ʻO nā koholā Baleen a i ʻole nā niho ʻole kekahi o nā māmela nui loa i ka wai. Loaʻa lākou i ko lākou inoa ma muli o ke kū ʻana o nā koholā ma nā gums, kū i pili pono i nā kāpili, me ke kōkua o kēia mau cetaceans e ʻai i ka poʻe liʻiliʻi o ka wai.
Hōʻike o nā koholā baleen
Aia he ʻohana 4 o kēia mau ʻāpana: minke, dwarf, hina a me nā koholā laumania, ʻokoʻa ka helehelena a me nā ʻano lawena.
Helehelena
ʻO ka nui o kēia mau holoholona mai 6 m. A 34 m., A ʻo ke kaupaona mai 3 tone a 200 ton.... ʻOkoʻa nā kāne a me nā wahine i ka helehelena, ʻoi aku ka nui a momona o ka hope ma nā ʻano āpau. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia nā kino o nā koholā, aia nā lūlū huelo, i ʻae i kekahi mau ʻano e piʻi i ka wikiwiki a hiki i 50 km / h (whale fin) a me nā ʻanā dorsal, akā ʻaʻole nā ʻano āpau.
ʻO ke poʻo nui mai ⅓ a i ka nui o ke kino holoʻokoʻa, akā naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki i nā koholā baleen ke huli aʻe ma muli o ka vertebrae cervical fuse. Nui ka lua o ka waha, loaʻa kahi alelo, hapa hapalua o ka momona a hiki i kahi kaumaha koʻikoʻi, no ka laʻana, 3 tone - i nā kohola polū (polū). I ka lua o ka parietal aia he mau puka ihu, a hana ʻia nā hana maʻalahi e ka vibrissae - nā hulu ma ka helehelena, ʻaʻole loaʻa iki, akā ma kahi o 400 mau aʻa kuʻi e kūpono i hoʻokahi lauoho.
Hoihoi ia!Mānoanoa ka ʻili o nā koholā baleen, me ka papa o ka momona ma lalo ona, i hiki ai i kēia mau māmela ke ola a ʻai i nā mahana wela haʻahaʻa. ʻEleʻele ka waihoʻoluʻu, ʻokoʻa nā aka ʻē aʻe i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ke kino i nā ʻano ʻokoʻa a i nā ʻano ʻokoʻa, a i loko o nā ʻohana.
I ka lua o ka waha aia kahi whalebone - kahi pā horny e like me ka triangular i hoʻopili ʻia i ka iwi ā luna, ma ka hopena he fluff fringed.
Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā pā mai kekahi i kahi ma kahi o 0.4 a 1.3 cm, he lōʻihi kaulike ʻole mai 20 a 450 cm, ʻokoʻa ka helu o lākou mai 350 a 800 ʻāpana. Mahalo i ke kaʻe bristly, koe nā meaʻai liʻiliʻi nona, e like me ka mesh maikaʻi, ke kānana ka kohola i nā wai he nui, a laila kaomi ʻia i ka puʻu me ka alelo.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ka nohona
'Auʻau mālie ka hapa nui o nā koholā baleen. Pili mālie kekahi mau ʻano i nā moku e hoʻokokoke ana (nā koholā hina), hoʻāʻo kekahi e ʻaʻole e hāʻule i ke kula o ka ʻike kanaka (whale whale).
Hoihoi ia!Hoʻokumu ʻia nā neʻe ʻana e ka neʻe ʻana mai nā wahi ʻai hānai i nā latitude tropical no ka hoʻoulu ʻana a hoʻi hou me nā keiki makua.
Loaʻa nā koholā niho ʻole i ka hapanui o nā mele a i nā hui liʻiliʻi... Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa pinepine i nā hōʻike pāʻālua paʻa - nā makuahine a me nā keiki. Eia nō naʻe, i ka wā o ka hānai ʻana, ka ʻimi holoholona ʻana a i ʻole i ka wā o ka moʻo ʻana, hiki i kēia mau holoholona ke hōʻiliʻili i kahi kolone nui aku, a hiki i ka 50 poʻe a ʻoi paha.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā laha ke alakaʻi i kahi ola kai, holo pinepine i nā kai pāpaʻu, me ka paʻakikī e puka i waho o lākou. Noho kekahi ʻano ma loko o ka wai hohonu. Ke luʻu nei i ka hohonu no ka meaʻai, hōʻike lākou i ka hiʻu o ka huelo, koe wale no ka seival. Lele pinepine lākou i waho o ka wai, hoʻokuʻu i ko lākou mau kani ʻano, a hoʻokuʻu pū i ka wai i ke ʻano o kahi punawai mai ka ʻāina parietal o ke poʻo.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o nā koholā baleen
ʻO ka nui o ke ola o nā koholā kohola mai 50 mau makahiki a ʻoi paha i nā koholā hina, nā koholā humpback a me nā koholā minke a ʻoi aku i 100 mau makahiki i nā koholā poʻo poʻo. I ka manawa like, hiki i ke kohola fin a me ke koholā polū ke ola ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o 90 mau makahiki, a me ke koholā lahilahi Kepani a me ke koholā sei - ʻoi aku ma mua o 70 mau makahiki.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā lunamakaʻāinana o kēia suborder o cetaceans ma nā wahi āpau o ka honua wai o ka honua. ʻO nā wai anuanu o ka Arctic, Antarctic a me Hemisphere Hema e ʻumeʻume i nā koholā baleen me ka nui o nā meaʻai, ʻoiai e kōkua nā latitude mehana i ka hoʻohua a hoʻomākaukau no ka neʻe hou aku i nā wahi momona o ka meaʻai. ʻO ka mea ʻokoʻa ka koholā poʻo poʻo, e neʻe i loko o ka wai Arctic, a me ka minke o ka wahine mare, kahi e haʻalele ʻole ai i nā latitude wela a me nā wela. ʻO nā koholā Sei a me nā koholā fin, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, makemake i nā wai hāmama o nā moana o ka honua: ʻo ka Hikina Hikina, ʻAkelanika ʻAkau, ʻAkelanika Hema a me nā kauwela a me nā hoʻoilo mehana.
Hoihoi ia!Pili pū ke koholā polū i ka wai hāmama, akā kākaʻikahi loa ka ʻike ʻana aku. Kākaʻikahi loa nā koholā dwarf a aia wale nō ma nā latitude mehana a me nā anu o ka Hemisphere Hema, no laila aia he ʻike liʻiliʻi e pili ana iā lākou
He kūlana kaʻawale ko kēlā me kēia heluna kanaka kaʻawale. ʻO kahi laʻana, makemake ka koholā Kepani maʻalahi i nā wahi o ka wai paʻa o ka Hikina Hikina a i ʻole ke kai Arctic, aloha nā koholā hina i nā wai papau o ka Hikina Hikina a me ka Peninsula ʻo Kaleponi, kahi e ʻauʻau ai lākou no ka hānau ʻana. Hiki i nā puʻupuʻu ke pili i nā wai ʻelua a holo i kahi mamao i ka ʻĀkau ʻAkelanika a me ka Moana Pākīpika, ʻoiai e neʻe ana i kahakai o ʻApelika komohana, Hawaii, a me ka hema o nā Kepanī Kepani.
ʻO ka ʻai o nā koholā baleen
ʻAi nā koholā lahilahi i nā crustacean liʻiliʻi, ʻoiai nā koholā hina e hānai i nā crustacea a me nā meaola benthic liʻiliʻi, e lawe ana iā lākou ʻelua mai lalo a mai ke kolamu wai.
ʻO nā koholā kaha, ʻo ia hoʻi: nā koholā humpback, nā koholā minke, nā koholā sei a me nā koholā fin, me ka plankton, hānai i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi e like me ka herring a capelin paha, ke kīkē ʻana iā lākou i loko o kahi kula mānoanoa ke ʻimi holoholona i kahi ʻohana a i ʻole me ke kōkua o nā huʻa wai, a laila e puka ana i waenakonu o kēia pūʻulu, e hoʻāʻo nei. lālau i ka nui loa o ka iʻa me kou waha.
Hiki i nā heʻe, nā copepods ke lawelawe i meaʻai no ka mālama a me nā koholā fin... ʻO ka hope, ke hānai ʻana, huli pinepine i ko lākou ʻaoʻao ʻākau, e omo ana i nā nui o ka wai me ka mea momona i loko o ia mea, a laila kānana ʻia ma o ka whalebone. Akā hānai ka koholā uliuli i ka plankton.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Hiki ke ʻano makua i nā kohola niho ʻole ma nā ʻano like ʻole:
- i nā koholā lahilahi Iapana i ka makahiki 10 me ka lōʻihi o 15 m,
- i nā koholā bowhead i 20-25 mau makahiki me ka lōʻihi o 12-14 m,
- i nā koholā hina, koholā humpback, kohola polū - i ka makahiki o 5-10 mau makahiki me ka nui o 11-12 m.,
- no nā koholā sei a me nā koholā fin - 6-12 mau makahiki, me 13-14 m. nā mea kanu a me 19-20 m.
- i nā koholā minke - i ka hiki ʻana i 3-5 mau makahiki.
I ka wā hopu holoholona, hiki i nā koholā baleen ke ʻākoakoa i nā hui nui, kahi e hiki ai i nā kāne i ka wā o ke kino ke hana hou i nā leo like ʻole (nā mele), e hōʻike ana i ko lākou makemake e hoʻopalau a mālama lōʻihi i hoʻokahi a mau wahine paha. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻae nā wahine i hoʻokahi kāne e komo i loko, akā ʻo nā koholā bowhead he polygamous i kēia mea. ʻAʻohe hoʻokūkū hoʻokūkū ma waena o nā koholā.
Hānau ka wahine i hoʻokahi koholā ma 2-4 mau makahiki, akā hiki i nā koholā mink ke hānau hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia 1-2 mau makahiki. ʻO ka wā hānau ʻo 11-14 mau mahina. Hana ʻia ka hānau keiki ma nā wahi hoʻoilo, ʻoiai:
- no nā koholā Kepani i Kekemapa-Malaki,
- no Greenlandic - i ʻApelila-Iune,
- i nā humpbacks - i Nowemapa-Pepeluali.
Hoihoi ia!Hānau ʻia nā pēpē i ka huelo wai, ʻoiai hiki i kona mau kaikuaʻana makua ke kōkua iā ia e piʻi i luna o ka wai i mea e hanu ai i ka hanu mua o ka ea. Hiki i ka nui o ka cub ke piʻi i body o ke kino o ka makuahine, kaulike ka nui o kona kino.
Hānai nā keiki ma lalo o ka wai, e ale ana i kahi nipple no kekahi mau kekona, mai ia mea, ma muli o ke kaohi ʻana o nā mākala kūikawā o ka makuahine, ua kāpīpī ʻia ka waiū o ka momona momona i loko o kona lua waha. Hana ka wahine i ka waiū he nui, no laila e ulu koke nā keiki, no laila hiki i nā lunamaka o nā ʻano kohola polū ke hoʻokuʻu i 200 liters. waiū i kēlā me kēia lā.
ʻO ka lactation he awelika o 12 mau mahina, akā i nā koholā minke he 5 mau mahina ka lōʻihi, a i nā kohola sei a me nā koholā polū 6-9 mau mahina. ʻO ka pilina ma waena o ka makuahine a me ka cub he ikaika loa. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke ola, ulu lohi ka ulu ʻana o nā whalebones i nā keiki, eia naʻe, i ka hopena o ka hānai ʻana i ka waiū, piʻi ka ikaika o ko lākou ulu ulu ʻana, i ʻae ai i nā ʻōpio e hānai iā lākou iho.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻAʻohe ʻenemi o nā koholā Baleen i ke kūlohelohe, malia paha ʻo ka makaʻu wale nō ka mea hoʻoweliweli i nā keiki hānau hou mai nā mea hōkai nui e like me ka manō a me nā kohola koholā, a me nā holoholona nāwaliwali a maʻi paha. Akā he mau hihia ke kuʻi ʻia ka manō ma nā kohola niho ʻole, ka mea, no ko lākou lohi, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopuehu koke aku i ka ʻenemi. ʻO ka manō, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka nahu ʻana i nā ʻāpana o ka ʻiʻo mai nā koholā hiki ke hoʻonāwaliwali i ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia, a ʻo ke kahe ʻana o ke kahe e hiki ai i kēia mau manō ke ʻumeʻume.... Eia nō naʻe, loaʻa i nā koholā ka manawa kūpono e pale aku ai i nā mea hōʻeuʻeu me ka hahau ʻana mai kā lākou moʻo huelo a i ʻole ke kāhea ʻana i ko lākou mau ʻohana e kōkua i nā kani a lākou e hana ai.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
I kēia manawa, aia nā lunamakaʻāinana o kēia suborder ma kekahi ʻano a i ʻole ma lalo o ka pale ʻana ma muli o ka hoʻoweliweli o ka nalowale. ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ka helu o kekahi laha i kekahi mau kakini kanaka. Pāpā ʻia ka hopu holoholona ʻana ma nā koholā ʻākau ʻākau, Kepanī, koholā humpback, kohola sei, kohola polū.
Mea nui!ʻO nā hoʻoweliweli ʻino i ka helu o nā koholā baleen nā mea i hōʻino ʻia mai nā hoʻokuʻi ʻana me nā moku i ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana, nā lawaiʻa lawaiʻa, a me nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole o nā hana mākaʻikaʻi.
Hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia ka makaʻu hiki ke hōʻino ʻia o nā moana a me ka hōʻemi ʻana o ka lako o nā meaʻai ma muli o nā hoʻololi o ka honua i nā kūlana o ka wā.
Waiwai kālepa
E ʻohiʻohi ʻia nā koholā Minke e Norewai, Iapana a me Kōlea Hema. ʻAe ʻia e ʻimi no nā pono o ka lāhui ʻōiwi i loko o nā kuata i hoʻokumu ʻia no: nā koholā poʻo, nā koholā hina hikina, nā koholā fin. Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻi kohola no ka meaʻai, hoʻohana ʻia ka whalebone e hana i nā mea hoʻomanaʻo, a hoʻohana ʻia ka momona no nā pono o ka meaʻai, nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe, a me nā offal ʻē aʻe.
