Ua kāhiko ʻia ʻo Arkhangelsk Pomors a me nā lawaiʻa Icelandic i ko lākou mau hale ma ke kau ʻana i nā poʻo wōlō maloʻo mai ke kaupaku, nona nā muzzles nunui i hoʻokipa ʻia e ka poʻe malihini.
Ka wehewehe ʻana o ka iʻa iʻa
ʻO kēia mau iʻa nunui e like me ka nahesa e like me nā puhi moray a me nā puhi, akā ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia lākou i ka pili loa me lākou.... Noho ʻo Catfish (Anarhichadidae) i ka wai mehana / anuanu o ka hemisphere ʻākau a pili i ka ʻohana o nā iʻa i hoʻopau ʻia o ke kauoha ʻo Perciformes.
Helehelena
He inoa haʻi ko ka iʻa-ʻo ka mea mua i hopu i kou maka ke hui aku me lākou nā wao ʻino weliweli o luna, e kū wale ana mai ka waha. ʻO nā iwi ā o ka iʻa, e like me ka hapanui o nā holoholona me ka paʻa o ka make, ua pōkole ʻia i mua, a kūlia nā mākia naue i ke ʻano o nā nodule. ʻAi kahi iʻa iʻa makua i kahi ʻōʻoki a i ʻole ka lawaiʻa lawaiʻa me ka hana ʻole, akā hoʻohana pinepine i kona mau niho no kāna kumu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia - nā pūpū pūpū a me nā pūpū. ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha e pīpī koke nā niho a hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki (maʻamau i ka hoʻoilo) e hāʻule i waho, e hāʻawi ana i nā mea hou i ossify loa ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina a me ka hapa.
Loaʻa i nā iʻa iʻa kahi kino elongated e kūlou ikaika ke neʻe. Ma ke ala, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka maʻalahi o ke kino, a me ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka lōʻihi, no ka lilo o nā pelvic fins. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o nā kūpuna mamao i loaʻa nā pelvic fin e hōʻike ʻia e nā iwi pelvic o nā iʻa lā o kēia lā e pili ana i ke kāʻei poʻohiwi. Loaʻa i nā iʻa iʻa iʻa nā lōʻihi lōʻihi ʻole, dorsal a me anal, a me nā ʻāpana pectoral fector like me ka fan. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke caudal fin (poepoe a ʻoki ʻia paha e like me ka iʻa ʻauheʻe lohi) mai ke koena o nā lau. Ke ulu nei kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona o ka iʻa i 2.5 m me ka nui o 50 kg.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ka nohona
“Ulu ka iwi poʻo a hina hina e like me ka ʻalani popopo. Hoʻohā like ka maka i ka ulcer mau, me nā lehelehe nunui i pehu i pā i kona ākea. Ma hope o nā lehelehe hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā ʻiʻo ikaika a me ka waha hohonu ʻole, me he mea lā e aneane ana e ale iā ʻoe no ka manawa pau ʻole ... "- Pēlā ʻo McDaniel, kahi Kanada i makaʻu ʻia e kahi monster i kahi hohonu 20-mika i ka wai o British Columbia, i haʻi e pili ana i kāna hui ʻana me kahi iʻa iʻa Pākīpika.
Alakaʻi nā pōpoki āpau i kahi ola o lalo: ma aneʻi lākou e ʻimi ai i ka meaʻai, ʻaʻole e hoʻowahāwahā i nā mea ola āpau. Me ka hoʻomaka o ke ahiahi, hele ka iʻa i ka hopu holoholona, i mea e hoʻi ai i kā lākou mau ana mālie i ka puka ʻana o ka lā. ʻO ke kokoke i ka hoʻoilo, ʻo ka hohonu loa o ka iʻa iʻa.
Hoihoi ia! Kūlike kūpono ka ulu ulu o nā iʻa ʻAkelanika i ka hohonu a lākou e mālama ai. I nā hohonu hohonu, ulu ka iʻa iʻa Keʻokeʻo i 7 mau makahiki i ka awelika a hiki i 37 cm, ke kahakai ʻo Barents Sea - a i 54 cm, ʻike ʻia - a 63 cm, a me ka polū - a i 92 cm.
ʻO ka iʻa iʻa i ʻike ʻia e ʻau aku i luna i ke kauwela ma mua o ka hoʻoilo, akā (ʻaʻole like me ka iʻa lipe) neʻe ia ma kahi mamao. Makemake ka pōpoki maʻamau e hoʻomaha i nā kaha pōhaku ma waena o nā limu, me ka hoʻohālike ʻana iā lākou ʻaʻole wale i ke kala (nā kahakaha transverse ma kahi kua hina), akā e nā haʻalulu o kahi kino e hele mālie nei. I nā hohonu, kahi e hoʻoikaika ai ka iʻa lope i ka hoʻoilo, huli a mae nā kaha a lilo i mea ʻike ʻole ʻole, a loaʻa i ke kala laulā kahi yellowness liʻiliʻi.
ʻAʻole ia he mea laka ke kapa ʻia ka iʻa iʻa i kapa ʻia ka ʻīlio hae (Anarhichas lupus): ʻo ia, e like me nā iʻa hou, hoʻohana pinepine i nā ʻiʻo ikaika, e pale ana iā ia iho mai nā ʻenemi huhū a me nā ʻenemi kūwaho. Mālama nā lawaiʻa kau i ka iʻa i hopu ʻia me ke akahele, ʻoiai lākou e kuʻi ikaika a nahu me ka ʻike ʻole.
Ehia mau iʻa e ola ana
Manaʻo ʻia he hiki i nā mākua i pakele hauʻoli i nā mea lawaiʻa ke ola i nā makahiki 18-20.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO ka iʻa iʻa he hoʻohālua passive. E hoʻonāukiuki i ka nahu ma ka koʻokoʻo wili, hoʻomāʻewaʻewa mua ʻia ka iʻa. Hōʻoia ka poʻe ʻike maka i ke kaulike ʻole o ka iʻa i ke kāomi ʻana i kahi poho ma luna o kahi pōhaku. No kēia ʻano hana, ua haku ʻia kahi inoa - hopu ʻia e ke kīkēkē ʻana.
Dimorphism moekolohe
ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne a ʻeleʻele i ke kala. Eia hou, ʻaʻohe pehu o nā wahine a puni ko lākou mau maka, ʻaʻole pehu ko lākou mau lehelehe, a hoʻoliʻiliʻi iki ka haʻi ʻana o ko lākou auwae.
Nā ʻano o nā iʻa
Aia nā ʻohana he 5 mau ʻano, ʻekolu o lākou (maʻamau, ʻike ʻia a me nā iʻa lūlū polū) e noho ana ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka Moana ʻAkelanika, a ʻelua (Far East a me nā puhi e like) i koho i nā wai ʻākau o ka Moana Pākīpika.
ʻO ka iʻa lipi (Anarhichas lupus)
ʻO nā mākaʻi o ka laha i lako me nā niho tubercular i hoʻomohala ʻia, kahi e hoʻokaʻawale ai i kēia iʻa iʻa mai ka kiko a me ka uliuli. Ma ka iwi ā lalo, hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā niho i hope loa, kahi e hiki ai ke lūlū pono i nā pūpū i ka loaʻa ʻana o kaomi counter mai ka iwi ā luna. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā iʻa i kaha ʻia ma mua o ka ʻike ʻia a me ka uliuli - ʻaʻole ulu nā hiʻohiʻona i ʻoi aku ma mua o 1.25 m me ke kaumaha o 21 kg.
Wolffish ʻike ʻia (Anarhichas ʻōpio)
Noho i kahi kūlana waena ma waena o ka iʻa luli polū a me nā kaha. ʻO ka iʻa i ʻike ʻia, ma ke ʻano he rula, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka onionio, akā ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka nui i ka polū, e ulu ana a i ka 1.45 m me ka nui o 30 kg. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻomohala ʻia ʻana o nā niho tubercular ma ka iʻa i ʻike ʻia ma mua o ka iʻa iʻa i kā ʻia, a ʻaʻole hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka lālani vomer ma ʻō aku o nā lālani palatine. Hoʻonani ʻia nā iʻa wolf i ʻike ʻia me nā ʻāpana ākea a me nā ʻeleʻele transverse, kahi e haki i nā wahi kaʻawale i ka wā o ka hoʻololi i ka wahi o lalo. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kiko mai kekahi i kekahi, a, inā hoʻohui lākou i nā ʻāpana, a laila i nā mea ʻokoʻa liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka iʻa iʻa i kaha ʻia.
ʻO nā iʻa polū (Anarhichas latifrons)
Hōʻike i ka nāwaliwali o nā niho tubercious, kahi i ʻoi aku ka pōkole o ka lālani vomer ma mua o nā lālani palatal, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi i nā iʻa iʻa ʻē aʻe. Ke lele nei ka iʻa iʻa makua i 1.4 mika me ka nui o 32 kg.
ʻIke ʻia e pili ana i nā iʻa i hoʻonani ʻia, ma ka liʻiliʻi 2 mika ka lōʻihi. Ua pena ʻia ka iʻa lele polū ʻaneʻane monochrome, i nā leo ʻeleʻele me nā kiko kikoʻī ʻole, nona ka hui ʻana i nā ʻāpana i aneane hiki ʻole ke ʻike ʻia.
Lū hikū hikina (Anarhichas orientalis)
Ulu ka wao kihi hikina ma kahi o 1.15 m. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ia ma waena o nā loiloi ʻAkelanika e kahi nui o ka vertebrae (86-88) a me nā kukuna i ka anal anal (53-55). Nui ka ikaika o nā niho tuberous, hiki i ke kanaka makua ke wāwahi i nā pūpū mānoanoa. ʻAʻole ma ʻō aku ka mau ʻāpana pouli i nā ʻōpio, akā ma ke kino: ke oʻo nā iʻa, luʻu lākou i nā wahi kūloko, a laila lilo ka maopopo a nalo i kahi kua paʻa.
ʻO ka iʻa lūlū (Anarhichthys ocellatus)
ʻOkoʻa loa ia mai ke koena o nā iʻa hihi, ʻo ia ke kumu i koho ʻia ai i loko o kahi genus kūikawā. I ke ʻano o ke poʻo a me ke ʻano o nā niho, like ka iʻa iʻa like me ka Hikina Hikina, akā he kino lōʻihi loa me ka helu nui (ma luna o 200) vertebrae a me nā kukuna i nā dorsal / anal fins.
ʻO nā iʻa like me nā ʻelala i loko o kahi mokuʻāina makua a hiki i ka 2.5 m. ʻO nā ʻōpio o nā laha e ʻoki loa ʻia i ka lōʻihi, akā ma hope e lilo nā ʻāpana i mau kikoʻī a mau ka mālamalama a hiki i ka hopena o ke ola iʻa.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
ʻO ka iʻa iʻa iʻa kai noho i nā wahi mehana a anuanu o ka hemisphere ʻākau.... Makemake ʻo Catfish i ka papa ʻaina a noho i kāna mau papa o lalo i kahi hohonu loa.
Uhi ka laulā o nā iʻa iʻa kūpeʻe:
- ka mahele komohana o ke Kai Baletika a me kekahi ʻāpana o ka ʻĀkau;
- Nā mokupuni ʻo Faroe a me Shetland;
- ʻĀkau o ke Kola Peninsula;
- Nolewai, ʻIkalani a me Greenland;
- Motovsky lāua ʻo Kola bay;
- Mokupuni Bear;
- ke kapakai komohana o Spitsbergen;
- Ke kahakai ʻo ʻAkelanika o ʻAmelika Hema.
Noho pū kēia ʻano iʻa iʻa ma ke kai ʻo Barents a me Keʻokeʻo. Kuhi ʻia nā neʻe ʻana o nā shoals a hiki i ke kapakai a neʻe i kahi hohonu (a i 0.45 km).
Hoihoi ia! Ua hopu ʻia ka iʻa wolf wawae ma kahi like me ka mea maʻamau (koe wale nō ke kai ʻo Baletika, kahi e komo ʻole ai), akā ma nā ʻāpana ʻākau ka ʻoi aku ka nui o ka manawa ma mua o nā mea hema. Ma waho o ke kahakai o Iceland, aia he iʻa iʻa lope 20 no kēlā me kēia iʻa i ʻike ʻia.
Noho ia, e like me nā iʻa iʻa ʻē aʻe, ma ka papa kuhikuhipuʻuone, akā ʻalo i ke kahakai a me nā limu, makemake e noho nui, a i ka hapalua kilomita, ka hohonu. Kūlike ka ʻāpana o ka iʻa lele polū me ka wahi o ka ʻīlio hihiu ʻino, akā ʻaʻole like me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, neʻe ʻoi aku ka neʻe ma kahi mamao a me nā ola i ka nui, a i 1 km, hohonu.
Loaʻa ka iʻa iʻa hikina loa ma Norton Bay, kokoke i ka Aleutian, Commander a me Pribylov Islands, a ma waho hoʻi o ke kahakai. Hokkaido (ma ka hema) a i nā kapakai hikina o Kamchatka (ma ka ʻākau). ʻIke ʻia nā puhi ʻōhuhu ma kahakai Pākīpika o ʻAmelika Hema mai Kaleponi a i Alaska (Kodiak Island).
ʻAi pīpī
ʻImi nā mea lūlū i nā iʻa huki mai nā pūʻā o nā pūpū / pūpū i hakahaka ʻia i kokoke i nā ana wai... Pono nā molars ikaika a me nā canine formidable e ka iʻa lū e wili i nā mea ola e ʻaʻahu ʻia i ka mea kaua i kapa ʻia a chitin paha.
Mea ʻai punahele o ka iʻa:
- crustacean, me nā ula;
- pūpū;
- ʻino kai;
- hōkū kai;
- nahenahe;
- jellyfish;
- he iʻa.
Hoihoi ia! Me kona mau niho ʻāhae, haehae ka iʻa i lalo o ka echinod germ, molluscs a me nā crustaceans i pili iā ia, a me kona mau niho e waimaka / haki i ko lākou pūpū a me nā pūpū. Ke hoʻololi nei i nā niho, wī a iʻa paha ka iʻa i ka mea pio i uhi ʻole ʻia me ka pūpū.
Loaʻa i nā ʻano iʻa iʻa kā lākou mau makemake gastronomic ponoʻī: ʻo kahi laʻana, ʻaʻohe hoihoi iki ka iʻa i kaha ʻia i ka iʻa, akā makemake nui i nā mollusks (i manaʻo ʻia he maunu maikaʻi loa ke lawaiʻa ʻana me nā lou). ʻO nā ʻono o ka iʻa i ʻike ʻia e like me nā ʻono o ka iʻa lope, koe wale nō ka mea i hilinaʻi ma mua i nā molluscs, a me nā mea hou aku echinod germ (starfish, ophiuria a me nā urchins kai)
ʻO ka iʻa iʻa hikina loa, e noho nei i nā kahakai kahakai, ʻai i nā echinod germ, molluscs, iʻa a me nā crustacean. Hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻano hānai o ka iʻa lūlū i nā jellyfish, nā jellies Comb a me nā iʻa: he holoholona laha ʻole nā holoholona ʻē aʻe (crustacea, echinod germ, a me nā mollusc) i kā lākou papaʻai. Mahalo i nā meaʻai lahilahi, ʻaʻole pau nā niho o ka iʻa lūlū polū, ʻoiai lākou e loli i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
I hoʻokahi manawa i ke ola holoʻokoʻa, kūpale kēlā me kēia kāne pōpoki kāne i kahi kaua e hoʻoholo ai i kona hopena: me kahi hopena kūleʻa, ua lanakila ke keonimana i kahi lede, nona ka kūpaʻa i mālama a hiki i kona hanu hope loa. ʻO nā kāne i loko o ia mau hakakā e kīkēkē ana i ko lākou poʻo, e nahu ana i ko lākou niho i ka hoa paio ma ke ala. Mālama nā lehelehe mānoanoa a me nā mānoanoa nui a puni nā maka i nā duelist mai nā ʻeha hohonu, akā mau nō ka wī ma ko lākou mau poʻo.
ʻOkoʻa ka spawning o nā ʻano iʻa iʻa i nā kikoʻī. Pua mai ka iʻa lipi wahine mai ka 600 a i ka 40 tausani mau hua (5-7 mm ke anawaena), e pili pū ana i kahi pōpō e pili ana i lalo. I nā wahi hema, hana ka lū ʻana i ka hoʻoilo, ma nā ʻākau ʻākau - i ke kauwela. Mālama nā kāne i ka lālau, akā ʻaʻole no ka lōʻihi, mai ka ulu ʻana o nā embryo a ulu a ʻōpio nui (17-25 mm) i ka puna wale nō.
Ma hope o ka hatching, piʻi ka fry mai ka lalo, e hoʻokokoke ana i ka ʻilikai o ke kai, akā e ulu ana a i 6-7 cm, hāʻule hou lākou i lalo a kokoke loaʻa ʻole i ka kolamu wai.
Mea nui! I ko lākou oʻo ʻana, ua pani ʻia kā lākou meaʻai maʻamau, plankton, e nā meaʻai a nā mākua, e like me ka pūpū, nā pā hermit, nā hōkū, nā pāpaʻi, nā ophiuria a me nā ʻino kai.
ʻIke ʻia ka iʻa lika 0.9-1.2 m ka lōʻihi mai ka 12 a 50 tausani mau hua, i like ke anawaena me nā hua o ka iʻa maʻamau. Hoʻokumu pū lākou i nā ʻūlū spherical, akā ʻo ka mea hope loa, ʻokoʻa nā ʻano o nā iʻa lipe, aia ma kahi hohonu (ma lalo o 100 m) a mamao aku mai kahakai. Piʻi ka piʻo i luna a noho mamao loa mai ke kapakai ma mua o ka palai o ka ʻīlio hae keʻokeʻo, a ʻo kā lākou hoʻololi ʻana i ka noho ʻana i lalo ka mea leʻaleʻa.
Hana kahi iʻa iʻa hulu wahine 1.12-1.24 m mai 23 a 29,000 mau hua (6-7 mm ke anawaena), e hua ana i ke kauwela, i ke kau a i ʻole ka puna, akā ʻaʻohe mea i loaʻa i ka lālau o nā laha. Kāhea ʻo Pomors i nā wahine kāne make i nā pōpoki lūlū, ʻoiai paʻa wale nā mea ʻike ʻole ʻia i ke Kai Barents. ʻAʻohe wikiwiki ka neʻe ʻōpio ʻōpio e neʻe i lalo ke ola, a ʻo ka iʻa mua i loaʻa i nā iʻa trawl ma mua o ka ulu ʻana a hiki i ka 0.6-0.7 m. Wahi a nā ichthyologists, ma kahi o 200 fry mai ke lāʻī paʻa i ke ola ʻōpio.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻAi ʻia nā iʻa moʻa kai āpau i nā iʻa wīwī ʻōpio, a hoʻoweliweli ʻia nā mākua e nā sila (i nā wai ʻākau) a me nā manō lalo nui, ʻaʻole huikau e ka nui o nā iʻa wolfish a me kā lākou mau niho ʻino weliweli.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
ʻOiai ka emi ʻana o ka lehulehu o nā iʻa wolffish āpau, ʻaʻole koʻikoʻi loa ko lākou kūlana i mea e hoʻoulu ai i nā ʻoihana mālama e papa inoa i nā ʻīlio ʻāpua i loko o ka puke Red. Akā ma muli o ka emi ʻana o ka helu ma muli o ka lawaiʻa ʻana, ua hoʻomaka nā mokuʻāina he nui e hoʻoponopono i nā lawaiʻa o nā iʻa.
E hoihoi pū kekahi:
- Iʻa hina
- Iʻa Sturgeon
- Salemona
- Salemona ʻākala
Waiwai kālepa
ʻO ka ʻiʻo wai loa, ʻoiai momona me ka huaʻai A, aia i loko o ka iʻa hihi polū, akā he ʻono nā mea i ʻike ʻia a me nā kaha onionio i nā ʻano like ʻole - palai, paila, puhi ʻia, paʻakai ʻia a hoʻomaloʻo ʻia. ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka caviar catfish ma mua o ka chum salmon, a he ʻono maikaʻi ke akepaʻa.
Hoihoi ia! Ma mua, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā poʻo, nā lau a me nā iwi o ka iʻa i hānai holoholona, e hoʻonui ana (i ka momona) o ka waiū o ka bipi, a hoʻololi ʻia ka bile i ke kopa. I kēia manawa mai nā ʻili o ka iʻa lele ʻike lākou i mau ʻeke, luna no nā kāmaʻa māmā, nā paʻa puke a me nā mea hou aʻe.
Aloha ʻia nā iʻa hikina hikina ma Sakhalin - he keʻokeʻo, momona a ʻono hoʻi ka meaʻai me ka ʻole o kahi parasite hoʻokahi. ʻAʻohe hana kalepa, akā hauʻoli ka poʻe lawaiʻa kūloko i ka hopu ʻana i ka iʻa ʻīlio (ʻo ke kāhea ʻia ʻana o ka iʻa ma aneʻi).
