ʻO nā Rhino he mau māmela kaulike kaulike ʻia na ka ʻohana Rhinoceros mai ka ʻohana Rhinoceros. I kēia lā, ʻelima mau lā hou o nā rhinoceros i ʻike ʻia, nā mea maʻamau ma ʻApelika a me ʻAsia.
Hōʻike o ka rhino
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona nui o nā rhino o kēia manawa ke kū i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi pepeiaohao i ka ihu.... Kaukaʻi ʻia i nā ʻano laha, hiki i ka helu o nā pepeiaohao ke loli aʻe i ʻelua, akā i kekahi manawa aia kekahi me ka nui o lākou. I kēia hihia, ulu ka pepeiaohao mua mai ka iwi ihu, a ulu ka pepeiaohao hope mai ka ʻaoʻao mua o ka iwi poʻo o ka holoholona. ʻO nā kūpaka paʻakikī e hōʻike ʻole ʻia e ka iwi iwi, akā e ka keratin paʻa. ʻO ka pepeiaohao ʻike nui ʻia he 158 kenimika ka lōʻihi.
Hoihoi ia! Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Rhinos i mau makahiki i hala aku nei, a ua hōʻike ʻia nā noiʻi ʻepekema he nui i ka loaʻa ʻole o kahi pepeiaohao fossil rhino.
Hoʻohanohano ʻia nā Rhinos e ko lākou kino nui a me nā lālā pōkole a mānoanoa. Ma kēlā me kēia lālā he ʻekolu manamana, a hoʻopau me nā ʻūlū ākea. Mānoanoa ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo, hina a brownish i ka kala. Hoʻohanohano ʻia nā ʻano ʻĀsia e ka ʻili, e ʻākoakoa i nā pā kūʻē i ka wahi o ka ʻāʻī a me nā wāwae, e like me ke ʻano o nā pale kaua maoli i ka helehelena. Kuhi ʻia nā lālā āpau o ka ʻohana e nā maka maka ʻino, akā uku ʻia kēia hemahema kūlohelohe e ka lohe maikaʻi a me ka pilau o ka honi.
Helehelena
ʻO nā ʻano kūwaho o kahi mammal kaulike kaulike ʻia i ka hiʻona.
- Rhino ʻeleʻele - kahi holoholona ikaika a nui e kaupaona ana i ka laulā o 2.0-2.2 mau tona me ka lōʻihi o ke kino a i ʻekolu mau mika a me ke kiʻekiʻe o hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mika. Ma ke poʻo, ma ke ʻano he rula, aia ʻelua mau pepeiaohao, poepoe ma ke kumu, a hiki i 60 cm ka lōʻihi a ʻoi aku;
- Pālika keʻokeʻo - he mammal nui, nona ke kaumaha o ke kino i kekahi manawa i hiki i ʻelima mau tona me ka lōʻihi o ke kino ma waena o ʻehā mau mika a ʻelua mau mika ke kiʻekiʻe. ʻEleʻele ke kala o ka ʻili, hina hina. Aia nā pepeiaohao ʻelua ma ke poʻo. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui mai nā ʻano ʻē aʻe ke kū ʻana o kahi lehelehe ākea a pālahalaha luna, i hoʻolālā ʻia e ʻai i nā lau nahele mauʻu;
- ʻĀpana rhino - he holoholona nui nona nā tona ʻelua a ʻoi paha. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o kahi kāne nui ma nā poʻohiwi ʻelua mau mika. He ʻano kaulike ka pelt, ʻōlohelohe, o kahi kala hina-ʻāhinahina, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e nā pā i nā wahi nui. Aia nā ʻōhū nunui ma nā papa ʻili mānoanoa. Uhi ʻia ka huelo a me nā pepeiao me nā puʻu liʻiliʻi o ka lauoho lauoho. Ma nā poʻohiwi aia kahi pā hohonu a kūlou hoʻi i hope. ʻO kahi pepeiaohao hoʻokahi mai ka hapahā o ka mika a 60 cm ka lōʻihi;
- Rhino Sumatera - kahi holoholona me kahi kiʻekiʻe ma kahi maloʻo o 112-145 cm, me ka lōʻihi o ke kino i ka laulā o 235-318 cm a me ka nui o 800-2000 kg. ʻO nā lunamaka o nā laha he pepeiaohao ihu ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o ka hapahā o ka mika ka lōʻihi a me ka pepeiaohao pōkole hoʻi ma hope he ʻumi kenimika ka lōʻihi, ʻeleʻele hina a ʻeleʻele i ke kala. Aia nā pelu ma ka ʻili e hoʻopuni ana i ke kino ma hope o nā wāwae mua a hoʻonui i nā wāwae hope. Aia nā pale liʻiliʻi o ka ʻili i ka ʻāʻī. Aia kekahi ʻano kinipōpō lauoho o nā laha a puni nā pepeiao a ma ka hope o ka huelo;
- ʻĀpana rhino i ka helehelena he like loa ia me ka rhino India, akā ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka nui. ʻO ka awelika o ka lōʻihi o ke kino me ke poʻo ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 3.1-3.2 mika, me kahi kiʻekiʻe ma nā mea mae ma ka pae o 1.4-1.7 mau mika. Hoʻokahi wale nō pepeiaohao nā rhino Java, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o ke kāne makua ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i ka hapaha o ka mika. ʻO nā wahine, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻaʻohe o kou pepeiaohao, a i ʻole ia e hōʻike ʻia e kahi ulu pineal liʻiliʻi. Ua ʻōlohelohe ka ʻili o ka holoholona, ʻeleʻele-hina i ke kala, e hana ana i nā pelu ma ke kua, nā poʻohiwi a me ka croup.
Hoihoi ia! Hoʻoemi ʻia ke kapa o ka rhinoceros, no laila, i ka hoʻohui i ka palaki ma ka piko o ka huelo, ʻike wale ʻia ka ulu ʻana o ka lauoho ma ka lihi o nā pepeiao. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nā ʻelele o nā ʻano rhinoceros Sumatran, nona ka kino holoʻokoʻa i uhi ʻia me ka lauoho lauoho ʻeleʻele.
Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻaʻohe incisors o ka Rhino ʻeleʻele a me ke Keokeo, ʻoiai he niho niho kēne nā India a me Sumatran. Eia kekahi, ʻike ʻia nā lālani ʻelima e ke kū ʻana o ʻekolu mau molara ma kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao o ka iwi ā lalo a luna.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ka nohona
ʻAneʻane ʻaʻole hōʻike nā rhino ʻino i ka huhū i ko lākou ʻohana, a hoʻopau nā hakakā kakaʻī me nā hōʻeha liʻiliʻi. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa nā leo leo o nā lunamakaʻāinana o kēia ʻano i ka ʻokoʻa a i ʻole ka paʻakikī. Ke hū nui nei kahi holoholona makua, a ke makaʻu, hoʻopuka ʻo ia i kahi ʻōhiʻu ʻoi a ʻono hoʻi.
Mālama nā rhinoceroses keʻokeʻo i nā hui liʻiliʻi ma kahi o ʻumi a ʻumikūmālima mau kānaka. Nui loa ka ʻino o nā kāne makua i kekahi i kekahi, a ʻo ka hakakā pinepine ka make o kekahi o nā hoa paio. Hoʻohana nā kāne ʻelemakule i nā kaha ʻala e māka i nā panalāʻau kahi a lākou e ʻai ai. I nā lā wela a me ka lā, hoʻāʻo nā holoholona e peʻe i ka malu o nā mea kanu a hele i waho i nā wahi ākea i ka wā pōuliuli.
Ke hoʻopunipuni nei ka clumsiness o nā rhinoceros India, no laila he maikaʻi a maʻalahi ka neʻe ʻana o nā ʻelele o nā laha. I nā hōʻailona mua o ka weliweli a me ka pale pilikino, hiki i kēlā holoholona ke holo wikiwiki i 35-40 km / h. I nā kūlana maikaʻi o ka makani, hiki i kahi māmele kaulike kaulike nui ke ʻike i ke alo o kahi kanaka a i ʻole he holoholona ʻino he mau haneli mau mika ka mamao.
Noho kaʻawale ko Sumatran rhino, a ʻo ka ʻokoʻa ka wā hānau a me ka hānai ʻana o nā keiki i hope. Wahi a nā ʻike a nā ʻepekema, ʻo kēia ka lāhui hana nui o nā rhino āpau. Kaha ʻia ka wahi i noho ʻia e ka waiho ʻana i ka lepo a wāwahi i nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi.
Hoihoi ia! He pilina symbiotic ko nā rhinoceroses ʻApelika me nā wīwī buffalo, e hānai nei i nā kika mai ka ʻili o kahi māmele a e aʻo aku i ka holoholona no ka pilikia e hiki mai ana, ʻoiai he pilina like ko ka Rhino India me kekahi mau ʻano manu ʻē aʻe, me ka myna
ʻO nā rhino Java kekahi o ka mahele o nā holoholona mehameha, no laila, nā pālua i loko o ia mau māmela i hana wale ʻia i ka wā o ka male ʻana. ʻO nā kāne o kēia ʻano, me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā kaha pilau, waiho i nā ʻōpala he nui i hana ʻia e ka hooves ma luna o nā kumulāʻau a i ʻole ka honua. ʻAe kēlā mau māka i ka mammal kaulike-hoofed e māka i nā palena o kona teritori.
Ehia mau rhino e noho nei
ʻO ke ola o nā rhinoceroses i ka nahelehele ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o ʻekolu mau makahiki, a i ke pio ʻana ua hiki i nā holoholona ke ola lōʻihi, akā pili kēia ʻōkuhi i nā ʻano laha a me ke aʻo ʻana o ka māmala.
Dimorphism moekolohe
ʻO nā rhino kāne o kēlā me kēia ʻano a me nā mea ʻohana ʻoi aku ka nui a me ke kaumaha ma mua o nā wahine. I ka hapanui o nā hihia, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka pepeiaohao o nā kāne a ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka wahine.
ʻAno Rhino
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka ʻohana rhinoceros (Rhinoserotidae) e nā ʻohana ʻelua, e pili pū ana me ʻehiku mau ʻohana a me 61 mau moʻomeheu (57 mau ʻohana rhino). I kēia lā, ʻelima mau ʻano rhino hou e aʻo maikaʻi ʻia:
- Rhino ʻeleʻele (ʻO Diceros bicornis) He ʻāpana ʻApelika e pani ʻia e nā ʻohana ʻehā: D. bicornis ʻōpio, D. bicornis bicornis, D. bicornis michaeli a me D. bicornis longipe (ua pau ka mana);
- Pālika keʻokeʻo (Seratotherium simum) - ʻo kēia ka lunamakaʻāinana nui loa o ka genus, e pili ana i ka ʻohana rhino a me ka holoholona ʻāina nui ʻehā ma kā mākou honua.
- ʻĀpana rhino (Rhinoceros unicornis) - ka lunamakaʻāinana nui loa o nā rhino ʻĀsia e kū nei i kēia manawa;
- Rhino Sumatera (ʻO Dicerorhinus sumatrensis) ʻO ia wale nō ka mea i ola o ka genus Sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus) mai ka ʻohana Rhino. Aia kēia ʻano i nā ʻohana D. sumatrensis sumatrensis (Sumatran komohana rhino), D. sumatrensis harrissoni (Sumatran hikina rhino), a me D. sumatrensis lasiotis.
Hoihoi ia! Ma lalo o ka hapahā kenekulia, ua nalowale loa kekahi mau ʻano holoholona ma kā mākou honua, me nā rhinoceros ʻeleʻele komohana (Diceros bicornis longipe).
ʻO ka genus Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoseros) pū kekahi me ka mammal equid o ka Javan rhinoceros species (Rhinoceros sondaicus), i hōʻike ʻia e nā subspecies Rh. sondaicus sondaicus (ʻano ʻohana poʻomanaʻo), Rh. sondaicus annamiticus (Nā ʻāpana Vietnamese) a me Rh. sondaicus inermis (nā ʻāpana ʻāina nui).
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
ʻO nā rhino ʻeleʻele kahi kamaʻāina maʻamau o nā kahakai maloo, nakinaki ʻia i kekahi wahi noho e haʻalele ʻole ai i ke ola holoʻokoʻa. ʻO nā ʻohana nui ʻo D. bicornis ka mea liʻiliʻi e noho ana ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina hema o ka pae, e like me Tanzania, Zambia, Mozambique, a me ʻākau hikina o ʻApelika Hema. ʻO nā ʻāpana subspesies D. bicornis bicornis pili i nā wahi maloʻo o ke komohana hema a me ka ʻākau hikina o ka pae ma Namibia, ʻApelika Hema a me Angola, ʻoiai ʻo nā ʻohana hikina D. bicornis michaeli i loaʻa ma Tanzania.
Hōʻike ʻia ka ʻāpana hoʻokaʻawale o ka rhino keʻokeʻo e nā wahi mamao ʻelua. Noho ka mua (nā mea kōkua hema) ma ʻApelika Hema, Namibia, Mozambique a me Zimbabwe. Hōʻike ʻia ka nohona o nā ʻohana ʻĀkau e nā ʻākau a me ʻākau hikina o ka Lepupalika Kemokalaka o Kongo a me South Sudan.
Hoʻolālā ka rhino India i ka hapa nui o ka manawa wale nō, ma kēlā me kēia pūnaewele. I kēia manawa, loaʻa wale ia ma ka hema o Pakistan, Nepal a me East India, a me kahi mau liʻiliʻi o nā holoholona i ola i nā ʻāpana ʻākau o Bangladesh.
Ma nā wahi āpau, me nā hoʻokoe kākaʻikahi, noho nā lunamaka o nā laha i nā wahi i pale ʻia a lawa pono hoʻi. ʻAʻau maikaʻi ʻo ka rhino India, no laila, aia kekahi mau hihia ke ʻau aku kēlā holoholona nui ma waena o Brahmaputra ākea.
Ma mua, ua noho nā ʻelele o nā ʻano rhino Sumatran i nā ululāʻau pāhū a me nā kahawai ma Assam, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Malaysia, a hui pū kekahi ma Kina a me Indonesia. I kēia lā, aia nā rhino Sumatran i ke kapekepeke o ka make, no laila ʻeono mau heluna hiki ke ola i Sumatra, Borneo a me ka Peninsula Malay.
Hoihoi ia! Hiki i nā Rhino ke noho kaʻawale i nā wahi hoʻoinu ke hoʻomanawanui i ko lākou ʻohana, akā ma kahi pūnaewele e hōʻike mau lākou i ka hoʻomanawanui a komo i nā hakakā. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo nā rhino o ka bipi like, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē, pale i nā lālā o ka ʻohana a hiki ke kōkua i ko lākou mau hoahānau ʻeha.
ʻO nā wahi maʻamau o nā Javan rhinoceros nā ululāʻau ʻāina pāhūhā a me nā wahi ulu wai a me nā kahawai kahawai. I kekahi manawa i hala aku nei, ua komo ka mahele o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka nui o ka ʻāina Hikina Hema o ʻAsia, ka mokuna o nā mokupuni ʻo Greater Sunda, ka ʻaoʻao hikina hema o India a me nā ʻāpana ʻino loa o ka hema o Kina. I kēia lā, hiki ke ʻike wale ʻia ka holoholona i nā kūlana o ka Ujung-Kulon National Park.
Papaʻai Rhino
ʻAi nui nā rhino ʻeleʻele i nā ʻōpuʻu ʻōpiopio i hopu ʻia e ka lehelehe luna... ʻAʻole makaʻu iki ka holoholona i nā kākalaioa ʻoi loa a me ke kohu akola o nā mea kanu i ʻai ʻia. Hānai nā rhino ʻeleʻele i ke kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi, ke anuanu ka lewa. Hele lākou i kēlā me kēia lā i kahi lua e hoʻoinu ai, kahi i kekahi manawa aia ma kahi mamao a he ʻumi mau kilomita.
ʻO nā rhino ʻĀnia nā mea kanu hānai e ʻai ana i nā mea kanu wai, nā lālā ʻohe a me nā mauʻu ʻelepani, i huki lima ʻole ʻia me ke kōkua o ka lepe leʻaleʻa luna. Me nā rhino ʻē aʻe, he holoholona herbivorous wale nō ʻo Java, ʻo ka papaʻai e hōʻike ʻia e nā ʻano ulu lāʻau a i ʻole nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi, ʻo kā lākou mau pua, nā lau ʻōpio a me nā hua i hāʻule.
Kūpono loa ʻo Rhinos i ka paila ʻana i nā kumulāʻau liʻiliʻi, haki iā lākou a i ʻole kūlou ʻana iā lākou i ka honua, a laila haehae lākou i nā lau me kahi lehelehe luna. Me kēia hiʻohiʻona, like nā lehelehe o nā rhino i nā bea, nā giraffes, nā lio, nā llamas, nā moose a me nā manatees. Pau kahi rhinoceros makua ma kahi o kanalima kilokika o nā meaʻai ʻōmaʻomaʻo i kēlā me kēia lā.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
ʻAʻohe kikoʻī o nā rhino ʻeleu. Ma hope o ka ʻumikūmāono mahina o ka hāpai ʻana, hānau ʻia hoʻokahi cub, e hānai ana i ka waiū no nā makahiki ʻelua o ke ola. Hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi ʻole ʻia ka hana hou ʻana o nā rhinoceros keʻokeʻo. Hiki i ka holoholona ke oo i ka moekolohe ma ka makahiki ʻehiku a ʻumi paha makahiki. Hāʻule mau ka manawa rutting ma waena o Iulai a Kepakemapa, akā aia kekahi ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka hāpai ʻana o kahi rhino keʻokeʻo wahine he hoʻokahi a me ka hapa makahiki ka lōʻihi, a ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o hoʻokahi keiki. ʻO ka wā hānau ma kahi o ʻekolu mau makahiki.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO kahi pēpē e ulu ana ma ka ʻaoʻao o kona makuahine he pilina pili loa me nā wahine ʻē aʻe a me kā lākou mau keiki, a ʻaʻole pili ke kāne male i ka hui kaiaulu maʻamau.
Hiki i ka wahine wahine Rhinoceros ke oʻo i ka wahine a ʻekolu a ʻehā mau makahiki paha, a hiki i nā kāne ke hānau i ka makahiki ʻeono o ke ola. He ʻumikūmāono mahina ka lōʻihi o ka hāpai ʻana, a ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o hoʻokahi cub. Lawe mai ka wahine o kēia ʻano rhinoceros i keiki i kēlā me kēia ʻelima mau makahiki, a ʻo ka wā lactation he ʻelua a ʻoi paha mau makahiki, kahi e haʻalele ʻole ai ka cub i kona makuahine.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻO nā holoholona ʻōpio o kēlā me kēia ʻano i nā hihia kakaikahi ka mea i lilo i mea hōʻino ʻia o nā mea nui nui o ka ʻohana Felidae: nā tigre, nā liona, nā cheetah. ʻAʻohe ʻenemi o nā rhino makua ma mua o nā kānaka. ʻO ia ke kanaka ke kumu nui o ka hōʻemi nui ʻana o ka heluna kanaka maoli o ia mau māmela kaulike ʻia.
Ma ʻAsia, a hiki i kēia lā, aia kahi koi kiʻekiʻe loa no nā kiwi rhino, i hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā huahana makamae a hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka lāʻau kuʻuna Kina. ʻO nā lāʻau i hana ʻia mai ka pepeiaohao rhino ʻaʻole waiwai nui wale ʻia, akā hoʻopili pū ʻia me nā elixir o "immortality" a i ʻole longevity. ʻO ke ola o kēia mākeke i alakaʻi i ka hoʻoweliweli o ka luku ʻia o nā rhino, a hoʻohana mau ʻia nā pepeiaohao maloʻo e kāpae aku:
- ʻōiwi;
- hānō;
- maʻi puʻupuʻu;
- ka hopu ʻana;
- ʻūhā;
- ka loaʻa ʻana o ka daimonio a me ka hehena;
- diphtheria;
- nā nahu o nā ʻīlio, nā moʻo huelo ʻawa, a me nā moʻo;
- disentery;
- epilepsy a maʻule nō hoʻi;
- kuni;
- lāʻau make ʻai;
- nā hoʻohanohano;
- ʻeha poʻo poʻo;
- hemorrhoids a me ka hoʻokahe koko;
- maʻiʻole;
- laryngitis;
- malaria;
- ʻleskela;
- nalo hoʻomanaʻo;
- myopia a me ka makapō makapō;
- moeʻuhane;
- maʻi ahulau a me ka polio;
- ʻeha niho;
- ilo a me ka luaʻi indomitable.
Hoihoi ia! Ua hoʻokumu ka World Wildlife Fund (WWF) i ka Lā Rhino ma 2010, a ua hoʻolauleʻa ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma ka lā 22 Kepakemapa.
Ma waho aʻe o ka lawaiʻa ākea i nā ʻāina he nui, ʻo ka luku ʻia ʻana o ko lākou wahi kūlohelohe ma muli o ka hopena o ka hana mahiʻai e hana nui i ka make wikiwiki ʻana o kēia mau holoholona. Ola nā mamameka ʻeleʻele mai kā lākou mau wahi hāʻawi a hiki ʻole ke loaʻa kahi pani kūpono no nā ʻāina haʻalele.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Hoʻoweliweli ʻia ka rhinoceros ʻeleʻele i kekahi mau panalāʻau e pau... I kēia manawa, ʻo ka heluna nui o ka lāhui e pili ana iā 3.5 tausani mau poʻo. Kuhi ʻia kahi helu kiʻekiʻe a kūpaʻa hoʻi o nā rhino ʻeleʻele i ka panalāʻau o Namibia, Mozambique, Zimbabwe a me ʻApelika Hema, i ʻae i ka ʻimi ʻana iā ia. I kēia mau ʻāina, hāʻawi ʻia kekahi helu o nā ʻoka i kēlā me kēia makahiki, e ʻae ana iā lākou e kī i ka rhino ʻeleʻele.Lawe pū ʻia ka ʻimi ʻana i nā rhinoceros keʻokeʻo ma lalo o kahi quota i hoʻokaʻawale loa ʻia a ma lalo o ka kaohi paʻa.
I kēia lā, ua hāʻawi ʻia nā rhinoceroses India i ke kūlana VU a me ka mahele VU ma ka puke ʻikepili ʻulaʻula. ʻO ka nui o nā lunamakaʻāinana o kēia laha ma kahi o ʻelua a me ka hapa kaukani mau kānaka. Eia nō naʻe, ma ka laulā, ʻo ka rhinoceros India kahi ʻano ulu ulu maikaʻi ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā ʻohana Java a me Sumatran.
He holoholona laha ʻole ka rhinoceros Javan, a ʻo ka nui o nā lunamakaʻāinana o kēia laha ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻeono mau kānaka. ʻO ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻelele o nā lāhui Sumatran rhinoceros i ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana ʻaʻole hāʻawi i nā hopena maikaʻi i ʻike ʻia. Make nā kānaka he nui ma mua o ka hiki ʻana i ka makahiki iwakālua a hānau ʻole he keiki. ʻO kēia hiʻohiʻona ma muli o ka lawa ʻole o ka ʻike o ka nohona o nā laha, ka mea i ʻae ʻole e hana i nā kūlana maikaʻi loa no ka mālama pono ʻana i ka pio.
