʻo ka nui o nā hānau hānau i Ianuali - ʻApelila.
Hoihoi ia! Hānau ka wahine i 1 a 6 (ma ka awelika ʻelua) mau keiki kuli makapō, ʻoi aku ke kaumaha o kēlā me kēia ma kahi o 300 g. Hiki i nā keiki hānau hou ke ʻūlū a hāwele, a ma hope o hoʻokahi hola pili lākou i ka umauma o ka makuahine.
Ma nā 2-3 mau makahiki o ka makahiki, hoʻomaka ka ʻike ʻana o nā pēpē a hiki ke kolo i waho o ka pūnana, me ka makuahine. Ma o 6-8 mau pule, loaʻa lākou i 2 kg o ke kaupaona: i kēia manawa, kū ka makuahine i ka lactation, a hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hānai i nā keiki me nā meaʻai paʻa.
Ma ke ala, ʻaʻole kipaku ka wahine o ka binturong i ke kāne ma hope o ka hānau ʻana (ʻaʻole ia he ʻano maʻamau no nā viverrids), a kōkua ʻo ia iā ia e mālama i ka ʻohana. Ke haʻalele nei i ka pūnana, hōʻailona kekahi mau wahine i kā lākou keiki. Loaʻa ka hānau ʻana i nā wahine e 30 mau mahina, i nā kāne ma mua iki - e 28 mau mahina. Hana mau nā hana hoʻohua i nā ʻelele o ka laha i 15 mau makahiki.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
E like me nā wyverds he nui, nā binturongs, keu hoʻi nā ʻōpio a me nāwaliwali, e hoʻoweliweli ʻia e nā mea ʻaihue nui ʻāina / hulu.
- nā leopadi;
- tigers;
- jaguars;
- ʻalā;
- ʻōpala;
- ʻīlio hānai;
- nahesa.
Akā hiki i kahi makua makua ʻo Binturong ke kū i luna nona iho. Inā ʻoe e hoʻokau iā ia i kahi kihi, huhū loa ʻo ia a nahu me ka ʻeha loa.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Ua komo ʻo Arctictis binturong i loko o ka International Red List of Vulnerable status a aia ma Appendix III o ka CITES Convention. ʻIke ʻia ka ʻano palupalu ma muli o ka emi o 30% o ka heluna kānaka i nā makahiki 18 i hala. ʻO nā mea hoʻoweliweli nui ka luku ʻana i ka nohona (deforestation), ka hopu holoholona a me ke kālepa ʻana. Ke hoʻololi nei nā wahi noho maʻamau o ka Binturong i ko lākou kumu, no ka laʻana, hoʻololi ʻia i mau māla ʻaila.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka laulā (ʻĀkau Hikina Hema a me Kina), alualu ʻole ʻia ka hopu holoholona ʻana a me ke kālepa ʻana o binturongs.... Eia kekahi ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau, e like me. Borneo, he nalowale o nā ululāʻau. Ma Pilipine, hopu ola ʻia nā holoholona no ke kūʻai hou aku, no ke kumu like e ʻimi ʻia ai lākou ma Vientiane.
I ka Lao Republic, kūʻai ʻia nā binturongs ma ke ʻano he kamaʻāina o nā zoo ponoʻī a me nā hale manu, a ma kekahi mau wahi o ka Lao PDR, manaʻo ʻia ka ʻiʻo popoki i mea ʻai. Ma Vietnam, kūʻai ʻia nā holoholona no ka mālama ʻana i nā hale a me nā hōkele, a me ka luku pū, ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻiʻo no nā hale ʻaina a me nā mea pono o loko i hoʻohana ʻia i nā lāʻau lapaʻau.
Hoihoi ia! Ua pale ʻia ʻo Binturong e ke kānāwai ma nā mokuʻāina ʻē aʻe. I India, ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka laha i CITES Appendix III mai ka makahiki 1989 a ua helu ʻia i loko o ka puke ʻulaʻula Kina ke ʻaneʻane pau.
Hoʻohui ʻia, helu ʻia ʻo binturong ma ka Wildlife / Protection Act of India Jadual I, ʻo ia hoʻi ke kūlana mālama kiʻekiʻe loa no nā ʻano āpau. Pale ʻia ʻo Arctictis binturong ma Thailand, Malaysia a me Vietnam. Ma Borneo, ua helu ʻia kēia ʻano ma ka Papa Hōʻike II o ke Kānāwai Kuleana Meaola ʻo Sabah (1997), e ʻae ana i ka hopu holoholona binturong me kahi laikini.
Pale pale ʻia nā holoholona i Bangladesh mahalo i ke Kānāwai Puʻuhonua Kino (2012). ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻaʻole i kau ʻia e nā luna o Brunei kahi ʻāpana o ke kānāwai e kākoʻo ana i nā hana o nā hui kaiaulu e pale aku iā Binturong.
