He mea kūpono ke hoʻolohe ʻana i ka huaʻōlelo "dia" - a i ka manawa hoʻokahi he holoholona hanohano a i ka manawa like e kū mai ana nā holoholona hanohano me nā wīwī wīwī, me ke poʻo kiʻekiʻe o nā outline hanohano, i kau ʻia ka lei me nā pepeiaohao nui. ʻAʻole ia no ka mea ʻole i manaʻo ʻia kēia mau holoholona haʻaheo he hōʻailona o ka wiwo ʻole a me ka hanohano i loko o ka heraldry, a ke hoʻonani nei kā lākou mau kiʻi i nā kapa komo o nā kūlanakauhale hou o ka honua.
Wehewehe dia
Pili ke dia i ke kaʻina o nā artiodactyls, a me lākou pū kekahi, me nā kāmelo, nā hippo, nā bipi, nā puaʻa hihiu a me nā antelope.... Ua ʻike ʻia nā dia mua ma ʻAsia i ka wā o ka Oligocene a noho hope ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. Mahalo i kā lākou hiki ke hoʻololi, ua hiki iā lākou ke haku i nā ʻano pae like ʻole - mai ka tundra arctic i nā wao nahele wela.
Helehelena
Ma waena o nā dia o nā ʻano ʻokoʻa, aia nā holoholona, ʻo ka nui o lākou mai 35 a 233 cm ma kahi maloʻo, ʻoiai ka lōʻihi o ko lākou kino, kaukaʻi ʻia i nā ʻano, mai 90 a 310 cm. A ʻo ke kino o kēia mau holoholona he 7 a 825 paha. kg. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona kūwaho e hoʻohui i nā dia āpau i hoʻokahi ʻohana dia he kūlana hanohano, kahi hoʻolālā kino kaulike, kahi ʻāʻī elongated a me kahi poʻo wedge o kahi ʻano hanohano. ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona e hoʻohui like i nā holoholona āpau o kēia ʻohana ke kū ʻana o nā pepeiaohao i nā kāne. ʻO nā maka o ka hapanui o nā dia he nui a ʻoluʻolu ʻole, pubescent me nā maka maka lōʻihi, "deer", kahi e hāʻawi ai i ka hiʻohiʻona o kēia mau holoholona palupalu a me ka expressiveness.
Akā lōʻihi nā wāwae mai nā ʻano dia a pau lōʻihi: i kekahi o lākou, i ka ʻaoʻao ʻē, ua pōkole lākou. Akā ʻo nā lunamakaʻāinana āpau o kēia ʻohana he muscularity maikaʻi o nā lālā a me nā manamana i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā ʻaoʻao, a me ke kū ʻana o kahi gland kūikawā ma waena o lākou, me ke kōkua o nā dia e haʻalele i nā kaha. He pōkole loa nā huelo o ka nui o nā laha, i hiki ʻole ke ʻike ʻia mai kekahi kihi.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona ʻokoʻa o nā dia āpau āpau ko lākou antlers. ʻOiaʻiʻo, i ka hapa nui o nā laha, aia wale i nā kāne. A ʻo nā reindeer wale nō nā wahine wahine pepeiaohao, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ko lākou pepeiaohao i ka nui. ʻAʻole i lilo koke nā ʻōpuʻu i mea kaua nui. I ka manawa mua, ma hope o ko lākou hū ʻana i ke poʻo o ka holoholona, hōʻike lākou i kahi ʻano cartilaginous, akā ma hope ua ulu nui lākou me ka iwi iwi a paʻakikī. I ka manawa like, ʻo ka ulu o nā aniani a me ka nui a me ka maikaʻi e pili ai lākou wale nō i ka ʻano dia, akā i ke ʻano o nā ʻano meaʻai e ʻai ai.
Hoihoi ia! ʻAʻole hiki i nā lāhui dia ke kaena i nā antlers lālā. ʻAʻohe o nā dia i ka wahine i nā wahine a i ʻole nā kāne. ʻO kēia wale nō nā ʻano kīnā ʻole o nā holoholona o kēia ʻohana.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā dia e noho nei i ke anuanu a me nā aniau mahana i hoʻokahe i kā lākou mau antlers i kēlā me kēia makahiki, a ma hope e ulu lākou i nā mea hou - ʻoi aku ka lālā a me ka maikaʻi. Akā ʻo nā laha o kēia mau holoholona e noho nei i kahi ʻano mahana me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻole me kā lākou ponoʻī. ʻO ka palule o nā dia āpau kahi lahilahi a lahilahi hoʻi, me kahi papa ea waena i hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia a uhi ʻaneʻane i ke kino holoʻokoʻa o ka holoholona. ʻOiai ʻo nā pepeiaohao o nā ʻano dia he nui i uhi ʻia me ka ʻili, me ka lauoho pōkole, velvety e ulu ana ma luna o lākou. I ka hoʻoilo, lilo ka lauoho lauoho i lōʻihi a mānoanoa, kahi e maʻalahi ai i nā holoholona e hoʻomanawanui i ke anuanu.
ʻO ka hapanui o nā dia dia lauoho lauoho pōkole, a ʻo ke kala o ko lākou huluhulu ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula one paha i nā aka like ʻole. Akā ʻo ka hapanui o kā lākou laha he mālamalama nā māka ma kahi kua hina a brownish kāʻei kua. ʻO kahi laʻana, nui nā dia i nāwaliwali o ke kala ma ke kua o nā ʻūhā, e hana ana i kahi wahi māmā i kapa ʻia he "aniani". A ʻo ka ʻili o ka dia sika, e like me ko lākou inoa, kiko ʻia me nā kiko keʻokeʻo liʻiliʻi o ke ʻano poepoe, e like me ka lilelile o ka lā mai kahi mamao.
Hoihoi ia! I nā ʻano dia he nui, ʻike wale ʻia nā keiki hānai a hiki i kekahi mau makahiki, ʻoiai he ʻokoʻa ke kala a nā holoholona makua me kekahi mau ʻāpana o ke kino.
Ka hana a me ka nohona
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā dia e noho ana ma ka latitu ʻākau he poʻe nomadic... I ke kauwela, ʻai lākou i nā lau nahele, ulu nui i ka mauʻu, kahi e makemake ai kēia mau holoholona e hoʻomaha, a i ke kau anuanu e hele lākou i nā ulu lāʻau, ʻoiai maʻalahi ka loaʻa ʻana o nā wahi ma laila i uhi ʻole ʻia me ka hau, kahi mea maʻalahi ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai a ʻae iā ʻoe e neʻe wikiwiki i ka hihia lele mahuka ʻana mai nā predators.
Kūlike ʻole i ka manaʻo o ka dia me he holoholona koa lā, hoʻokumu ʻia i heraldry, he ʻano hilahila ka hapanui o lākou. Mai ʻae ʻo Deer i ke kokoke loa iā lākou iho, a hiki i kahi kani ʻoi a nui hoʻi ke hoʻouna i kahi pūʻulu nui e lele. Eia kekahi, i waena o nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana dia, ʻike pinepine ʻia nā holoholona makaʻu a ikaika hoʻi. ʻOiai me nā dia makua, ʻaʻole pāʻani nā pāʻani maʻamau o nā ʻōpio i ka leʻaleʻa hala ʻole o nā keiki, akā ʻo nā hakakā maoli nō.
Eia nō naʻe, me kā lākou leʻaleʻa a me ka hakakā i ka poʻe hoʻokūkū, nā kāne makua, ʻoiai i loko o nā kaua ikaika loa, ʻaʻole i hōʻeha iki kekahi i kekahi. ʻO ka hapanui o ka manawa, ua kaupalena ʻia ia mea i ka hoʻokuʻi ʻia ʻana o nā pepeiaohao "poʻo i ke poʻo", a i ʻole ke ʻano o ka hoʻokūkū mokomoko, ke kū nā kāne ʻelua ma ko lākou mau wāwae ʻaoʻao, a hoʻokuʻi pū kekahi me nā ʻāʻī o mua.
Hoihoi ia! Akā ʻo ka dia, ʻaʻole like me nā kāne, hiki ke hōʻike i ka wiwo ʻole i ka wā e pale ai i kā lākou keiki mai nā ʻenemi. ʻO ka wahine me ke kanalua ʻole e lele i luna i kekahi predator nāna e lawe i loko o kona poʻo e hoʻouka i kāna keiki.
ʻO ka mea a ka maka o ka makaʻu e makaʻu ai a ʻo ka mea a lākou e hōʻalo ai he kāne ia. ʻOiai ʻo ka pilau o nā poʻe e hōʻike kokoke ana i ka pipi hiki ke makaʻu i nā holoholona āpau, kahi e holo koke ai e haʻalele i ka wahi holoholona a neʻe i kahi ʻē aʻe, palekana. A inā kūleʻa ke kanaka i ka hopu ʻana i ka manu, ʻaʻole e hoʻāʻo kona makuahine e hoʻopakele i kāna keiki mai ka pilikia: kū ʻo ia i kahi mamao a nānā, akā ʻaʻole loa ia e ālai.
Ma ke ʻano he noho, noho ka dia ma nā pūʻā liʻiliʻi, i hoʻopili ʻia mai 3 a 6 a ʻoi paha mau kānaka. I ka manawa like, hāʻawi ʻia kahi ʻāina kaʻawale i kēlā me kēia hui o nā holoholona, a lākou e pale pono ai i ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana o nā malihini. I mea e kaha ai i nā palena o kā lākou waiwai, kaha kaha nā dia i nā wahi me nā glands kūikawā ma waena o nā manamana wāwae ma ko lākou mau ʻāʻī. Inā hele hewa ʻole nā holoholona mai nā holoholona ʻē aʻe i ko lākou ʻāina, a laila e kipaku koke ʻia nā malihini.
ʻO nā holoholona e noho ana i nā kuahiwi, me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu, e iho mai nā kula alpine a me nā ululāʻau alpine lalo: i kēlā mau wahi kahi liʻiliʻi ka hau a kahi e maʻalahi ai ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai. I ka manawa like, ʻo nā wahine me nā keiki hānai ka mea mua i hiki i nā wahi hoʻoilo, a ʻo nā kāne, maʻa mau, hui pū me lākou ma hope. Ma muli o kaʻoiaʻiʻo i ko lākou wahi maoli, he nui nā ʻenemi o ka dia e alualu ai iā lākou, ua aʻo kēia mau holoholona e holo wikiwiki loa. No laila, no ka laʻana, hiki i kahi dia ʻulaʻula ke holo aku mai kahi ʻāhi o nā ʻīlio hae e hiki ke piʻi i 50-55 km / h.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola o nā dia
I ko lākou nohona kūlohelohe, ola nā dia a hiki i iwakālua mau makahiki, ʻoiai i ke pio ʻana e ola paha lākou i nā makahiki he 10... ʻOiaʻiʻo, i ka nāhelehele, ʻaʻole mālama i kēia mau holoholona āpau i ke ʻano o ia mau makahiki hanohano, no ka mea he nui nā ʻenemi o ka dia, ka mea e hoʻoliʻiliʻi nui i kā lākou helu a pale i ka hapa nui o lākou mai ka ola a hiki i ka ʻelemakule. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā māiʻuʻu a me nā niho o nā mea hoʻomake, nā keiki liʻiliʻi a me nā dia ʻōpio, ua ulu aʻe, akā ʻike ʻole a hiki ʻole ke pale aku iā lākou iho, a me nā holoholona maʻi a nāwaliwali hoʻi, e make i nā māiʻuʻu a me nā niho o nā mea ʻaihue.
Dimorphism moekolohe
ʻO ka dimorphism moekolohe i ka hapanui o nā ʻano dia, ma ke ʻano he ʻōlelo, haʻi ʻia: ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine a me ke aloha i ke kumukānāwai ma mua o nā kāne, a ʻo ka ʻaneʻane, ʻaneʻane nā dia āpau, koe wale nō nā ʻelele o nā ʻano reindeer, nele i nā antlers.
Hoihoi ia! ʻOiai ʻaʻole pinepine, akā i waena o nā dia he kāne ʻaʻohewi. ʻAʻole hiki i nā ʻepekema ke ʻōlelo ʻoiaʻiʻo no ke aha e hānau ai kēlā mau kanaka, akā aia kekahi mau manaʻo no ka loli ʻana o ka moʻo hormonal i nā holoholona ʻōpio ʻokoʻa i lawe ʻia e ka ʻohana dia.
ʻOkoʻa mai ka elk a me ka roe
ʻOiai ka like o waho o ka elk a me ka dia i ke dia, he nui nā ʻano like ʻole o kēia mau holoholona.
No laila, ʻokoʻa kahi elk mai ka dia, ʻo ka mea mua, i nā hiʻohiʻona aʻe:
- Lōʻihi loa a lahilahi nā wāwae, hoʻohālikelike loa me kahi kino nui aʻe ma mua o ko dia.
- Maloʻo ke ʻano puʻupuʻu.
- Kūleʻa ke poʻo ihu nui i ka outline.
- ʻO ke lehelehe luna i luna e hoʻopili i ka lehelehe lalo.
- ʻO kahi ulu o ka ʻili ma lalo o ka ʻāʻī, i kapa ʻia ʻo "earring."
- Kukui nāwa i nā forelegs.
- Nui nā kāne e hohola i nā pepeiaohao, e like me ka palau i ke ʻano, ʻo ia ke kumu e kapa pinepine ʻia ai ka moose elk.
- ʻO kahi kapa lūlū me kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa loa mai ka dia palupalu a wili.
- ʻAʻole like me nā dia hilahila, ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa ka elk i ke ʻano maka wiwo ʻole. He holoholona mālie a hilinaʻi pono ʻole kēia mea e huli ʻole ai i stampede mai hoʻokahi wale nō leo nui.
- Makemake ʻo Elks e noho hoʻokahi a i ʻole 3-4 mau kānaka. ʻAʻole lākou i hoʻokumu i kahi pua e like me nā dia. Ma ke ʻano he kaulike, hiki i nā moose ke hana i kekahi ʻano holoholona o 5-8 poʻo i ke kauwela a i ka hoʻoilo paha, ke hui pū nā kāne a me nā wahine hoʻokahi i ka wahine me nā keiki. Hōʻaleʻa kēlā ʻano holoholona me ka hōʻea ʻana o ka puna.
- Monogamy: paʻa mau ka moose i ka hoa like no ke ola, ʻokoʻa ka hapanui o nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana dia.
Akā he aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā dia a me nā dia, i like ke ʻano me lākou i ka helehelena.
- Ua hōʻike palupalu i ka dimorphism moekolohe: ʻoi iki ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne, a ʻo kekahi o lākou he pepeiaohao, ʻoiai i kekahi manawa he ʻano kaulike ʻole.
- ʻOi aku a emi iki paha ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kuhihewa, a ʻokoʻa i nā dia ʻē aʻe, ua kuhikuhi nā pepeiaohao o nā dia.
- ʻO ke poʻo o nā dia roe ka nui, pōkole a me ka liʻiliʻi o ke aloha ma mua o ko dia.
- I ke kauwela, makemake nā dia roe e alakaʻi i kahi ola kaʻawale a ʻohana paha, akā i ka hoʻoilo ua hoʻokumu lākou i nā pua o 10-15 poʻo, ʻoiai e mālama mau nā dia i nā hui o 3-6 a ʻoi paha nā holoholona.
- ʻO nā wahine wahine Roe nā mea wale nō o nā ungulate āpau i hiki ke hoʻopanee i ka hāpai ʻana e 4-4.5 mau mahina i mea e hānau keiki ai i ka manawa maikaʻi o ka makahiki.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO Roe dia, e like me nā dia ʻōpio, he kala kala ko lākou, kahi a lākou e hūnā ai mai nā mea ʻino i ka nahele.
Lāhui dia
Aia i loko o ka ʻohana dia he 3 mau ʻohana ʻohana (dia wai, dia ʻiʻo a me nā dia o ka Honua Hou), e hoʻopili pū ana me 19 mau moʻokūʻauhau hou a me nā lāhui he 51. Inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka subfamily o dia maoli.
Wahi a ka ʻano o ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ma muli o ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona waho a me nā anatomical, eia nā ʻano o kēia mau holoholona hanohano.
- Dia dia helehelena keʻokeʻo.
- Dia dia Pilipino.
- ʻO Barasinga.
- ʻO ka dia ʻulaʻula, eia kekahi, ua mahele ʻia kēia ʻano i nā ʻāpana e like me Bukhara dia, wapiti, maral, ʻeleka ʻulaʻula a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
- Deer-lyre.
- Filipino Zambar.
- Dia dia.
- Maned sambar.
- Sambar ʻĀnia.
ʻO ko Schomburg deer, i ʻike ʻia i kēia manawa ua nalo i 1938, no ka lālā ʻohana o ka dia maoli nō.... Eia nō naʻe, manaʻo kekahi mau zizologists ʻaʻole i pau loa kēia ʻano laha a ʻo ka hope o kāna mau lunamakaʻāinana e noho nei ma kekahi wahi ma waena o Thailand.
Hoihoi ia! Wahi a kekahi hoʻohālikelike ʻē aʻe, e pili ana i ke aʻo ʻana i nā mea pili i nā holoholona, ʻelua wale nō ʻano no ke dia maoli: dia ʻulaʻula a me nā dia sika. I kēia hihia, mahele ʻia ka mua o lākou i 18, a ʻo ka lua - i 16 mau ʻāpana, ʻoiai ke koena o nā laha i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā ʻohana pili pili ʻokoʻa.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Ua noho ka dia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, i hiki i nā ʻelele o nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka ʻohana dia ke loaʻa maoli ma nā wahi āpau, koe wale nō paha me nā mokupuni pāhili liʻiliʻi (a ʻo kekahi o lākou i lawe ʻia mai e nā poʻe), a ʻo nā wahi hau hoʻi o ka Arctic a me ka Antarctic.
Kūleʻa ʻole kēia mau holoholona i nā kūlana nohona, ʻoluʻolu lākou ma ka pāpū a ma nā kuahiwi, ma kahi aniau a me ka maloʻo. Hiki iā lākou ke noho i nā kahawai, tundra a me nā kula alpine. Eia nō naʻe, he lau ākea ka nohona punahele o ka dia a, ʻo ka pinepine ʻole, nā ululāʻau coniferous, kahi e lawa ai nā mea kanu a me nā wai a ma nā wahi malumalu e aloha ai kēia mau holoholona a hānai lākou i ke awakea.
ʻAi deer
E like me nā mea kanu lāʻau a pau, ʻai nā dia i nā mea kanu i nā mea kanu. Hoʻokumu ʻia kā lākou papaʻai i ka mauʻu hou, a me nā legume a me nā hua. I ka hoʻoilo, lawe nā dia i nā anilā anuanu mai ka hau i nā lau i hāʻule i ka hāʻule, a me nā acorn, kahi mea kōkua nui i kā lākou papaʻai hoʻoilo maʻamau, ʻo ia hoʻi ka nui o nā lāʻau lāʻau a me nā kumulāʻau. Hiki i nā holoholona e noho i nā ululāʻau coniferous ke ʻai pū i nā nila a me ka spruce i ka hoʻoilo. Ke loaʻa iā lākou kahi manawa kūpono, ʻahaʻaina ka dia ma nā hua, nā huaʻai, nā chestnuts, nā nati a me nā ʻanoʻano o nā mea kanu like ʻole. ʻAʻole lākou e hōʻole i ka lau nahele, ka limu a me nā laikini.
Hoihoi ia! I mea e hoʻopiha ai i ka lako o nā minelala i loko o ke kino a mālama i ke kaulike wai-paʻakai, nā ʻelele o ka genus genus lick salt crystals ma nā paʻakai paʻakai, a me ka ʻūlū ʻana ma ka honua i pulu i nā paʻakai mineral.
I ke kau wela, hoʻāʻo nā dia e ʻai i nā lau nahele ma nā wanaʻao a me nā ahiahi, a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wela o ke awakea, hele lākou i loko o ka ululāʻau ulu, kahi e moe ai i ka malu o nā kumulāʻau a hiki i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wela e hōʻemi. I ka hoʻoilo, ke loaʻa ka meaʻai liʻiliʻi, hānai nā holoholona i ka lā holoʻokoʻa i mea e hoʻopiha ai i ka lako o ka ikehu a me nā meaʻai i ke kino.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Hana ʻo Reindeer rut i ka hāʻule a holo mai kahi o Kepakemapa a Nowemapa. I loko o kēia wā, hana ʻia nā haremes, nona hoʻokahi kāne a mai ka ʻelua a i ka iwakālua mau wahine. Ke pale nei i kāna harem, hoʻopuka ka dia i kahi leo kani, a pālahalaha loa i kēlā wahi.
I ka wā o ka rut, hakakā pinepine nā hakakā ma waena o nā dia kāne, ke hoʻokūkū, e hoʻokuʻi ana me nā pepeiaohao, e ʻike ʻo wai o lākou ka mea i ʻoi aku ka ikaika a no laila ʻoi aku ka pono e hoʻomau i ko lākou lāhui. ʻAʻole paʻakikī ka hakakā ʻana ma waena o ka reindeer me ka hōʻeha ʻia o ke kino ʻeha, akā hiki i nā kāne ke haki i ko lākou mau pepeiaohao i kēia ala a i ʻole, ke launa pū ʻana me lākou, ʻaʻole hiki ke hemo iā lākou iho a no kēia make o ka pōloli.
Hoihoi ia! ʻOiai ʻaʻole pinepine, akā i waena o nā dia kāne he mau mea ʻole pepeiaohao. ʻAʻole lākou i komo i kahi kaua me nā mea hoʻokūkū, ʻoiai ʻaʻohe a lākou mea e hakakā ai, akā, me he mea lā he wahine, hoʻāʻo lākou e hoʻopunipuni i loko o kā haʻi mea ʻē aʻe a hui pū me kekahi o nā reindeer ʻoiai ʻo ka "mea nona" o ka harem e ʻike i ka pilina me kāna puana like e like me ia iho, hoʻokūkū.
ʻO ka hana ʻo Reindeer ma kahi o 8.5 mau mahina, hānau ʻia nā wana i ke kau mahana: mai ka waena o Mei a waena o Iulai. Lawe mai ka wahine i hoʻokahi, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi - ʻelua mau dia i ʻike ʻia, nona ke kala ʻokoʻa e kōkua iā lākou e hūnā mai nā mea ʻino i waena o nā lālā pili a no ka manawa mua ko lākou pale nui.... Hānai ka reindeer i kāna mau keiki me ka waiū no ka manawa lōʻihi, i kekahi manawa ma loko o ka makahiki, ʻoiai mai ka mahina hoʻokahi e hoʻomaka nā keiki e hānai iā lākou iho, e ʻai ana i ka mauʻu a me nā wahi holoholona ʻē aʻe.
Ma kahi o hoʻokahi makahiki o ka makahiki, hoʻomaka nā kāne ʻōpio e ulu i nā pepeiaohao, e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia e nā hiʻohiʻona o nā puʻupuʻu ma ko lākou lae. ʻO nā pepeiaohao mua i loaʻa ʻole nā ramifications e hoʻokahe ʻia e ka dia ma hope o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka puna. Me kēlā me kēia makahiki e hiki mai ana, e ikaika a ikaika hoʻi nā pepeiaohao, a e piʻi mālie ka nui o nā kaʻina hana ma luna o lākou. ʻOkoʻa ke ʻōpio ʻōpio e kaukaʻi ʻia i ka wahine. Hiki i nā dia wahine i ke oʻo kolohe ma 14-16 mau mahina, a i nā kāne hiki mai ia ma hope - i ʻelua a i ʻole ʻekolu mau makahiki.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻO nā ʻenemi weliweli loa o nā dia he ʻīlio hae, akā ma waho o lākou, nā mea ʻaihue ʻē aʻe, e like me nā lynxes, nā tigre, nā leopadi, nā wolverine a me nā bea, ʻaʻole lākou e hōʻole i ka ʻona. A i ka Honua Hou, ʻo kekahi o nā ʻenemi weliweli loa o ka dia dia coyotes a me cougars.
Ma ke ʻano he rula, he dia nā ʻōpio ʻōpio, a ʻo nā mea maʻi hoʻi, nāwaliwali, nā limu a me nā holoholona maʻi paha. Eia kekahi, inā hakakā ka dia no nā keiki me nā mea ʻino, me ka mālama ʻole i ko lākou ola iho, a laila e hāʻawi ʻia nā mea maʻi, ʻeha, nāwaliwali a ʻelemakule paha i nā mea ʻaihue e ke koena o ka ʻohana me ka ʻole o nā kūʻē, a ʻaʻohe o nā dia ʻē aʻe e manaʻo e uwao no lākou.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
ʻOiai ke ʻano maʻalahi o nā dia i nā kūlana o ke ola a noho ʻia ʻaneʻane ma nā wahi āpau o ka honua, aia kekahi o kā lākou laha e kokoke ana i ka make a i ʻole nā ʻāpana palupalu:
- Pelapela: lira deer, ʻike maka ʻia ʻo Filipino.
- Nā lāhui nāwaliwali: he dia keʻokeʻo, barasinga, Pilipino, maned a me India sambara.
I ka manawa like, nā dia ʻulaʻula a me nā dia sika i waena o nā ʻano makaʻu liʻiliʻi. Ke ulu pono nei ko lākou heluna kanaka, a uhi ka lākou wahi i ka honua holoʻokoʻa. He paʻakikī loa e helu i kā lākou helu helu. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻia me ke kumu kūpono ʻaʻole e hoʻoweliweli ʻia kēia mau ʻano ʻelala ʻelua me ka luku ʻia.
Hoihoi ia! No ka mea kakaʻikahi, a ʻoi loa aku, nā ʻano dia o nā dia. ...
I kēia hihia, ʻo ka hōʻemi iki ʻana i nā kūlana noho a i ʻole kekahi mea kūlohelohe a anthropogenic maikaʻi ʻole paha e hoʻoweliweli ʻole i ke olakino o ka lehulehu, akā ʻo ke ola maoli nō o kēia a me kēlā me kēia ʻano laha o ka dia.
Waiwai kālepa
ʻOiai i ka wā kahiko, ua ʻimi nā kānaka i dia, a ma kahi o ka ʻiʻo ono, ua ʻumeʻume ʻia lākou e nā ʻili a me nā uaua i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana lole a me nā hale. Mai ke Kaiwaenahonua a hiki i ka hoʻomaka o ke kenekulia 20, ua laha nui ka ʻimi holoholona ʻana. ʻO nā poʻe aliʻi a me nā aliʻi hanohano i mālama i ka lawelawe ma kā lākou mau pā hale a me nā ʻāina he nui i nā mea pāʻani pāʻani a me nā poʻe ʻimi holoholona i hana i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o kēia ʻano leʻaleʻa.... I kēia manawa, ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia ka ʻimi holoholona i nā wahi āpau a ʻaʻole i kekahi manawa o ka makahiki, e like me ka wā ma mua.
Eia nō naʻe, ke hoʻohua nei i nā dia i loko o ke pio ʻana, ma nā mahina ʻai dia kūikawā, ʻae ʻia e loaʻa nā dia maikaʻi maikaʻi, i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā ʻano ʻono o nā pāʻani. Akā waiwai ka dia ʻaʻole wale no kā lākou ʻiʻo ono. ʻO nā dia anter, ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka manawa e ossify ai, a i ʻole kapa ʻia he antlers, waiwai nui nō hoʻi lākou ma muli o kā lākou lāʻau lapaʻau maoli. No kēia kumu, hānai ʻia lākou i nā mahiʻai kūikawā, a loaʻa nā antlers me ka pepehi ʻole ʻana i nā holoholona, ma ka ʻoki ʻana iā lākou i nā poʻo o nā dia ola.
Hoihoi ia! I kekahi mau lāhui, manaʻo ʻia ke koko dia he lāʻau. No laila, i waena o nā shamans o ka lāhui ʻōiwi o Altai a me ka ʻĀkau, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka waiwai nui o nā lāʻau āpau āpau.
ʻOiai ʻo nā anela dia e ʻike i kā lākou hoʻohana: hana pinepine ʻia nā mea hoʻomanaʻo like ʻole iā lākou. I kēia mau lā, aia kahi kuʻuna o ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā anela dia i nā holoholona holoholona e like me nā mea pāʻani. Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Deer he mau hōʻailona o ka nani a me ka lokomaikaʻi. ʻO kēia mau holoholona, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia e ka hiki ke maʻalahi i ka aneane o nā ʻano o ke ola ʻana, ua noho ʻaneʻane ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.
Mahalo ka poʻe iā lākou no ko lākou ʻano hanohano i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia a no nā pono i lawe ʻia mai e kēia mau holoholona nani iā lākou.... Ua helu ʻia nā ʻano dia he nui loa i loko o ka puke Red a nānā pono ʻia ka helu o ko lākou lehulehu. Makemake wau e hilinaʻi i kēia mau hana e kōkua ai ʻaʻole wale no ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻano laha like ʻole o kēia mau holoholona hanohano, akā e hoʻonui pū i ka heluna o nā ʻano dia i manaʻo ʻia he ʻano laha a ʻaneʻane weliweli.
