Kaulana nui nā Beavers no ko lākou ʻike, akamai a me ka hana nui. A, me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo nō naʻe, i ka nānā mua ʻana, ʻano like ia me kahi holoholona maʻamau, kamaʻāina mai ka wā kamaliʻi, ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole mamao aku ka beaver mai kahi maʻalahi e like me ka mea. A ʻo ia kekahi o nā relict, nā holoholona kahiko maoli: ma hope o nā mea āpau, ʻike ʻia ka mua o kēia mau koʻokoʻo ma ka honua i ka wā Eocene, kahi kokoke 34 miliona mau makahiki mai ko mākou manawa.
Ka wehewehe ʻana o nā beaver
ʻO nā Beavers he holoholona semi-aquatic... Pili lākou i ka ʻohana beaver, a ʻo ia hoʻi, pili i ke kaʻina o nā rodents. ʻO ia ka nui o nā koʻokoʻo āpau i loaʻa i ka Old World a ʻo ka lua o ka nui ma ka honua ma hope o ka capybara, i kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo capybara.
Helehelena
Hiki ke lōʻihi o ke kino o ka beaver i 1.3 mau mika, ʻo kona kiʻekiʻe ma kahi o 30 cm, a aia kona kaumaha a 32 kg. He holoholona squat kēia, ua pōkole kona mau lālā, ʻelima mau manamana o kēlā me kēia, a ʻo nā wāwae hope, ka mea e hāpai i ka ukana nui i ka ʻauʻau ʻana, hoʻomohala ʻia ma mua o nā mua. Ma waena o nā manamana wāwae o kēia holoholona he mau membrane, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻomohala ʻia ma nā lālā hope. Mānoanoa nā kui, lawa ka ikaika a ikaika hoʻi.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO nā māiʻuʻu ʻelua ma nā lālā hope o nā beaver he ʻano bifurcated: hoʻohana ka holoholona iā ia e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i kona huluhulu i ke kāwili ʻana iā ia.
ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka beaver, kahi e hiki ai ke ʻike ʻole ʻia, he huelo pālahalaha a ākea ia i ke ʻano o ka hoe: ʻo kona lōʻihi ma kahi o 30 knm, a ʻo kona ākea a 13 cm. ʻO ka huelo holoʻokoʻa, me ke kumu o kona kumu, i hoʻopiha ʻia me ka huluhulu, ua uhi pono ʻia. nā scute horny nunui, ma waena o nā lauoho pōkole a me nā sparse e ulu ai, a ma ka midline o ka huelo aia kahi keel horny e holo ana mai kona piko a i ke kumu.
ʻO ka beaver, kūlike ʻole i ka hilinaʻi nui e hoʻohana ana i kona huelo ma ke ʻano he kope kope, ʻo ka mea maoli ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he hoeuli i ka ʻauʻau ʻana a me ka luʻu ʻana i lalo o ka wai. Liʻiliʻi nā maka o kēia holoholona, a ʻike liʻiliʻi ʻole ʻia kona mau pepeiao ākea a pōkole hoʻi ma muli o ka aneane huna loa ʻia ma lalo o ka huluhulu beaver manoanoa a manoanoa hoʻi. I ka manawa like, ʻo nā puka o ka pepeiao, e like me nā puka ihu o kēia mau holoholona, kahi hiʻohiʻona kupaianaha: pani lākou ma lalo o ka wai.
Hoʻololi pū ʻia nā niho o kēia mau koʻokoʻo i ka nohona semi-aquatic: hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā incisors mai ka waha o ka waha e nā mea ulu kūikawā ma nā lehelehe, e ʻae ai i ka beaver e ʻāwī ma lalo o ka wai. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka hulu o ka beaver e kahi awn i loko o ka lauoho ākea a me ka lauoho ākea a me ka undercoat mānoanoa, silky. Hiki ke kala i kona kala mai ka brownish-chestnut māmā i ka brown brown, akā i kekahi manawa ua ʻeleʻele hoʻi, kokoke i nā kānaka ʻeleʻele ke nānā aku. ʻO ka huelo a me nā wāwae o nā beaver he pigmentation ʻeleʻele.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Manaʻo ka beaver hilinaʻi loa i ka wai. Ma laila ʻo ia eʻauʻau ai a luʻu, ʻoiai ʻo ia ma ka ʻāina ke nānā aku ʻo ia i kahi holoholona kūpilikiʻi liʻiliʻi. I ka lā, hana ʻole kēia mau holoholona, hoʻomaka kā lākou hana hana i ke ahiahi a, ke kaukaʻi ʻia i ke kau a me ke ʻano o ke aniau, hoʻomau ʻia a 4-6 i ke kakahiaka. I ka hāʻule, ke ʻohiʻohi ʻia ʻana, hiki i nā beaver ke hana a hiki i ke awakea. I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻololi nā beavers i kā lākou hana maʻamau i kēlā me kēia lā a lilo i manawa no nā holoholona e alakaʻi ana i ka nohona diurnal. Akā inā hāʻule ka mahana o ka lewa ma lalo o -20 kekelē, a laila ʻaʻole lākou e haʻalele i ko lākou mau home.
Makemake nā Beavers e noho i loko o nā ʻohana: kāne, wahine a me kā lākou keiki i nā makahiki ʻelua i hala aku nei - 5-8 wale nō ka poʻe... ʻO ka pinepine o kēia mau holoholona, i ke koho ʻana i kekahi wahi, “hāʻawi” iā ia ma ka hoʻoilina i nā hanauna e hiki mai ana. Inā liʻiliʻi ka waihona wai, a laila hoʻokahi ʻohana o nā beaver a hoʻokahi holoholona paha i loaʻa ʻole kahi ʻelua e noho i loko. Ma nā kino wai nui, hiki i ka pūnaewele o ka ʻohana beaver ke hoʻonui i 2.9 km.
Hoʻāʻo ʻo Beavers e noho kokoke i ka wai a, inā lākou e hele i waho o ka ʻāina, liʻiliʻi iki lākou i ka neʻe ʻana ma mua o 200 mika mai ka waihona wai.
ʻO ka hale beaver kahi hale a i ʻole kahi wai paʻa, ka puka e komo ai i lalo o ka wai. E ʻeli ʻo Burrows i nā pali a kūpikipiki hoʻi a kuʻi ʻia me ka puka 4-5. ʻO ka lumi e noho ana, ka mea ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi mika i ka laulā a me 40-50 cm ke kiʻekiʻe, hoʻonohonoho ʻia i ka hohonu o ka nui o hoʻokahi mika, ʻoiai piʻi mau ka papahele 20 cm ma luna o ka wai.
Hoihoi ia! Inā hoʻomaka ka wai e hōʻea, no ka mea hoʻoweliweli ʻia ka hale i ka wai kahe, a laila ʻānai nā beaver i ka honua mai ke kaupaku a, i ka wā i huki ʻia ia, hoʻāla iki i ka papahele i kā lākou lua.
I kekahi manawa hoʻopau loa nā rodents i ke kaupaku i loko o ka lua, a ma kahi o lākou e hana ai i kahi papahele o nā lālā, no laila ke kūkulu nei i kahi ʻano transitional type, i kapa ʻia he semi-tent. Inā, no kekahi kumu, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻeli i kahi lua, no ka laʻana, inā pāpaʻu ka muliwai, a laila kūkulu nā beaver i mau hale, ʻo ia nā puʻupuʻu o nā kumu lāʻau brushwood i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka silt a i ʻole ka honua, ua uhi ʻia nā paia me ka silt holoholona a me ka pālolo no ka ikaika, no laila ke ʻano huli e like me kahi pā paʻa ʻole.
I ka manawa like, ma ka piko o ka hale aia kahi wehe no ka ea e komo ana i ka hale. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hau hau mua, hoʻopili nā holoholona i mau pālolo pālolo, a laila e hoʻopili pono i ko lākou mau hale, no ka hopena o kahi mahana maikaʻi i loko. Hōʻalo kēia i ka hau ʻana o ka wai i loko o nā manholes, i hiki ai i nā beavers ke haʻalele i ko lākou mau home a i ke anilā hau.
He holoholona maʻemaʻe a maʻemaʻe loa nā Beavers. ʻAʻole lākou e hoʻowahāwahā i kā lākou mau lua a me nā hale me nā koena o ka meaʻai a i ʻole nā ʻōpala ʻē aʻe o ko lākou ola. Inā hoʻomaka ka pae o ka waihona i ka loli i lalo a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi o ka manawa, kūkulu nā ʻohana beaver i nā pā wai, a kapa ʻia hoʻi nā wai wai, e hoʻāla a mālama i ka pae o ka wai i hāʻule ʻole ia ma lalo o nā puka i nā hale a i ʻole nā lua. I ka manawa pinepine, hoʻohana lākou i nā kumulāʻau hina i kumu no ka dam i ka wā e hiki mai ana, e uhi ana iā lākou me nā pahu lahilahi mai nā ʻaoʻao āpau, a me nā lālā a me nā brushwood a, pinepine, nā pōhaku. Mālama pū ʻia kēia mau hale āpau e ka pālolo a i ʻole ka silt.
No ka hana kūkulu ʻana a me ka hoʻomākaukau meaʻai, nunu nā mea beaver i ke kumu, a ma hope iho kikeke lākou iā lākou a ʻokiʻoki iā lākou: hoʻomaʻemaʻe lākou iā lākou i nā lālā, a laila hoʻokaʻawale i ka pahu i nā ʻāpana i ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka lawe ʻana i kahi o ka mālama a kūkulu paha. ʻO nā niho o ka beaver, ke ʻōnohi ʻo ia i kahi kumulāʻau, hana i ke kumu o ka pahiolo: hoʻomaha ka holoholona i ka ʻili lāʻau me kāna mau ʻūlū luna, a laila neʻe wikiwiki mai kēlā ʻaoʻao a i kēia ʻaoʻao me kona iwi ā lalo, a ʻelima a ʻeono paha neʻe ʻana i kēlā me kēia kekona.
Ma muli o ka hele ʻana o kēia mau holoholona i kahakai ma nā ala i hehi mua ʻia e lākou, a laila hoʻopiha lākou i ka wai a hana i nā canal beaver i kapa ʻia, kahi e hana ai nā mea bea i kahi paʻa o kā lākou meaʻai a me nā lako kūkulu. Pāpaʻu kēia mau kahawai - ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o 1 m, a ʻaʻole ākea - 40-50 cm, akā hiki i ko lākou lōʻihi ke piʻi i mau haneli mau mika. I ka manawa like, like ka maʻalahi o nā beaver me ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻemaʻe i nā auwai, a me ke kauoha i kā lākou lua a me ka hale. Kāhea ʻia kahi e noho ai a hana ai kēia mau holoholona i ke ʻano o ka beaver ma muli o ke ʻano o kona ʻano.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o nā beaver
I ko lākou nohona kūlohelohe, hiki i nā beaver ke ola mai 12 a 17 mau makahiki. I ka noho pio ʻana, ʻelua paha mau makahiki o ko lākou ola ʻana a mai 24 a 34 mau makahiki.
Dimorphism moekolohe
Ma waho, ʻokoʻa nā wahine o nā beaver mai nā kāne wale nō i ka nui iki aʻe a i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ka mea nui lākou i ka ʻohana o kēia mau holoholona.
Lāʻau Beaver
ʻOiai ʻo ka ʻohana 4 mau ʻohana a me nā ʻano he nui i pili i ka ʻohana beaver, ua make ka hapa nui o lākou, a hiki i kēia manawa wale nō nā holoholona mai ka genus o nā beaver i ola: ʻo ka beaver maʻamau a me ka beaver Kanada. A hiki i kēia manawa, ua manaʻo ʻia ka lua o lākou he subspecies o ka mea mua, akā ua hōʻike ʻia nā loiloi genetic he mau ʻano ʻokoʻa loa kēia.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO nā ʻano ʻelua o nā beaver o kēia au e like loa kekahi me kekahi, no laila ʻaʻole kūwaho ko lākou ʻokoʻa nui, akā he moʻokūʻauhau. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo he 48 mau chromosome a ka beaver maʻamau i kāna karyotype, ʻoiai he 40 wale nō ka beaver Kanada.
ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka crossbreeding ma waena o ka mea maʻamau a me ka beaver Kanada hiki ʻole a hiki i kahi e loaʻa ai nā ʻano ʻelua.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Ma mua, ua pālahalaha ka beaver maʻamau ma waena o ʻAsia a me ʻEulopa, ʻaʻole ma Kamchatka a me Sakhalin wale nō. Akā i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 20, ka hopu holoholona ʻole ʻole a me ka hana hoʻokele waiwai kanaka i alakaʻi ai i kahi hōʻemi nui o ka pae o kēia mau holoholona ma Eurasia. I kēia manawa, noho ka beaver maʻamau ma Scandinavia, ma nā wahi haʻahaʻa o ka Rhone ma Palani, i nā ipu o nā kahawai ʻo Vistula ma Polani a me ka Elbe ma Kelemania, ma ka ululāʻau a, hapa, nā ʻāpana steppe nahele o ka ʻaoʻao ʻEulopa o Lūkia, ma Belarus a me Ukraine. Loaʻa kēia mau holoholona i ka Northern Trans-Urals, ma kekahi mau kahawai ʻo Siberia, ma ka Teritori Khabarovsk a me Kamchatka. Ma ʻAsia, loaʻa ia ma Mongolia a me Kina komohana ʻākau.
Hoihoi ia! No kēia mau koʻokoʻo, he mea nui ia e loaʻa nā lāʻau deciduous a me nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi ma nā kapa muliwai, a me nā mea kanu wai a me nā kahakai e pili ana i nā mea kanu lau nahele.
ʻOi aku ka laulā o ka beaver Kanada: ʻaneʻane kokoke ia i ʻAmelika Hema, mai Alaska a me Kanada a hiki i ka ʻākau o Mexico kahi e hala ai kona palena me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Ua hoʻolauna ʻia kēia ʻano i Scandinavia, mai kahi i hele ai i Karelia a me ka moku ʻo Leningrad. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻokau ʻia ka beaver Kanada ma ke kahawai ʻo Amur, ma Sakhalin a me Kamchatka.
Makemake nā Beavers i nā kahawai kahe lohi, nā loko o ka oxbow, nā loko, nā loko, nāʻauwai, nā ʻauwai a me nā waikahe e like me nā wahi noho. Hoʻāʻo kēia mau holoholona e hōʻalo i nā kahawai wikiwiki a ākea hoʻi, a me nā kino wai pāpaʻu, e paʻa a paʻa loa i ka hoʻoilo.
Meaʻai Beaver
ʻAi wale nā Beavers i nā meaʻai kanu... ʻAi lākou i ka ʻili a me nā wana o nā kumulāʻau e like me aspen, birch, willow a me poplar, a me nā mea kanu lau nahele, kahi e like me ka wai līlia, iris, ʻohe a me ka cattail. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohana i ka ʻili a me nā wana o ka linden, hazelnut, elm a i ʻole ka cherry manu no ka meaʻai. Hoʻohana ʻia ka Alder a me ka ʻoka e nā beaver no nā hale, akā ʻaʻole ia i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he meaʻai. ʻAʻole e hōʻole kēia mau holoholona i nā acorn, ʻoiai ka mea maoli ʻaʻole lākou e ʻai i ka lāʻau ʻoka a me nā lālā. Ma ka awelika, ʻo ka nui o nā meaʻai e ʻai ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā e ka beaver a hiki i 20% o kona kaupaona.
I ka manawa like, ka pākēneka o ka lāʻau lāʻau a me nā mea kanu lau nahele i ka wā: ʻo ka mua ke kumu o ka papaʻai o nā beaver i ka hoʻoilo, akā i ke kauwela ʻai lākou i ka mauʻu hou. Mai ka hāʻule, ua mālama nei kēia mau holoholona i nā waihona lāʻau i hānai ʻia, kahi a lākou i waiho ai i lalo o ka wai, kahi e mālama ʻia ai a hiki i ka hopena o ka hoʻoilo, me ka nalo ʻole o ka waiwai o ka meaʻai. I mea e pale aku ai i ka meaʻai mai ka hau i ka hau, hoʻāʻo pinepine nā holoholona e hoʻohaʻahaʻa iā ia, no laila e pau nā lako meaʻai ma lalo o kahi pali kūpikipikiʻi e hoʻopili ana iā lākou. ʻAe kēia i nā beaver e hoʻohana iā lākou no ka meaʻai ʻoiai ma hope o ka uhi ʻia ʻana o ka waihona wai i ka papa o ka hau.
ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻai wale nā beaver i kekahi o nā ʻano lāʻau i loaʻa iā lākou, a inā pono lākou e hoʻololi i kahi meaʻai ʻē aʻe, loaʻa paha iā lākou nā pilikia olakino. Loaʻa kēia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka digestion i nā beaver me ke komo ʻana o nā microorganism i kā lākou digestive tract, i hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia e wāwahi i kekahi o nā ʻano lāʻau. A i mea e hiki ai iā lākou ke hoʻololi i kahi ʻano hānai hou, pono e liʻuliʻu ka manawa.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
I nā ʻohana o nā beaver, hana nui nā wahine a, ma ke ʻano he nui, ʻoi aku lākou ma mua o kā lākou mau hoa. ʻO ke kau moʻo no kēia mau holoholona mai ka hapa lua o Ianuali a i ka hopena o Pepeluali. Holo ka hāpai ʻana o Beaver mai 105 a 107 mau lā, e hopena ana ma ka 1 a i ka 6 cubs.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO ka inoa maʻamau no nā cubs o kēia ʻano he beaver, akā i waena o ka poʻe i kapa ʻia lākou he mau kittens. ʻO kēia ke kumu o nā kani a nā beaver liʻiliʻi e like ai me ka meow o ka pōpoki muted.
Hānau ʻia nā ʻōpuʻu hulu i ka hulu hipa a me ka maka hapa, ke hoʻi hou nei i ko lākou ʻike i nā lā mua o ke ola, a laila hiki iā lākou ke ʻike pono a hoʻokele i ke kaiapuni. Ma kahi o hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha mau lā ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, aʻo lākou e ʻauʻau: hoʻokuke ka wahine iā lākou mai kahi lua mahana i loko o kahi ala wai a aʻo i nā pēpē i nā mākau maʻamau o ka neʻe ʻana i ka wai.
Hānai ʻo ia i kāna mau keiki no iwakālua mau lā, a ma hope e hoʻomaka iki nā beaver e hānai iā lākou iho i nā mea kanu mea kanu: ʻo ka hapa nui nā lau a me nā koʻokoʻo o nā mea kanu lau nahele. Akā hānai mau ka wahine i nā keiki me ka waiū a ʻekolu mau mahina.
Noho ka poʻe beaver makua i ka lua o nā mākua a i ka hale paha no ʻelua mau makahiki ʻē aʻe, e aʻo ana i nā mākau kūpono no ka noho kūʻokoʻa ʻana, a ma ka manawa like e kōkua ai i ko lākou ʻohana makua. A ma hope wale nō o ko lākou wā ʻōpio e haʻalele ai i ko lākou "hale makuakāne" a hoʻomaka e ola i kahi ola kūʻokoʻa.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻOiai ke kūkulu nei nā beavers i nā hale i hiki ʻole i nā mea ʻaihue, ʻaʻole ia he manaʻo ʻaʻohe o lākou ʻenemi i ko lākou wahi maoli. ʻO ka makaʻi nui ke hōʻike ʻia kēia mau koʻokoʻo ma ka ʻāina, kahi i ʻoi aku ai ka liʻiliʻi o ka wikiwiki a me ka dexterous ma mua o ka wai. Eia nō naʻe, ʻewaʻewa ka poʻe ʻimi holoholona i nā beaver makua, akā ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻowahāwahā i nā ʻōpio. Ma waena o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā beaver maʻamau nā ʻīlio hae, nā ʻalopeke, nā bea ʻeleʻele, nā wolverine, nā lynxes, a me nā otters. ʻO Coyotes, cougars, ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele ʻAmelika, i kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo baribals, marten lawaiʻa, a i ʻole ilka, ʻaʻole i kūpale i ka ʻimi holoholona ʻana i nā beaver Kanada.
Ma nā wahi hema o kā lākou laulā, ʻo nā beaver Kanada, ʻoiai pinepine ʻole, hiki ke hoʻoweliweli ʻia e nā alligators ʻAmelika, a like pū lākou me ka weliweli no nā beaver a me ko lākou mau mākua a me nā kaikuaʻana a me nā kaikuaʻana. Hiki ke weliweli no nā beaver ʻōpio a me nā manu lele, e like me nā kites a me nā ʻaeto.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Ma muli o ka manaʻo o nā beaver maʻamau i manaʻo ʻia he holoholona holoholona waiwai, ua hōʻole kā lākou helu i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 20 i kahi nui weliweli: ʻelima a ʻeono paha mau lehulehu i koe i ke kūlohelohe, me ka huina o 1200 mau holoholona. Ua ʻoi aku ka pōmaikaʻi o nā beaver Kanada: ʻaʻole i alualu ʻia e like me ka ʻohana o ko ʻEulopa, a no laila ʻoi aku ka nui o kā lākou holoholona.
Eia nō naʻe, nā hana kūpono e pale ai a hoʻonui i ka helu, ʻo ka mea mua i lawe ʻia i ka waena o ke kenekulia 19 ma Nolewai, kahi i kapu loa ai ka ʻimi ʻana i kēia mau holoholona, i hiki ai ke mālama i nā beaver ʻEulopa ma ke ʻano he lāhui. Mahalo i kēia, i ka 1998, 430,000 mau kānaka i noho ma ʻEulopa a ma ka panalāʻau o Lūkia.
Mea nui! I kēia lā, loaʻa i nā ʻano mea beaver ʻelua ke kūlana Least Concern. Akā i ka manawa like, ʻo West Siberian a me Tuvinian subspecies o ka beaver maʻamau i helu ʻia i ka Buke Ula o Lūkia.
ʻO nā Beavers, ma muli o ko lākou hiki ke hoʻohuli i ka pae o ka wai i loko o nā waihona wai, kahi loulou waiwai i ka nohona kaiaola, a hoʻomaikaʻi ko lākou mau wai wai i ka maikaʻi o ka wai a hoʻomaʻemaʻe iā ia i ka lepo a me ka lepo. Ke ʻimi mau ʻia nei kēia mau holoholona e nā poʻe ʻimi holoholona ma ke ʻano he kumu o ka hulu pipiʻi a me ke kahawai beaver, kahi i loaʻa ai i ka poʻe ka lōʻihi o ka noi i ka mea ʻala a me ka lāʻau. Akā i kekahi mau wahi, hiki i nā beaver ke hana ma ke ʻano he pests: hiki i kā lākou mau dam ke alakaʻi i ka wai o nā ʻāina mahiʻai, nā alanui, a me kekahi mau wahi noho.I kēia hihia, luku pinepine ʻia nā dam e ka poʻe, akā hoʻihoʻi koke nā beaver iā lākou, ʻo ia ke kumu i lawa ʻole ai ke ʻano o ia mau hana a inā kōkua lākou e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūlana, a laila no ka manawa pōkole wale nō.
ʻO nā Beavers nā holoholona kūpono i ka mahalo. Hōʻike lākou iā lākou iho he mau ʻenekini loea a me nā mea kūkulu hale, a he mea hiki nō paha ma ka nānā ʻana i nā hale beaver i hana ʻia e ka poʻe i ka mua o kā lākou hale i hana ʻia me ka hana ʻole.... Ma muli o ko lākou maʻemaʻe a maʻemaʻe hoʻi, ua manaʻo ʻia nā beaver he mau holoholona e hoʻohālikelike i ka hoʻonohonoho a me ka maʻamau. No laila, ʻaʻole ia he mea kupanaha nā kā lākou mau kiʻi e hoʻonani i nā kapa o nā mea kaua a me nā hae o nā kūlanakauhale he nui, nā kaiāulu a me nā mokuʻāina pū kekahi, e like me Bevern, Bieberstadt, Bobrov, Donskoy, Lomzha, Manitoba, Omli a me Oregon.
