Swordfish, a i ʻole swordfish (Xiphias gladius) - kahi lunamaka o nā ʻano iʻa i hoʻopau ʻia no ke kauoha o perch-like a me ka ʻohana o nosed-sword, a i ʻole Xiphiidae. Hiki i nā iʻa nui ke mālama i ka mahanahana o nā maka a me ka lolo i ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ke ana wela o ke kaiapuni, no ka endothermia. He meaʻai ākea ka predator ikaika, hana i nā neʻe lōʻihi ʻana, a he mea nui ia o ka lawaiʻa haʻuki.
Ka wehewehe o ka iʻa pahi kaua
No ka manawa mua, ua hōʻike ʻepekema ʻia ke ʻano o kahi iʻa pahi kaua i ka makahiki 1758... ʻO Carl Linnaeus, ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka puke ʻumi o ka puke "The System of Nature", i wehewehe i nā ʻelele o kēia ʻano, akā ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka binomen i nā loli a hiki i kēia lā.
Helehelena
Loaʻa i ka iʻa kahi kino ikaika a elongated, paukūʻolokaʻa i ka ʻāpana kuea, me ka ʻūʻī ʻana i ka huelo. ʻO ka "ihe" a i ʻole "pahi kaua", ʻo ia ka ʻūlū luna elongated, i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka iwi ihal a me nā iwi premaxillary, a he ʻano pālahalaha hoʻi e ʻike ʻia i ke ala dorsoventral. ʻO ke kūlana haʻahaʻa o ka waha o ka non-retractable ʻano i ka loaʻa ʻole o nā niho ma nā ā. Nui ka nui o nā maka, a ʻaʻohe pili o nā membrane gill i ka wahi intergill. ʻAʻohe hoʻi nā stamens lālā, no laila ke hōʻike ʻia nei nā gills e nā pā i hoʻololi ʻia i hoʻohui ʻia i hoʻokahi pā mesh.
Hoihoi ia! Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia he nui nā ʻokoʻa o ka pae larval a me nā iʻa pahiwa ʻōpio mai nā mākua i ka uhi scaly a me nā morphology, a ʻo nā loli e kū mālie nei i ka helehelena kūwaho ma hope wale nō a hiki i ka iʻa i hoʻokahi mika ka lōʻihi.
Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka lua o nā peʻa dorsal e kahi āpau koʻikoʻi ma waena o nā kumu. ʻO ka fin dorsal mua loa he kumu pōkole, hoʻomaka ma luna pono o ka hope o ke poʻo, a loaʻa 34 a 49 mau kukuna o ka palupalu. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka lua o ka lua ma mua o ka mua, ua neʻe lōʻihi i ka ʻāpana caudal, me 3-6 mau kukuna palupalu. ʻAʻohe loa nā kukuna paʻakikī i loko o kahi mau anal fins. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā peʻa pectoral o ka iʻa sword sword e kahi ʻano o ka pahi, ʻoiai ke ʻike ʻole ʻia nā peʻa ventral. Kaulana ka maka o ka caudal a me ka ʻano o ka mahina.
ʻO ka hope o ka iʻa pedang a me kona kino luna ʻeleʻele i ke kala, akā huli ke ʻano o kēia waihoʻoluʻu i kahi malu brown brown i ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻōpū. ʻEleʻele a ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele nā membranes i nā lita āpau, me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka ikaika. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻōpio ma ke kū ʻana o nā kahakaha transverse, i nalo loa i ka wā o ka ulu ʻana a me ka ulu ʻana o ka iʻa. ʻO ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o kahi iʻa pahi kaua makua he 4.5 m, akā ʻo ka pinepine ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i ʻekolu mika. ʻO ke kaupaona o kahi iʻa pelagic seaodromous kai hiki i 600-650 kg.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ka nohona
ʻO ka iʻa pahi kaua kahi i kūpono e ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ka ʻauʻau wikiwiki a wikiwiki hoʻi o nā poʻe a pau o ke kai i kēia lā. Hiki i kēlā iʻa pelagic pelepic seaod ke hiki ke wikiwiki a hiki i 120 km / h, ke kumu o ke kū ʻana o kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona i ke ʻano o ke kino. Mahalo i ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "pahi kaua", hoʻoliʻiliʻi loa nā mea kauō i ka neʻe ʻana o ka iʻa i loko o kahi kai kūpikipiki. Ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, he ʻano torpedo a like ʻole ke kino o ka iʻa pahiwa makua me ka ʻole o nā unahi.
ʻO ka iʻa pahi kaua, a me kona mau hoahānau kokoke loa, he gills, ʻaʻole ia he kino hanu wale nō, akā lawelawe pū ʻia me he ʻenekini hydro-jet no ke ola kai. Ma o ia mau aniani, lawe ʻia kahi kahe mau o ka wai, a mālama ʻia kona wikiwiki e ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻopili ʻana a ākea paha o nā ʻāwaha.
Hoihoi ia! Hiki i nā poʻe pahi kaua ke holo lōʻihi, akā i ka wā mālie makemake lākou e piʻi i luna o ka wai, kahi e ʻauʻau ai, e hōʻike ana i kā lākou moʻo dorsal. Kū i kēlā me kēia manawa, kiʻi ka iʻa pahi kaua i ka wikiwiki a lele i waho o ka wai, hāʻule hope hou i ka walaʻau.
ʻO ke kino o ka iʻa pahi kaua kahi mahana ma kahi o 12-15e pili anaUa ʻoi aku ʻo C i ke ʻano o ke ana wela o ka wai kai. ʻO kēia hiʻohiʻona e hōʻoia i ka mākaukau kiʻekiʻe "hoʻomaka" o ka iʻa, e ʻae ai iā ʻoe e hoʻomohala i ka wikiwiki i ka wā e ʻimi ai a i ʻole inā e ʻalo i nā ʻenemi.
Ehia mau iʻa pahi kaua e ola nei
ʻOi aku ka nui o nā wahine wahine Swordfish ma mua o nā kāne swordfish a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke ola... Ma ka awelika, ʻo nā lunamaka o ka iʻa iʻa iʻa ʻia, me ka ʻoka o nā perchiformes a me ka ʻohana o nā pahi kaua, ʻaʻole ola he 10 mau makahiki.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Kūleʻa ka Swordfish i loko o nā wai o nā kai a me nā moana o ka honua, koe wale nō nā latitu arctic. ʻIke ʻia nā iʻa pelodic pelodic nui ma ka Moana ʻAkelanika, ma nā wai o Newfoundland a me Iceland, ma ke kai ʻĀkau a me ke Kaiwaenahonua, a ma nā kahakai kahakai o ka Azov a me nā Kai ʻEleʻele. Lawe ʻia ka lawaiʻa lawaiʻa no ka iʻa pahi kaua i loko o ka wai o ka Pākīpika, ʻĀnia a me nā moana ʻAkelanika, kahi i kiʻekiʻe loa ai ka helu o nā ʻelele o ka ʻohana swordfish.
Papaʻai Swordfish
ʻO ka iʻa pahi kaua kahi o nā mea ʻaihue kūpono kūpono a he nui ka nui o nā meaʻai. Ma muli o ka noho ʻana o nā pahi kaua a pau i kēia manawa he kamaʻāina o ka epi- a me ka mesopelagic, hana lākou i ka neʻe mau a kū i ka pae wai. Hele ka Swordfish mai ka papa o ka wai a hohonu o ʻewalu haneli mau mika o ka hohonu, a hiki nō ke neʻe ma waena o ka wai hāmama a me nā wahi kai. ʻO kēia hiʻohiʻona e hoʻoholo i ka papaʻai o nā swordtails, kahi e hoʻopili ai i nā holoholona i nā meaola nui a liʻiliʻi paha mai nā wai kokoke, a me nā iʻa benthic, cephalopods, a me nā iʻa pelagic nui aʻe.
Hoihoi ia!ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā pahi kaua a me marlin, e hoʻohana ana i kā lākou "ihe" wale nō no ke kumu o ka mea pio kupanaha, ʻo ka eo ʻana o ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia me kahi "pahi kaua". I loko o nā ʻōpū o ka iʻa pahi kaua i hopu ʻia, aia nā heʻe a me nā iʻa i ʻoki maoli ʻia i mau ʻāpana a i ʻole nā koʻi o ka pōʻino i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka "pahi kaua".
ʻO ka papaʻai o ka nui o nā iʻa pahi kaua e noho ana i ka wai kai o ka hikina o Australia, i kekahi manawa i hala aku nei, i ʻike ʻia e ka nui o nā cephalopods. I kēia lā, ʻokoʻa ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka papaʻai o ka iʻa ped sword i waena o nā kānaka e noho ana i kahakai a me nā wai hāmama. I ka hihia mua, predominate ka iʻa, a i ka lua, cephalopods.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
ʻO nā ʻikepili e pili ana i ka ulu ʻana o ka iʻa sword sword he kakaikahi loa a kūʻē loa ia, a no ka ʻokoʻa paha o ka poʻe e noho ana i nā wahi like ʻole. Pua mai nā Swordflies i nā papa o luna o ka wai ma kahi mahana o 23 ° C a me ka paʻakai i ka laulā o 33.8-37.4 ‰.
ʻIke ʻia ka wā e huahua mai ai nā iʻa o ka iʻa i ka wai equatorial o ka Honua Honua a puni ka makahiki. I loko o ka wai o ka Caribbean a me ke Kai Kūʻono ʻo Mekiko, ke piʻi nei ka ulu ma waena o ʻApelila a Kepakemapa. I ka Moana Pākīpika, hana ka lū ʻana i ka wā puna a me ke kauwela.
ʻO ka caviar Swordfish kahi pelagic, me ke anawaena o 1.6-1.8 mm, aniani moakaka, me kahi kulu momona nui aʻe.... Kiʻekiʻena nā helu momona hiki ke kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka larva hatching ma kahi o 0.4 cm. He ʻano ʻokoʻa ka pae larval o ka iʻa pahi kaua a loaʻa i kahi metamorphosis lōʻihi. Ma muli o ka hoʻomau mau ʻana o ia hana a lōʻihi ka manawa, ʻaʻole kū i waho i nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa. He kino nawaliwali ka pigmented larva, he ihu pōkole, a hoʻopuehu ʻia nā unahi manamana kūikawā i loko o ke kino.
Hoihoi ia! Hānau ʻia ka Swordfish me kahi poʻo poepoe, akā me ka lohi, i ke kaʻina o ka ulu a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana, lilo ka poʻo i mea ʻoi loa a lilo i ʻano like me ka "pahi kaua".
Me ka hoʻomohala hana a me ka ulu ʻana, hoʻolōʻihi ʻia nā iwi ā o ka larvae, akā noho like me ka lōʻihi. Hele pū nā hana ulu hou me ka ulu wikiwiki o ka iwi ā luna, ma muli o ke poʻo o ia iʻa i loaʻa ke ʻano o kahi "ihe" a "pahi kaua" paha. ʻO nā kānaka me ka lōʻihi o ke kino o 23 knm i hoʻokahi fin dorsal e hohola ana ma ke kino a hoʻokahi anal fin, a hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā unahi i nā lālani he nui. Pēlā nō, he laina ʻōwili ʻaoʻao ko kēlā ʻōpio, a aia nā niho ma nā iwi ā.
I ke kaʻina o ka ulu hou ʻana, hoʻonui ka ʻaoʻao mua o ka fin dorsal i ke kiʻekiʻe. Ma hope o ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka swordfish i 50 knm, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka lua o ka fin dorsal, e pili ana i ka mua. ʻO nā unahi a me nā niho, a me ka laina laina, nalo loa wale nō i nā poʻe makua ʻole i hiki i kahi mika ka lōʻihi. I kēia makahiki, i nā swordtails, ʻo ka hapa mua wale nō i hoʻonui ʻia o ka fin dorsal mua, ʻo ka lua o ka fin dorsal fin, a he mau anal anal, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻokoʻa ʻia kekahi i kekahi.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻAʻohe iʻa maoli o ka iʻa pelagic pelagic makua i nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe i ke kūlohelohe. Hiki i ke Swordfish ke hāʻule i pio i kahi kohola kohola a manō paha. ʻImi pinepine ʻia nā ʻōpio a me nā iʻa liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e nā iʻa pelagic, e like me ka marlin ʻeleʻele, ʻAkalani uliuli marlin, lawaiʻa, tuna melemele, a me nā coryphans.
Eia nō naʻe, ma kahi o kanalima mau ʻano o nā meaola parasite i loaʻa i ka meaola swordfish, i hōʻike ʻia e nā cestodes i loko o ka ʻōpū a me nā ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, nematodes i loko o ka ʻōpū, nā trematode ma nā gills a me nā copepods ma luna o ka iʻa kino. ʻO ka pinepine, nā isopods a me nā monogeneans, a me nā barnacles a me nā ʻaoʻao-scrapers, parasitize i ke kino o nā iʻa pelagic seaodromic.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Ma nā panalāʻau o kekahi mau wahi, ua lawaiʻa ʻia ka lawaiʻa pahiwa ʻana o kahi iʻa pahi kaua waiwai nui loa me nā ʻupena kikoʻī kūikawā. ʻEwalu mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua hoʻohui ʻia ka iʻa pelagic seaodromous e Greenpeace i ka papa inoa ʻulaʻula o nā huahana kai i kūʻai ʻia ma loko o nā supermarkets, kahi e wehewehe ai i ka makaʻu nui o ka lawaiʻa ʻana.
Waiwai kālepa
No Swordfish kahi o ka mahele o nā iʻa kālepa waiwai a kaulana i nā ʻāina he nui... Lawe nui ʻia ka lawaiʻa lawaiʻa e nā laina pelagic. Lawe ʻia kēia iʻa i kanakolu mau ʻāina like ʻole, e like me Iapana a me ʻAmelika, ʻItalia a me Sepania, Kanada, Kōlea a me Kina, a ʻo Pilipino a me Mekiko hoʻi.
Ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia kahi lunamakaʻāinana o nā ʻano iʻa iʻa i uhi ʻia no ke kauoha o perchiformes a me ka ʻohana swordfish kahi waiwai nui i ka lawaiʻa haʻuki ke lawaiʻa ʻia e ka trolling. ʻO ka iʻa poni keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, e ʻono loa e like me ka puaʻa, hiki ke puhi a hoʻomoʻa ʻia, a kuke ʻia paha ma kahi pā kuʻuna.
Hoihoi ia!ʻAʻohe o ka iwi Swordfish iwi liʻiliʻi, ʻike ʻia e ke ʻono kiʻekiʻe, a ʻaʻohe ʻaʻala pungent i loko o nā iʻa āpau.
ʻO nā lawaiʻa pahi kaua nui loa e ʻike ʻia ma waenakonu o ka hikina a ma ka ʻaoʻao komohana komohana o ka Moana Pākīpika, a ma ke komohana hoʻi o ka Moana ʻInikia, ma nā wai o ke Kai Waena Nui a ma ka ʻaoʻao komohana hema o ʻAkelanika. Loaʻa ka hapa nui o nā iʻa i nā iʻa pelagic e like me ka iʻa iʻa. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻena mōʻaukala o ka iʻa iʻa i hopu ʻia o ka seaodrome pelagic i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ʻehā mau makahiki i hala, a aia ma lalo o 130 tausani tona.
