ʻO ka iʻa Marlin he ʻelele o ka iʻa Ray-finned iʻa no ka ʻohana Marlin (Istiorkhoridae). He wahi lawaiʻa haʻuki kaulana ia a, ma muli o ke ʻano momona o ka momona, ua lilo ia i iʻa maikaʻi no ka mākeke kālepa.
Ka wehewehe o marlin
No ka manawa mua, ua wehewehe ʻia kēia ʻano i nā kenekulia ʻelua i hala aku nei e ka ichthyologist Palani ʻo Bernard Laseped e hoʻohana ana i ke kaha kiʻi, akā ma hope ua hāʻawi ʻia ka iʻa marlin i nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole a me nā inoa generic. I kēia manawa, kūpono wale nō ka inoa Makair nigriсans... ʻO ka inoa generic mai ka huaʻōlelo Helene μαχαίρα, ʻo ia hoʻi "Pahi pahi".
Helehelena
ʻO ka Marlin Blue ka mea i makemake nui ʻia, a i ʻole ʻo Atlantic Blue Marlin (Macairа nigriсans). ʻIke ʻia ka nui o nā wahine makua, a ʻehā paha manawa o ka nui o ke kino o nā kāne. ʻAʻole hiki i kahi kāne makua moekolohe i ke kaumaha o 140-160 kg, a he 500-510 kg ke kaumaha o ka wahine a ʻoi paha me ka lōʻihi o ke kino o 500 cm.ʻO ka mamao mai ka wahi o ka maka a hiki i ka piko o ka ihe ma kahi o iwakālua pākēneka o ka huina loa o ka iʻa. I ka manawa like, he iʻa me ke kaumaha o ke kino 636 kg i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia i kaupaona.
Hoihoi ia!ʻO ka marlin polū he ʻelua dinsal fins a me nā pai anal e kākoʻo i nā kukuna iwi. Kuhi ʻia ka fin dorsal mua e ke kū mai o nā kukuna 39-43, ʻoiai ka lua e ʻike ʻia e ka ʻeono a ʻehiku paha mau mea paʻa.
ʻO ka fin anal mua, e like me ke ʻano a me ka nui i ka lua o ka lua, he 13-16 mau kukuna. Hiki i nā fin pelvic lōʻihi a lōʻihi hoʻi ke hoʻi i loko o kahi kaumaha kūikawā, aia ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o nā pelvic fins ma mua o nā pectorals, akā ʻike ʻia ka mea hope e kahi membrane maikaʻi ʻole i hoʻomohala ʻia a me kahi kaumaha i loko o ke ana o ka ventral.
ʻO ka kino luna o ka Atlantic Blue Marlin he kala ʻeleʻele uliuli, a ʻike ʻia nā ʻaoʻao o kēlā iʻa e kahi kala ʻāhinahina. Ma ke kino aia ma kahi o ʻumikūmālima mau lālani o nā kaha o ka ʻulaʻula ʻōmaʻomaʻo o nā kala me nā kiko kikoʻī a i ʻole nā kaha lahilahi. ʻO ka membrane ma ka fin dorsal mua he uliuli a aneane ʻeleʻele i ke kala me ka ʻole o nā māka a i ʻole nā kiko. ʻO nā wili ʻē aʻe he ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele me kahi aniani o ka uliuli uliuli. Aia nā leo kālā ma ke kumu o ka lua a me ka mua o nā wili.
Uhi ʻia ke kino o ka iʻa me nā unahi lahilahi a elongated. He ikaika a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka ihe, a ʻo ke alo o nā niho ʻuʻuku, ʻano faila ke ʻano o nā aʻa a me nā iwi palatine o nā ʻelele o ka papa iʻa i hoʻopau ʻia e Ray.
Hoihoi ia! Hiki i nā Marlins ke hoʻololi koke i ko lākou kala a loaʻa i ke kala polū mālamalama i ka wā o ka huli. ʻO nā loli kala e pili ana i ke kū mai o iridophores, i loaʻa nā pigment, a me nā hunaola mālamalama mālamalama kūikawā.
Loaʻa i ka laina ʻaoʻao o ka iʻa nā neuromasts, aia i loko o ke kahawai. ʻOiai nā neʻe nāwaliwali i loko o ka wai a me nā loli āpau e ʻike ʻia i ke kaomi e hopu ʻia e nā ʻāpana. Aia ka puka anal ma hope pono o ka fin anal mua. ʻO ka marlin polū, me nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana marlin, he iwakāluakūmāhā vertebrae.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ka nohona
ʻAneʻane ʻo nā ʻano marlin āpau e makemake e noho mamao mai ke kahakai, e hoʻohana ana i nā papa o ka wai no ko lākou neʻe... I ke kaʻina o ka neʻe ʻana, hiki i nā iʻa o kēia ʻohana ke hoʻomohala i ka wikiwiki nui a lele lele i waho o ka wai i kahi kiʻekiʻe o kekahi mau mika. ʻO kahi laʻana, hiki i nā moku peʻa ke maʻalahi a wikiwiki i ka wikiwiki o 100-110 mau kilomika i kēlā me kēia hola, ma muli o ka mea i kapa ʻia nā lunamaka o nā laha e like me ka iʻa wikiwiki loa o ka honua.
ʻO ka iʻa Predatory ka mea i alakaʻi i ka nohona hermitic, ʻauʻau ma kahi o 60-70 km i ke ao. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā lunamakaʻāinana e nā neʻe kau e uhi ana i nā mamao a ʻehiku a ʻewalu tausani mile paha. E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e nā noiʻi a me nā mea he nui i ʻike ʻia, ke ʻano o ka neʻe ʻana o ka marlins i ke kolamu wai e like loa me ka kaʻau kai o kahi manō maʻamau.
Ehia mau marina e ola nei
Hiki i nā kāne o ka marlin polū ke ola ma kahi o ʻumikūmāwalu paha makahiki, a hiki i nā wahine o kēia ʻohana ke ola a i ka hapahā o ke kenekulia a ʻoi iki paha. ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke ola o nā moku peʻa i nā makahiki he ʻumikumamālima.
Nā ʻano o marin
He kino kino elongated ko nā ʻano a pau o ka marlin, a me kahi ihu e like me ka ihe, a me kahi wīwī lōʻihi paʻa loa.
- Nā moku peʻa Indo-pacific (Istiorhorus platyrterus) mai ka genus Sailboats (Istiorkhorus). ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka moku peʻa ʻo ka fin dorsal mua kiʻekiʻe a lōʻihi hoʻi, e hoʻomanaʻo ana i kahi peʻa, e hoʻomaka ana mai ke poʻo o ke poʻo a hele ʻaneʻane ma ke kua o ka iʻa. ʻEleʻele ke kua me ka uliuli polū, a ʻeleʻele nā ʻaoʻao me kahi aniani polū. Keʻokeʻo kahi o ka ʻōpū keʻokeʻo. Ma nā ʻaoʻao he nui ka nui o nā kiko keʻokeʻo uliuli ʻole. He mau mika ka lōʻihi o ka makahiki hoʻokahi, a ʻo ka iʻa mākua ma kahi o ʻekolu mika ka lōʻihi me ka nui o hoʻokahi haneli kilokika;
- Māka ʻeleʻele (Istiomax indis) mai ka genus Istiomax pili i ka mahele o nā iʻa kalepa, akā ʻo ka nui o nā hopu honua ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o kekahi mau kaukani tona. ʻO kahi mea lawaiʻa haʻuki kaulana kahi elongated, akā ʻaʻole i kaomi ʻia i ke kino i uhi ʻia, uhi ʻia me nā unahi paʻa elongated a me nā mānoanoa. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā peʻa dorsal e kahi āpau liʻiliʻi, a ʻo ka fin caudal he ʻano mahina. Polū ʻeleʻele ke kua, a ʻāhinahina keʻokeʻo nā ʻaoʻao a me nā ʻōpū. ʻAʻohe o nā kaha a me nā kiko o nā mākua i ko lākou mau kino. ʻO ka lōʻihi o kahi iʻa makua he 460-465 cm me ke kaumaha o ke kino a hiki i 740-750 kg;
- Atlantic komohana a i ʻole kanaka ʻōpio liʻiliʻi (ʻO Tetrarturus pfluеgen) mai ka genus Spearmen (Tetrarturus). Hoʻohanohano ʻia nā iʻa o kēia ʻano e kahi kino ikaika, elongated, pālahalaha nui ʻia mai nā ʻaoʻao, a he elongated a lahilahi hoʻi, a me ka ihu like kī, hoʻopuni ʻia i ka ʻāpana keʻa. Lahilahi nā pūnana pelvic, like a i ʻole ka lōʻihi iki ma mua o nā pectoral fins, i huki ʻia i loko o ke ana hohonu o ka ʻōpū. ʻEleʻele ke kua i ke kala me ka uliuli, a ʻāhinahina keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo me nā ʻāpana brown chaotic. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi o ke kanaka makua he 250-254 cm, a ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ke kaumaha o ke kino ma mua o 56-58 kg.
Wahi a ka hoʻohālikelike, ʻike ʻia kekahi ʻano, i kū ʻia e ka mea ʻāʻī liʻiliʻi, a i ʻole ka marlin ʻāʻī pōkole, a i ʻole ka iʻa ihu pōkole (Tetrarturus angustirostris), ke kanaka ʻāpana Mediterranean, a me ka marlin Mediterran (Tetrarturus bélonе), ka gullet ʻEulopa Hema ʻApelika Hema, a Copenurus paha.
ʻO ke kanaka keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ʻAkelanika, a i ʻole ke kahakai ʻĀkelanika keʻokeʻo (Kajikia albidus), ke kanaka ʻōniʻoniʻo keʻokeʻo, a me ke kahakai kahakai (Kajikia audax), a me ka poline polū Indo-Pākīpika (Makaira mazara), kahiki polū ʻAkelanika, a marlin polū (Istiorkhorus albisans).
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Hōʻike ʻia ka ʻohana marlin e ʻekolu mau hanauna a me nā ʻano like ʻole he ʻumi, ʻokoʻa i kā lākou mahele hāʻawi a me nā wahi noho. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻike pinepine ʻia ka iʻa Sailfish (Istiorkhorus platyrterus) i loko o nā wai o ke Kaiʻula, Kaiwaenahonua a me nā Kai ʻEleʻele. Ma waena o nā wai o ke kahawai ʻo Suez, komo nā moku peʻa makua i ke kai Kaiwaenahonua, mai kahi e ʻauʻau ai i loko o ke Kai ʻEleʻele.
ʻIke ʻia ka marlin polū ma ka wai kai tropical a me temperate o ka Moana ʻAkelanika, a ʻike ʻia ka hapa nui ma ka ʻaoʻao komohana. ʻO ka laulā o ka Black Marlin (Makaira indis) e hōʻike mau ʻia e nā kai kahakai o ka Pākīpika a me nā Moana ʻInikia, ʻo ia hoʻi nā wai o ka Hikina Kina a me nā Kai Coral.
ʻO nā Spearheads, he iʻa pelagic kaiododousous kai, ʻike pinepine ʻia ma ke mele, akā i kekahi manawa hiki ke hana i nā hui liʻiliʻi o nā iʻa kaulike. Noho kēia ʻano i loko o ka wai hāmama, e koho ana i kahi hohonu i loko o ʻelua haneli mau mika, akā ma luna o kahi o ka wedge waiwela.... Hāʻawi ʻia ka makemake i nā wahi me ka mahana o ka wai o 26 ° C.
Papaʻai a Marlin
ʻO nā marlins āpau he poʻe noho wai wai. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻai nā marlins ʻeleʻele i nā ʻano iʻa pelagic āpau, a ʻimi pū hoʻi i ka heʻe a me nā crustacea. I loko o ka wai ma Malaysia, ke kumu o ka papaʻai o kēia ʻano e kū mai ana nā heleuma, nā ʻano like ʻole o ka mackerel lio, nā iʻa lele a me nā heʻe.
ʻAi ʻia nā moku peʻa i nā iʻa liʻiliʻi i loaʻa i nā papa o luna o ka wai, e like me ka sardine, ka heleuma, ka wai ʻaki a me ka mackerel. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka papaʻai o kēia laha e komo pū me nā crustacea a me nā cephalopods. ʻO ka pae larval o ka polū polū ʻAkelanika, a i ʻole marlin polū, ʻai i ka zooplankton, me nā hua manu plankton a me nā larva o nā ʻano iʻa ʻē aʻe. Hānai nā mākua i ka iʻa, me ka mackerel, a me ka heʻe. Ma kahi o nā ʻākoʻakoʻa a me nā mokupuni kai, ʻai ʻo ka marlin polū i nā ʻōpio o nā iʻa kahakai like ʻole.
ʻAi nā mea ʻāpana liʻiliʻi a Komohana ʻAkelanika paha i ka heʻe a me nā iʻa i nā papa o luna o ka wai, akā ʻokoʻa ka ʻano o ka papaʻai o kēia ʻano. Ma nā ʻaoʻao hema o ke kai Caribbean, ʻai ka poʻe mea ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi i ka Ommastrephidae, herring a me ka mālama tarsier Mediterranean. Ma ke komohana ʻAkelanika, ʻo nā meaola nui nā kai kai ʻAkelanika, mackerel nahesa a me nā cephalopods, e like me Ornithoteuthis antillarum, Hyaloteuthis plogisa, a me Tremostorus violaceus.
ʻO nā Spearmen e noho ana i nā subtropics ʻākau a me nā tropika o ka Moana ʻAkelanika e makemake i nā iʻa a me nā cephalopods. I loko o nā ʻōpū o ia ʻano marlins, ua loaʻa nā iʻa i ʻohana he ʻumikūmālua, e like me gempilidae (Gempylidae), iʻa lele (Exocetidae), a me nā iʻa makako (Scombridae, a me ka bream kai (Bramidae).
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Ma nā panalāʻau o ka hemispheres ʻākau a me ka hema, oʻo a hoʻomoana ka poʻe koa liʻiliʻi a hoʻomaka i ka hānau ʻana i nā lā kalena like, kahi hōʻike maopopo o ka homogeneity o ka heluna kanaka āpau o kēia ʻano. ʻO nā wahine wahine liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi i ka manawa hoʻokahi i ka makahiki wale nō.
E hoihoi pū kekahi:
- Beluga
- Sturgeon
- Tuna
- Moray
Hoʻopuka ka waiʻeleʻele marlin i nā mahana mai 27-28 ° C, a hiki ke loli ka manawa o ka spawning ma muli o nā ʻano o ka ʻāina. ʻO kahi laʻana, i ka wai o ke kai Kina Hema, hoʻomaka ka iʻa i ka Mei a me Iune, a ma ke kahakai kahakai o Taiwan, puka kēia ʻano mai ʻAukake a Sepatemaba. Ma ka ʻaoʻao komohana komohana o ke Kai Coral, ʻo ka wā e hānau ai ʻOkakopa-Kekemapa, a ma waho o ka kapakai o Kuʻāina, ʻAukake-Nowemapa. Hoʻohana ʻia ka spawning, me ka momona o hoʻokahi kanaka a i hoʻokahi kanahā miliona mau hua.
ʻO ka ʻōpala ʻana o nā moku peʻa mai ʻAukake a i waena o Kepakemapa, i ka wai mehana a me nā kai kokoke-equatorial. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia ʻano e nā kaulike waena a me nā mea ʻole ʻole, nā hua pelagic, akā ʻaʻole hōʻike ka poʻe mākua i ka hopohopo no kā lākou keiki. ʻO nā moku holo moana āpau a me nā ʻohana e pili ana o ka ʻohana, ke alakaʻi nei i kahi nohona like, hoʻohālikelike ʻia e ka momona nui, no laila, i hoʻokahi manawa o ka hoʻouluulu ʻana, hoʻomoe ka wahine i nā ʻāpana he ʻelima miliona mau hua.
Hoihoi ia! Kūkulu koke ka pae larval o nā marlins, a ʻo ka awelika o ka hana ulu ʻana ma lalo o nā kūlana kūwaho maikaʻi loa ma kahi o ʻumikūmālima mau mile i hoʻokahi lā.
I ka manawa like, make kahi hapa nui o nā keiki i nā manawa mua loa o kā lākou ulu ʻana. Hoʻohana ʻia nā hua manu i kaha ʻia, nā pae larval a me nā iʻa i meaʻai na nā mea neʻe wai.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
No ka polū ʻAkelanika nui loa, a i ʻole nā marlins polū, nā manō keʻokeʻo wale nō (Carcharodon carcharias) a me nā manō mako (Isurus ohyrhinchhus) ʻoi ka makaʻu nui loa. I nā kūlana o nā makahiki he mau makahiki o ka noiʻi ʻana, hiki nō ke hoʻokau i ka marlin polū e ʻeha ma lalo o ʻekolu mau kakini ʻano parasite, i hiki ke hōʻike ʻia e monogenes, cestodes a me nematodes, copepods, aspidogastras a me nā ʻaoʻao-scrapers, a me nā trematodes a me nā barnacles. Ma ke kino o ia mau holoholona wai nui, ʻike pinepine ʻia ke kū ʻana o nā iʻa paʻa, kahi e hana nui nei i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā uhi o ka ʻiʻo.
Hiki i nā marlins polū ke ʻimi iʻa i ka nui e like me ka marlin keʻokeʻo ʻAkelanika. Eia nō naʻe, a hiki i kēia lā, ʻo nā kānaka ka hōʻino nui loa i ka lāhui marlin. ʻO ka Sailboats kahi pahuhopu i makemake nui ʻia i ka lawaiʻa ikaika ʻana. ʻO ke ʻano lawaiʻa nui ke lawaiʻa lōʻihi, kahi i hopu ʻia ai kēia iʻa waiwai nui me ka tuna a me ka iʻa pahi kaua.
Hoihoi ia! Ma waho o ke kahakai ʻo Cuba a me Florida, Kaleponi a me Tahiti, Hawaii a me Peru, a ʻo Australia hoʻi a me Nūhōlani, hopu pinepine nā lawaiʻa i nā moku peʻa me nā wili wili.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Lawe nui ʻia ka lawaiʻa ʻana i nā ʻano kai o ka marlin i loko o ka wai o ke Kai ʻInikia. Nui loa ka hopu honua, a ʻo nā ʻāina nui e lawaiʻa ana i nā ʻoihana kālepa ʻo Iapana a me Indonesia. No ka lawaiʻa ʻana, hoʻohana ʻia nā laina lōʻihi a me nā pono lawaiʻa kūikawā. ʻO Marlin kahi pahuhopu hopu holoholona i mahalo nui ʻia a mahalo nui ʻia e nā lawaiʻa haʻuki.
I kēia lā, kahi ʻāpana nui o ka marlin i hopu ʻia e nā lawaiʻa e hoʻokuʻu koke ʻia i ka nāhelehele. ʻO kaʻiʻo marlin maikaʻi, i hoʻopili ʻia i ka papa kuhikuhi o nā hale ʻaina pipiʻi a hanohano wale nō, i kōkua i ka hopu a me ka hōʻemi ʻana o ka heluna lehulehu, no laila ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka wai wai i loko o ka Red Book ma ke ʻano he ʻano palupalu.
