ʻO ka ʻimi ʻana i kahi pane i ka nīnau "he aha ka ʻai a nā ʻīlio hihiu e alakaʻi ai i ka hopena he omnivorous lākou. ʻLelo lākou i nā holoholona pōloli e hoʻoneʻe ʻia e hōʻeha i ka hoʻouka a hiki i ka bear ke hiamoe i loko o nā lua.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka papaʻai o nā ʻīlio hae
ʻO ka ʻīlio hae, e like me nā canine āpau, he carnivorous, akā, ʻoiai ua manaʻo ʻia ia he predator i haʻi ʻia, mai kēlā manawa kēia manawa e hoʻopili me nā scavenger.
Papaʻai papaʻai
ʻO ka meaʻai nui a nā ʻīlio hihiu nā ungulate, nona ka loaʻa a me ka nui e hoʻoholo ai i ka ola o ka heluna wolf.... Hoʻololi pū kona ʻano i nā kikoʻī o ke ola o nā ungulate i kekahi wahi.
ʻO nā Wolves, koe wale no nā ungulate, e ʻimi i nā holoholona e like me:
- nā hare, nā ʻalopeke, nā marmots, nā ʻino, nā ferrets a me nā mea ʻē aʻe;
- ʻīlio hihiu a me nā ʻīlio kūloko;
- nā rodents, me nā gerbil, nā voles, nā squirrels honua, a me nā hamsters;
- manu manu manu, pinepine i ka wā o ko lākou molt;
- nā manu moa, ʻoiai nā holoholona ʻōpio a me nā paʻa lima;
- nā geese (home a hihiu);
- nahesa, nā moʻo, nā rana a me nā toads (laha ʻole).
Hoihoi ia! I kekahi manawa hoʻololi ka poʻe ʻaihue i ka meaʻai ʻano ʻē - i ka steppes Kizlyar (i ka wā e hānai ʻia ai nā ʻūhini), ua loaʻa iā lākou nā ʻōhiu ʻīlio, ʻo ia wale nō ke koena.
Kanikipi
ʻO ka ʻai ʻana i kā lākou ʻano ponoʻī ʻaʻole ia he mea maʻamau i loko o kahi wolf wolf, nona nā lālā, me ke kanalua ʻole, e wāwahi i kahi hoa ʻeha a nāwaliwali hoʻi i nā hoʻoilo koʻikoʻi. Pepehi pinepine ka poʻe pōloli pōloli i nā mea nāwaliwali ke kaua lākou no ka meaʻai. ʻO nā mea hoʻokūkū i loaʻa i nā hōʻeha koko i ka hakakā no ka wahine e wāwahi pinepine ʻia.
Hoʻokomo nā Wolves i ka ʻano o ka cannibalism me ka waiū o ko lākou makuahine. I loko o kekahi o nā zoo, ua haehae nā keiki ʻīlio hae nui a ʻai i kahi keiki wahine wolf nāwaliwali ke hoʻololi ʻia lākou mai ka ʻiʻo a i ka meaʻai waiū. ʻAʻole hoʻomake wale nā Wolves a ʻai wale i kā lākou holoholona i hōʻeha ʻia, akā ʻaʻole hoʻi e hoʻowahāwahā i nā kupapaʻu o ko lākou ʻohana. I ka wā wī, hoʻohana ʻoluʻolu nā holoholona i nā carrion ʻē aʻe, e ʻimi nei i nā hale luku, nā ilina bipi, nā pā lau a me nā ʻāpana holoholona. I ka hoʻoilo, holo pinepine ke ala o kahi wolf wolf ma nā wahi kahi e hoʻolei mau ʻia ai nā kupapaʻu popopo.
Hunting, ʻāpala
Hele ka ʻīlio hae i ka wanaʻao, hoʻopau ʻo ia i ke kakahiaka. Inā kūleʻa ka hahai holoholona, hiamoe nā ʻīlio hae a hoʻomau paha i ka huli ʻana ma hope o ka pō maikaʻi ʻole.
Holo ʻīlio
I ka ʻimi ʻana i nā pio, hele nā ʻīlio hae i 50 km (ʻoiai i ka hau hohonu). Hele lākou i ke alahele ma hope o ke ala, ʻo ia ke kumu hiki ʻole ke helu i ka nui o nā mea ʻino i loko o ka ʻohana. Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻaʻohe ʻoi aku ma mua o 15 o lākou - lawe ʻia nā holoholona ʻōpio mai nā brood 2 hope loa no ka hopu holoholona.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO ka puʻuwai, ke akepaʻa a me nā akemāmā i manaʻo ʻia he mea ʻono, ʻo ia ke kumu e hele mau ai lākou i ke kāne mana loa, ke alakaʻi, ka mea e lawe i ke kuleana o "beater" i ka huli holoholona.
I ka ʻike ʻana i ka pua, hoʻomaka nā ʻīlio hae a alualu kekahi o nā dia. Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka pahuhopu, hoʻopuni nā mea ʻaihue iā ia: kekahi - i mua, ʻo ka lua - mai ka hope, ke kolu - mai nā ʻaoʻao. Ua kīkēkē i ka dia i ko lākou mau wāwae, lele ka ʻohana i kahi lehulehu, e hoʻomāʻehaʻeha ana i ka mea pio a hiki i kona hanu hope loa. Kūʻē pinepine nā ungulate nui a olakino i nā ʻīlio hae, a ʻo kekahi o lākou e make pinepine i kahi hakakā. Hoʻihoʻi hilahila nā mea hoʻomakee i koe.
Ehia ka ʻai a ka ʻīlio hae
ʻIke ka holoholona i ka wī no 2 mau pule, akā ʻai ʻo ia i kahi mālama, ma hope o ka hopu ʻana i ka pāʻani... Akā ʻaʻole hiki i kahi ʻīlio hae pōloli ke ale i 25 kg o ka ʻiʻo, e like me ke ʻano o kekahi mau kumuwaiwai iā ia. I loko o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻīlio hae, ua loaʻa iā lākou ka 1.5-2 kg o ka meaʻai, no ka mea ʻaʻole kahe o 3 kg i ka manawa, a he aha ka mea i ʻai ʻia ma mua o kēia. Ua haʻi aku nā mea ʻike maka i ka ʻaukake ʻana o nā mea ʻai he 7-10 i kahi lio i ka pō, a ua luku wale ʻia kahi ʻīlio hae ma Turkmmenistan i kahi argali ʻōpio nona ke kaumaha he 10 kg. Akā ʻaʻole kamaʻilio kēia mau helu i hoʻokahi manawa o ka meaʻai i ʻai ʻia, no ka mea hūnā ʻia kahi ʻāpana o ke kupapaʻu. Hoʻohui ʻia, makemake nā scavenger e like me nā ʻīlio hae, hyenas a me nā ʻohue e ʻai i nā holoholona i luku ʻia e nā ʻīlio hae.
Manauna
Hoʻololi ka papaʻai o nā ʻīlio hae (a me ka nui loa) kaukaʻi ʻia i ka wā. Hōʻike ʻia nā fluctuations i nā makemake o ka meaʻai i ke ʻano o ke ola o kahi wolf wolf - kahi noho ma nā kau mahana e pani ʻia e kahi nomadic i ka hoʻoilo.
Papaʻai kau wela
ʻO ka papa kuhikuhi wolf kauwela ka mea makemake nui a me ka waiwai o ka vitamina, no ka mea, hoʻokumu ʻia ia i ka nui o nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona, me nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā ʻano nui. I ke kauwela, kūmau ka ungulate i hope, e hāʻawi i ke ala i nā mea momona a me nā mea momona liʻiliʻi.
Hoʻohui ʻia, i ke kauwela, hoʻopili ʻia nā protein holoholona i kaʻai wolf me nā mea kanu.
- līlia o ke awāwa a me nā hua rowan;
- nā blueberry a me nā lingonberry;
- nighthade a me nā blueberry;
- na ohia a me na pea;
- nā hua ʻē aʻe (i nā wahi hema).
Hoihoi ia! Nānā nā Wolves i nā melona, kahi e ʻono ai lākou i nā melemona a me nā melemele, akā ʻaʻole pinepine ka ʻai ʻana iā lākou e like me ka hōʻino ʻana iā lākou, e hōʻino ai nā melon I nā ʻūlū Ural, ʻoki nā mea hoʻomakee i nā ʻōpuʻu ʻohe, a hōʻole i nā ʻanoʻano o nā sereala.
I ka hema, i ka makahiki o ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka ʻohana steppe cherry, ʻike mau ʻia kona mau iwi i nā folf wolf.
ʻAina hoʻoilo-hoʻoilo
I ka hopena o ke kauwela a me ka wanaʻao, hoʻomau ka poʻe ʻīlio hae i nā ungulate hihiu, e alualu i nā holoholona hānai hānai, e ʻeli i nā hale muskrat / lua, e ʻimi holoholona liʻiliʻi (me nā hares), a hopu i nā moa wai ma kapa o nā wai wai. ʻIke ʻia ka pau ʻana o ka meaʻai ke hāʻule ka hau mua. I kēia manawa, aneane hoʻololi loa nā ʻīlio hae i nā ungulate, me ka moose.
I ka hoʻoilo, holoholo nā holoholona ma nā alanui i kahili ʻia a hele me ka hōʻewa ʻole i ka ʻaoʻao o ke ala, ke ʻike nei i kahi kaʻaahi a i ʻole ka holo kaʻa hoʻokahi.... I ke anuanu koʻikoʻi loa, nalowale nā ʻīlio hae, kokoke i kahi noho kanaka. Ma aneʻi lākou e kolo ai i loko o ka pā no nā holoholona, ʻimi ʻīlio kiaʻi a nānā no ka make, e wāwahi ana i nā hale kanu pipi.
ʻAiʻai puna
ʻIke ʻia ka lima pololi o ka pōloli e lālau i ka ʻīlio hae e ka ʻāʻī i ka mua o ka pūnāwai, ke lilo nā mea ʻino i ʻenemi ʻino loa o nā mea hānai holoholona, ʻo ia hoʻi nā mea mahiʻai i ka ʻāpana. Ke hoʻokokoke aku nei ka pūnāwai, ke ulu nei ka nui o nā holoholona i loko o ka ʻaʻai wolf, a hiki i kahi piko i ka piko o ke kauwela, i ka wā e hoʻomaka ai ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ikaika o nā keiki wolf wī i ka puʻupuʻu.
Hoihoi ia! Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka mehana, hoʻomaka nā mea ʻino e noho ana i ka ʻāpiki, wao nahele a me tundra e hoʻopili i nā ungulate hāpai - saigas, dia, gazelles a me nā dia. A i ka manawa e puka ai nā keiki, ʻohi nā ʻīlio hae a puni nā wahi keiki, kahi e luku ʻia ai nā holoholona ʻōpio a me nā mākua.
Ma hope o ka hau hau a me ka hoʻomaka o ka rut i ka hapanui o nā holoholona (ʻApelila - Mei), reorient nā ʻīlio hae mai ungulate a i nā vertebrates liʻiliʻi / waena.
Kaukaʻi pili i ka wahi
Hoʻoholo pū ʻia ka meaʻai o nā mea ʻaihue e ka ʻāina o ka nohona. ʻO nā Wolves e noho ana i ka tundra e ʻimi i nā dia hihiu / kūloko i ka hoʻoilo, me ke koʻikoʻi i nā keiki bipi a me nā koholā. Ma ke ala, luku ʻia nā holoholona liʻiliʻi, e laʻa me nā alopeke polar a me nā hare. ʻO nā Wolves e holoholo ana ma kahakai ma nā Nenets Autonomous Okrug e hopu i nā hei a me nā hei, e ʻohi i nā kupapaʻu o nā meaola kai i hoʻolei ʻia e ka nalu, nā iʻa a me nā ʻōpala kalepa.
I nā ululāʻau o Tatarstan, i nā hoʻoilo hau, ʻimi nui nā ʻīlio hae i nā holoholona ʻimi holoholona - holoholona / ʻino (68%), nā hare (21%) a me nā rodent murine (24%). ʻO nā mea ʻai nui no nā mea hōʻaiʻē e noho ana i ka waena o ka honuaʻeleʻele-steppe nā holoholona home, nā koʻokoʻo liʻiliʻi a me nā hares.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO ka lehulehu o nā wolf steppe ma ka hema o Lūkia e loea i nā rodents like me ka iole (35%), carrion (17%), a me nā keiki bipi, ʻīlio, kao, hipa a me nā puaʻa (16%).
I loko o nā ʻōpū o nā ʻīlio hae Caucasian, me ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka meaʻai holoholona, ua loaʻa nā māno palaoa, a ma ʻUkelekania (kokoke i Kiev) - a me nā ʻalalā pū kekahi. I ke kauwela, ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Kazakhstan, hoʻopau loa nā ʻīlio hae:
- nā hare;
- nā koʻekoʻe liʻiliʻi (ʻoi aku nā voles wai);
- ptarmigan ʻōpio a me nā grouse ʻeleʻele;
- ʻuckspō ʻōpiopio a me molting;
- dia dia a me nā hipa (laha ʻole).
ʻO nā ʻīlio hae i noho ma ka Waoakua ʻo Betpak-Dala hānai nui i nā saigas, nā gazelles a me nā hare, me ka poina ʻole e pili ana i nā kuhukukū, nā jerboas, nā gerbil a me nā mea kolo.
ʻAi pīpī pīpī
ʻO nā kaumaha he 300-500 g, uhi ʻia me ka huluhulu oho hina hina, hānau makapō a me nā aʻa pepeiao paʻa, e ʻike hou ana i nā lā 9-12. Hū ka niho o ko lākou mau waiū ma waena o nā pule ʻelua a ʻehā, a kolo nā ʻīlio he 3 mau pule i waho o ka lua ma kā lākou iho iho. I ka makahiki like, noho hoʻokahi lākou i ka wā e ʻimi ai nā lunakahiko, a ma ka 1,5 mau mahina hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopuehu a hūnā i ka makaʻu.
Hānai ka wolf wahine i ka pua me ka waiū a hiki i ka 1.5 mau mahina, a ʻo ia iho e ʻai i ka mea a ke kāne e lawe mai ai: i hopu ʻia i ka pāʻani a i ʻole belching i ke ʻano o ka ʻai hapa hapa. ʻO nā keiki, i hiki i 3-4 mau pule, ʻai i ka ʻūpā iā lākou iho, a waiho ka makuahine me nā ʻāpana.
Mea nui! Hōʻike nā Zoologists ʻo ka hānai ʻana i nā ʻīlio ma ke kāʻei ʻana (pulp hapa hapa-ʻai) ma muli o ka nele o nā enzyme digestive i kapa ʻia ʻo peptidases. ʻIke ʻia nā keiki hānai ʻōmole, ka poʻe i loaʻa ʻole ke kāʻei, ʻike hope ʻia i hope i ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka ulu ʻana, a ʻeha pū ʻia hoʻi me nā rikeke.
ʻAʻole pono nā ʻōpio ma 3-4 mau mahina i ke kāʻei, a hoʻomaka e hānai i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi, kauō ʻia i ka lua e ko lākou mau mākua. Luhi loa nā lūlū wahine lactating i ke kauwela, ʻoiai ʻo nā ʻīlio e piʻi wikiwiki i ke kaumaha, ʻo ia hoʻi i nā mahina 4 mua o ke ola. I kēia wā, hoʻonui ka nui o lākou ma kahi o 30 mau manawa (mai 0.35-0.45 kg a i 14-15 kg). ʻO ka wolf ʻōpio awelika ke kaupaona ʻia 16-17 kg e kona 6 mau mahina.
Ma hope o ka lawa o ka ikaika o nā keiki, aʻo nā mākua iā lākou e hopu a pepehi i ka pāʻani, e lawe mai ana iā lākou i ke ana e ola ana, ʻoiai e kuʻi ʻia. Ma ke kau waena o ke kauwela, alakaʻi nā kāne kāne makua i nā holoholona ʻōpio i nā holoholona i luku ʻia, akā hoʻomaka ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ikaika ma hope. I ʻAukake, hoʻāʻo nā ʻīlio hihiu makua e hopu i nā rodents a me nā mea liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe, a i ka mahina ʻo Kepakemapa ua lilo lākou i mau mea komo piha i ka huli no nā ungulate.
