ʻO Coho salmon kekahi o nā iʻa kālepa maikaʻi loa ma ka Pākīpika Komohana Komohana. Makemake nui ʻia ʻo Coho salmon e nā lawaiʻa no ka lawaiʻa maʻalahi a maikaʻi hoʻi, a me ka ʻiʻo momona.
Hōʻike o coho salmon
He iʻa kēia nona kahi manawa noho pōkole o ka moana, a ʻoi aku ka makemake i ka wai mehana.... He nui nā hiʻohiʻona o ka coho salmon e hoʻokaʻawale iā ia mai nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka salmon Pakipika. ʻO nā kānaka liʻiliʻi e hāpai ana i nā ʻōpio i nā gums keʻokeʻo, nā alelo ʻeleʻele a me nā wahi liʻiliʻi he nui ma hope. I ka wā o ka moana, silvery ko lākou kino, me ka uliuli metala hoʻi, oblong i ke kinona, pālahalaha ma ka ʻaoʻao. ʻO ka huelo squat o ka salepona coho ākea ma ke kumu me nā kiko ʻeleʻele e heleleʻi ana ma luna o ka ʻilikai, ma ka maʻamau ma luna. Nui ke poʻo, conical i ke ʻano. I ka neʻe ʻana i ka wai kai, hoʻomohala nā kohola kohola i nā niho liʻiliʻi a ʻoi.
Hoihoi ia!ʻO ke kaulike kaulike o nā mākua mai 1.9 a 7 kilokilo. Akā ʻaʻole iʻa mau ka iʻa ma waho o kēia pae, ʻo ia hoʻi ma ka Northern British Columbia a me ʻĀkia. ʻO nā kāne hānau liʻiliʻi, 25 a 35 mau kenimika ka lōʻihi, ʻike ʻia ʻo jacks.
Hoʻi lākou i ko lākou kahawai kūpuna i hoʻokahi makahiki ma mua o nā mākua ʻē aʻe. Aia i ka pae o ke ola, hoʻololi kēia mau iʻa i ko lākou ʻano iho. I ka wā e hānau keiki, hoʻomohala nā kāne kāne makua i ka ihu kuʻikuʻi like ʻole, a hoʻololi ke kino o ke kino i ka ʻulaʻula. Aia kahi puʻu nui ma hope o ke poʻo o ka iʻa, pālahalaha hou ʻia ke kino. Ke helehelena o ka wahine undergoes liʻiliʻi loa, aneane ʻike ʻia nā loli.
Helehelena
Kāhea ʻia ʻo Coho salmon he salmon kālā a loaʻa i kahi kua uliuli a i ʻole ʻōmaʻomaʻo me nā ʻaoʻao kālā a me ka ʻōpū māmā. Noho ka iʻa i ka hapakolu o kona ola i ke kai. I loko o kēia wā, he kala ʻokoʻa kona me nā kiko ʻeleʻele liʻiliʻi ma ka ʻaoʻao hope a me luna o ka huelo. Ke hele nei i loko o ka wai hou i ka wā e hānau ai, loaʻa ke kino o ka iʻa i kahi ʻeleʻele, ʻulaʻula-burgundy kala i nā ʻaoʻao. Hoʻomohala nā keiki kāne spawning i kahi mū meli i hoʻopili ʻia a hoʻonui ʻia i ko lākou mau niho.
Ma mua o ka neʻe ʻana o ka poʻe ʻōpio i loko o ke kai, nalowale lākou i nā kiʻi o nā kaha kū i luna a me nā kiko e pono ai no ka camouflage i ka wai kai hoʻi. I ka hoʻihoʻi, loaʻa iā lākou kahi kala ʻeleʻele o ka hope a me ka ʻōpū māmā, pono no ka camouflage i nā ʻāina kai.
Ka nohona ola, hana
ʻO ka iʻa kolo salmon kahi ʻelele anadromous o ka holoholona. Hānau ʻia lākou i loko o ka wai wai hou, hoʻolilo i hoʻokahi makahiki i nā kahawai a me nā kahawai, a laila neʻe i ka moana kai o ka moana e ʻimi i nā meaʻai no ka ulu a me ka ulu ʻana. ʻO kekahi mau neʻe e neʻe ana ma mua o 1600 mau kilomita i ka moana, ʻo kekahi e waiho ana i ke kai kokoke i ka wai hou kahi i hānau ʻia ai. Hoʻolilo lākou i hoʻokahi makahiki a me ka hapa ka hānai ʻana i ke kai, a laila hoʻi i ko lākou waihona wai wai kūpuna no ka hānau ʻana. Hana maʻamau kēia i ka hoʻoilo a i ka hoʻoilo mua.
Hoihoi ia!ʻAʻole hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻole ʻia ka make ʻana o ka salmon coho. Ma hope o ko lākou hanau hou a make ʻana, hana ko lākou kino i kumuwaiwai waiwai a waiwai nui no ke kaiaola o ke kino wai. Hōʻike ʻia nā kupapaʻu i haʻalele ʻia e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ulu a me ke ola ʻana o nā sālona i hāhā ʻia e ka hoʻolauna ʻana i nā hui nitrogen a me nā phosphorus i loko o nā kahawai.
Kaupaona mau ʻia ka salemona mākua 3.5 a 5.5 mau kilokilo a 61 a 76 paha mau kenimika ka lōʻihi. Hana ʻia ke ʻano moekolohe ma waena o nā makahiki o 3 a me 4 mau makahiki. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wā ʻōpio, hiki mai ka manawa o ka male ʻana a me ka hānau ʻana. ʻEli ka wahine i nā pūnana ʻiliʻili ma lalo o ke kahawai, kahi e waiho ai i nā hua manu. Hoʻokomo ʻo ia iā lākou no 6-7 mau pule, a hānau ka hua. Make nā salmon coho āpau ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. Noho ka mauʻu hou i loko o nā pāpaʻu pāpaʻu o ka ʻiliʻili a hiki i ke komo ʻana o ka ʻeke yolk.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o ka salmon coho
E like me nā ʻano salmon Pasifika a pau, he pōʻai ola anadromous ka coho salmon.... ʻO ke ola maʻamau he 3 a 4 mau makahiki, akā make paha kekahi mau kāne i loko o ʻelua mau makahiki. Ke kū nei mai ke kahua manu i ka wā hoʻoilo, hānai ka ʻōpio i nā mea kolo liʻiliʻi no hoʻokahi makahiki ma mua o ka neʻe ʻana i ka moana. Noho lākou i ʻelua mau makahiki i ke kai, e hoʻonui nei i ko lākou ulu ʻana i ka makahiki i hala. Ke pala, pani lākou i ka pōʻai ma ka neʻe ʻana i ko lākou wai natal e hoʻopau ai i ko lākou ola ma o ka hānau ʻana. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana ʻana, make ka poʻe mākua i ka wī, a lilo ko lākou kupapaʻu i iwi hope o ka pōʻaiapona o ke kaiaolaola i ke kahawai.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
ʻO ka mōʻaukala, ua pālahalaha ka nui o ka salmon coho ma ka nui o nā kahawai kai o Central a me Kaleponi ʻĀkau, mai ka muliwai ʻo Smith kokoke i ka palena ʻo Oregon a hiki i ka muliwai ʻo San Lorenzo, Kalana ʻo Santa Cruz, ma ke kapakai waena o Kaleponi. ʻIke ʻia kēia iʻa ma ka Moana Pākīpika ʻĀkau a ma ka hapa nui o nā kahawai kahakai mai Alaska a i waena o Kaleponi. Ma ʻAmelike ʻĀkau, he mea maʻamau ia ma nā kahakai mai ka Hikina Hema o ʻAmelika a i waena o Oregon. Aia nā mea he nui ma Kamchatka, iki ma ka mokupuni Commander. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻena lehulehu ka hiʻona o ke kapakai ʻo Kanada.
Hoihoi ia!I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua emi nui ka hāʻawi a me ka nui o nā heluna salemona. ʻIke ʻia ia i ka nui o nā ʻōnaehana muliwai nui, a he nui nā ala hānau e hoʻēmi nui ʻia i ka nui a hoʻopau ʻia i nā kahawai he nui.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka laulaha, aia ʻo coho salmon ma kahi o nā kahawai o Kapalakiko a me nā wai he nui i ka hema o ke kai kūʻono. Pili paha kēia i nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole o ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka noho kūlanakauhale a me nā hoʻololi anthropogenic ʻē aʻe i nā wai a me nā wahi iʻa. Noho ʻo Coho salmon ma nā kahawai kahakai liʻiliʻi a me nā kahawai nui e like me ka ʻōnaehana ʻo Klamath River.
ʻO kaʻai Coho salmon
I nā kūlana wai hou, hoʻopau ka salmon coho i ka plankton a me nā kolo. I ke kai, hoʻololi lākou i kahi papaʻai o nā iʻa liʻiliʻi e like me ka herring, gerbil, anchovies a me sardines. ʻAi pinepine nā mākua i nā ʻōpio o nā ʻano salemona ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia hoʻi ka salemona ʻākala a me ka salemona chum. ʻOkoʻa nā ʻano iʻa i ʻai ʻia e like me ka nohona a me ka manawa o ka makahiki.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Komo ka salmon coho salmon i loko o ka wai wai no ka hānau ʻana mai Kepakemapa a Ianuali.... Lōʻihi loa ka huakaʻi, neʻe nui ka iʻa i ka pō. Ma nā kahawai kahakai pōkole ʻo Kaleponi, hoʻomaka ka neʻe ʻana i ka waena ma Nowemapa a hoʻomau a waena o Ianuali. Neʻe ʻo Coho salmon i uka ma hope o ka ua nui, e hōʻike ana i nā kahakai i hiki ke hana ma nā wahi wai o nā kahawai kahakai ʻo Kaleponi, akā hiki ke komo i nā kahawai nui.
I nā kahawai ʻo Klamath a me Eel, hana pinepine ka hānau ʻana i Nowemapa a me Kekemapa. Koho pinepine nā wahine i nā pūnaewele hānau me nā mea hoʻoulu lepo a maikaʻi. Ua ʻeli lākou i nā pūnana hoʻomaha ma ka huli ʻāpana ʻana i ko lākou ʻaoʻao. Ke hoʻohana nei i ka neʻe ikaika o ka huelo, ua hoʻokau ʻia ka ʻiliʻili a lawe aku i kahi mamao i lalo o ke kahawai. ʻO ka hana hou ʻana i kēia hana e hana i kahi kaumaha oval nui e lawa ai ka wahine makua. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā hua a me ka milt (sperm) i ka pūnana, kahi ma muli o ka hydrodynamics noho lākou a hūnā ʻia lākou.
Ma kahi o hoʻokahi haneli a ʻoi paha mau hua e waiho ʻia i kēlā me kēia pūnana o kahi salmon wahine coho. Kanu ʻia nā hua momona i ka ʻiliʻili i ka wā e ʻeli pono ai ka wahine i kahi kaumaha ʻē aʻe i uka, a laila hana hou ke kaʻina. Hoʻokahi paha hebedoma e hana ana i ka ʻōnuha, a ma ka manawa e waiho ai ka coho i ka huina o 1,000 a 3,000 mau hua. Hāʻawi nā ʻano o ka wahi a me ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka pūnana i ka aeration maikaʻi o nā hua manu, nā embryos a me ka waiho ʻana o ka ʻōpala.
Hoihoi ia!Pili ka inubation i ka mahana o ka wai. Hoʻomoʻa nā hua ma hope o 48 mau lā ma 9 degrees Celsius a me 38 mau lā ma 11 degrees Celsius. Ma hope o ka hatching, translucent ka lāʻau silt i ke kala.
ʻO kēia ka pae maʻalahi loa o ke ola o ka salepona coho, kahi hiki ke kanu ʻia i ka silt, ke anuanu, ke kāwili nei me ka neʻe ʻana o ka ʻiliʻili, hoʻomaloʻo a me ka predation. Noho mau ʻo Alevins ma ke ākea ma waena o ka ʻiliʻili no ʻelua a ʻumi mau pule a hiki i ke komo ʻana o kā lākou ʻeke yolk.
I kēia manawa, loli ko lākou kala i kahi kīʻaha maʻamau. ʻO nā kala kala Fry mai ke kālā a i nā aka gula, me nā kaha nui, kūlou, oval a me nā pouli ma ka laina o ke kino. Ua ololi lākou ma mua o nā āpau kala nui e hoʻokaʻawale ana iā lākou.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻEhaʻeha ka heluna o ka salmon coho i nā loli o ke kai a me ke aniau, nalowale kahi noho ma muli o ka hoʻolālā kūlanakauhale a me ke kūkulu wai. ʻO ka hōʻino ʻana o ka maikaʻi o ka wai, hoʻonāukiuki ʻia e ka mahiʻai a me nā hana lohi, a me nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole.
Hoʻokomo pū nā hana mālama i ka hemo ʻana a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā dam e kāohi i ka neʻe ʻana o ka salemona. Hoʻomaka hou ʻia nā wahi hoʻohaʻahaʻa, loaʻa nā wahi noho nui, ke hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia o ka maikaʻi o ka wai a me ke kahe.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
ʻO ka manaʻo nui o ka makahiki 2012 no ka heluna nui o Alaskan i hōʻike i ka ʻikepili ma luna o ka awelika... ʻOkoʻa ke kūlana o ka coho salmon populations ma Kaleponi a me ka Pacific Northwest. Mai ka 2017, hoʻokahi wale nō ʻano o kēia mau iʻa i helu ʻia i loko o ka Red Book e pili ana i ka ʻaneʻane pau.
ʻO nā kumu o kēia mau hōʻemi e pili nui ana i ke kanaka a he nui a pili pū, akā hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻekolu mau ākea ākea:
- nalo o kahi kūpono kūpono;
- lawaiʻa loa;
- nā ʻano pae e like me ke kai a me ka ua nui.
ʻO nā hana a ke kanaka e pili pū ana me ka emi ʻana o nā salmonid, ʻo ia nō ka waiwai nui o nā waiwai kai a me ka lilo a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ʻana o nā wai wai hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia a me nā estuarine. Ua kupu mai kēia kūlana ma muli o nā loli o ka ʻāina a me nā kumuwaiwai e pili ana i ka mahiʻai, ulu lāʻau, hoʻoulu ʻana i nā ʻiliʻili, ka noho kūlanakauhale ʻana, ka lako wai a me ka hoʻoponopono muliwai.
Waiwai kālepa
He māka waiwai ʻo Coho salmon i ka moana a me nā kahawai. ʻO ka iʻa ʻekolu kēia o ka pakuhi ʻike momona, ma mua o ʻelua mau mea kūʻē - sockeye salmon a me chinook salmon. Paʻahau ka iʻa i ka paʻakai, paʻakai ʻia, hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka meaʻai kēpau mai ia mea. Eia kekahi ma kahi pāʻoihana, hoʻohana ʻia ka momona a me nā ʻōpala e hana i ka palaoa hānai. Nui a hewahewa nā ala e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hopu i ka salemona coho. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka papa a me nā upena seine, a ʻo ka lawaiʻa lana hoʻi. Loaʻa i kēia mau loea i kā lākou mau pono ponoʻī a hāʻawi i kahi pīhoihoi i ka angler.
E hoihoi pū kekahi:
- Paʻu iʻa
- Iʻa Flounder
- Iʻa Trout
- Iʻa Mackerel
ʻO nā maunu wai maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia no ka salmon coho e komo pū me nā puna, keleawe a i ʻole nā ʻūlū kala. ʻO ka maunu i hoʻohana ʻia no ka heʻe ʻana o kēlā me kēia kanaka me nā hua a me nā ʻaukini.
