Ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, kahi pili pili o nā kāmelo a me nā llamas me ka inoa paʻa ʻole alpaca (m.) Kālā nui ʻia no kāna huluhulu maikaʻi loa, i manaʻo ʻia he ʻaneʻane nui nā huahana hoʻolilo o Peru.
Hōʻike o ka alpaca
ʻO kēia kāmelo humpless ka hopena o kahi koho i hoʻolālā ʻia e hānau i kahi laha tamed me ka hulu hipa kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe.... Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ʻo Vicugna pacos (alpaca) ma ke ʻano he mammal kahu ʻia: i iho mai iā Vicugna vicugna (vicuña a i ʻole vigone). ʻO ka vicuña ponoʻī no ka suborder o nā calluses mai ka ʻohana Camelidae (camelids).
Helehelena
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā holoholona me ka callus ma muli o ke kupapaʻu callosum i pani i ka wāwae a me ka māiʻuʻu. Hoʻokomo ʻia ko lākou mau lālā wāwae ʻelua me nā māiʻuʻu i kūlou, no ka mea i koi ʻia ai e hele nā alaka, e hilinaʻi nei i nā phalanges o nā manamana lima. Mahalo i kēia hiʻohiʻona, ʻaʻole e hehi nā kāhea a pau i nā wahi hānai e like me nā hipa a me nā kao. Loaʻa i ka alpaca kahi lehelehe lalo i bifurcated, ʻaʻohe niho ma ka iwi ā luna, a me nā incisors ikaika (e ulu ana i nā ola āpau) ma ka lalo. Ma muli o ka nele o nā niho kiʻekiʻe, haehae nā holoholona i nā mea kanu me ko lākou lehelehe a me ka nau me ke kōkua o nā niho ʻaoʻao.
Nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o alpaca a me llama
No ka ʻohana kāmela lāua ʻelua, akā manaʻo ʻia ka alpaca he moʻopuna pololei ia o ka ʻano Vicuña, a ʻo ka llama ke keiki a ka Guanaco. ʻO kahi alpaca, ma kahi o ka mika ka lōʻihi, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka hipa, akā kokoke i ka hapalua o ka nui o ka llama. Kaupaona ʻia kahi alpaca makua 45-80 kg, ʻoiai he 80-160 kg ke kaumaha o kahi makua makua. Hoʻokaʻawale pū ʻia lākou e ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka waha: i ka llama ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi, i ka alpaca pālahalaha ʻia. ʻAʻohe o ka lauoho o ka maka o ka llama a me ke poʻo, ʻoiai he ʻūlū shaggy lōʻihi e uhi ka maka i ka alpaca. Eia hou, ua pelu ka llama, me nā pepeiao e like me ka maiʻa ma kona poʻo. He mau auricle liʻiliʻi ko Alpacas a like me nā triangles.
Mai loko mai, ua hoʻopili ʻia ka hulu hipa o ka llama e ka undercoat, kahi e waiho ʻole ana ma ka lole alpaca palupalu. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke ʻano o kāna hulu hipa, i ʻae iā ʻoe e ʻokiʻoki i nā manawa he nui aku me kahi wahi liʻiliʻi o ka hana. ʻIke pū ʻia ka ʻokoʻa ma nā huapalapala. ʻAʻohe makemake nā alaka aloha e kīkī, nahu, a kuha no ke kumu ʻole, e like me ka hana a nā llamas. E neʻe ka mea hope i kekahi manawa mai ka hui, ʻoiai makemake nā alpacas e noho i loko o ka pā.
Hoihoi ia! Ua launa like nā ʻano ʻelua me kekahi, e hua ana i ka huarizo (uariso). He hoʻolohe a maʻalahi hoʻi ka hybrid e kāohi, eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻohe ona paʻa o ka llama a me ka lauoho alpaca kupaianaha, a ʻo ka mea hiki ʻole ke hana hou.
A ʻo ka mea hope loa. Mālama ʻia ʻo Alpacas ma ke ʻano he mea hana nui i ka hulu hipa kūikawā, ʻo ia ke kumu i hoʻohana ʻole ʻia ai lākou e like me nā holoholona pack (ʻokoʻa nā llamas). ʻLelo ʻia ua hāʻawi ʻia nā lamas i nā hana hānai e kiaʻi ai i ka alpaca.
Huluhulu
Loaʻa i ka alpaca kahi huluhulu lōʻihi palu e kau ana ma nā ʻaoʻao e 15-20 cm, e hele ana i ka lole, ka lole a i ʻole ka wili. Ua ʻako ʻia nā holoholona i ke ala like me nā hipa, akā loaʻa iā lākou i ka huluhulu he 3 mau manawa ikaika a me 7 mau manawa mehana ma mua o nā hipa. Aia nā pale kala ma luna o 52 (!) Nā aka kūlohelohe, ka mea i makemake nui ʻia (akā ʻaʻole kakaikahi) i waena o nā mea i ʻike ʻia he keʻokeʻo, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka stain.
ʻO ka hulu hipa albino ke koi nui ʻia a kūʻai ʻia aku ma kahi kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ia ke kumu i ʻoi aku ka waiwai o nā alpacas keʻokeʻo i ka hānau ʻana.... Mahalo nui ʻia ka hulu hipa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā holoholona ʻōpio, ʻoiai ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui (a hiki i 1 kg i 2 mau makahiki). No ke kuhikuhi, hāʻawi kahi alpaca makua i kahi o 5 kg.
Nā waiwai huluhulu Alpaca:
- ʻaʻohe o ka lanolin (ka momona i loaʻa i ka hulu hipa);
- hypoallergenic (ʻaʻole hoʻomaka nā mites lepo i loko);
- palupalu ka lauoho a ʻaʻole e kuʻi e like me ka hipa;
- kūpaʻa i ka haumia kūwaho;
- māmā loa;
- kipaku maikaʻi i ka wai.
Hoʻohui like kēia mau ʻano āpau i ka hulu alpaca i kahi huahana waiwai, nona nā derivatives i kaulana no ka pono, olinolino, maʻemaʻe, hōʻoluʻolu a me ka paʻa.
Mea nui! ʻO nā kapeta, nā kapeta a me nā moena moe i hana ʻia i ka huluhulu alpaca ʻaʻole e nalo i ko lākou maʻemaʻe kumu no ka manawa lōʻihi. ʻO nā lole i ulana ʻia a ulana ʻia me ka lepili "Alpaca" ʻaʻole e mae, mai ʻolokaʻa, mehana i ke anuanu a anuanu i ka wela.
ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha e kūʻai nui nei nā poʻe i nā huahana, me ka nānā ʻole i kā lākou kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Me he mea lā i nā mākaʻikaʻi ke alakaʻi nei nā holoholona i kahi nohona kūʻokoʻa loa, akā ʻaʻole pēlā. Mālama ʻia kekahi mau alpaka ma nā mahiʻai kūikawā, a ʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe (i hopu ʻia i kekahi manawa no ka ʻako ʻana) ua hoʻololi ʻia i kahi ola semi-hihiu a me nā ʻai alpine manuahi.
Ke ola i ke kūlohelohe
Hoʻohui ʻia ʻo Alpacas i nā pūʻā liʻiliʻi, ʻo ka manawa maʻamau he kāne hoʻokahi a he 4-10 mau wahine. He hierarchy ʻoʻoleʻa ka ʻohana me ka hōʻole ʻia o nā kāne waho a me ka hakakā kūloko no ke kūlana. Ala aʻe nā holoholona i ke ao a hoʻomaha i ka pō: i kēia manawa, ke ʻeli nui nei lākou i ka meaʻai i ʻai ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā. Hoʻohana ʻo Alpacas i ka ʻōlelo kino e kamaʻilio me nā alpacas, me ke kuli ʻana o ka pepeiao, ka ʻāʻī a me ke kūlana o ke kino.
Ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa nei nā lālā o ka ʻohana i kekahi i kekahi a ʻaʻole huhū iki. Ma ke ʻano he heʻe, heʻe lākou mai ka makaʻu. Me ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā kuahiwi, hiki i nā alpacas (ʻokoʻa ke kao mauna) ke hānai wale i nā wahi ākea me kahi ākea nui. ʻO ke ola i nā kūlana ʻoi loa o nā mauna kiʻekiʻe (me ka ʻokoʻa o ka mahana o 30 kekelē) hāʻawi ʻia e nā ʻano kupaianaha o ka hulu, a me ke ʻano o nā erythrocytes. E like me nā callus ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole puni ka ʻula o ka alpacaʻulaʻula akā ākea, no laila he nui lākou. Ma muli o ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka ʻike erythrocytes, hiki i nā holoholona ke hanu maʻalahi i ka ea lahilahi.
ʻO Alpaca a me ke kāne
I ka pio ʻana, hoʻomaʻamaʻa koke nā alpacas i ka poʻe, e hōʻike ana i ko lākou hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi loa - ka hoihoi, ka maluhia, ka hilahila a me ka hoʻonanea. I ke ʻano, ua like lākou me nā pōpoki, ke hele lākou i kahi kanaka e pili ana i kā lākou makemake iho. E like me nā kāmelo āpau, kuha kuhi ka alpacas i kēlā me kēia manawa, akā hana lākou i kēia mea ma mua o ka llamas, a maʻamau ke pono, e hoʻokuʻu iā lākou iho mai ka waikawa ʻōpū maikaʻi ʻole.
Hoihoi ia! Hoʻouna mua ʻia ka kuha i nā hoa bipi a, kākaʻikahi loa, i ka poʻe aloha ʻole. ʻO nā wahine i kahi kūlana hoihoi "pana hoʻi" me ka lawai mai nā kāne kuko e komo hewa ana iā lākou.
Ma ka laulā, akamai nā alpacas a me nā mea maʻemaʻe e hōʻoluʻolu i ka pono i nā lumipaku lehulehu (i hoʻolako ʻia i nā mahiʻai). Makemake nā holoholona i ka wai, kahi e frolic pinepine ai, ʻau a moe wahaheʻe wale paha. Mai kēlā manawa kēia manawa hana lākou i nā leo hoʻomākeʻaka e like me ke kani o ka hipa mālie. Hōʻailona ka alpaca mahuka i ka poʻe Inca e pili ana i ka makaʻu, a laila pono e pale aku i ka hoʻouka kaua a ka mea ʻaihue a hui pū paha i ka holoholona puʻupuʻu. I kēia mau lā, komo kūleʻa nā alpacas i nā kau pet a holoholona paha, e loaʻa ana kahi hopena maikaʻi i nā keiki a me nā mākua.
Ehia mau alpaka e ola nei
Wahi a kekahi mau hōʻike, ʻo nā holoholona wale wale nō nā ʻano maʻamau, hoʻolilo ka hapa nui o ko lākou manawa i ke kuahiwi, noho lōʻihi - a hiki i 20-25 mau makahiki.... ʻO nā alpacas home i hānai ʻia i nā mahiʻai he ʻekolu ka lōʻihi o ke ola - a i 7 mau makahiki (ʻike lawa ʻole ʻike.
ʻAno Alpaca
Ua hānai nā mea hānai he ʻelua mau ʻano i ʻike ʻia e ke ʻano / ʻano o ka huluhulu - Huacaya (Wakaya) a me Suri (Suri). No ka mea ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o nā laha mua, ʻo ia ʻo Huacaya i kapa mau ʻia ʻo ka huaʻōlelo "alpaca". He kapa pokole ko ka huakaya kahi e ulu pono ai ka lauoho i ka ʻili, e hāʻawi ana i nā holoholona i ke ʻano o nā mea pāʻani.
ʻO Suri, me kona huluhulu palupalu lōʻihi, i ulana ʻia i loko o nā dreadlocks ma lalo, kahi kū hoʻokahi (5% a i ʻole 120 tausani poʻo) a ʻo ka mea waiwai (ʻelua mau manawa ke kumu kūʻai ma mua o Wakaya) ʻano alpaca. ʻO ka hulu hipa ʻo Suri i hoʻohana ʻia no nā lole no nā poʻe kau nā lei aliʻi. ʻO Runo Suri (ke kūʻē i ke kāʻei o Wakaya) ke nānā aku ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa a me ka nui o ke kapa. ʻAʻohe ona lauoho kiaʻi e hoʻēmi i ka maikaʻi o ka hulu, akā maikaʻi kona lauoho, a pololei (19-25 microns) me nā wili liʻiliʻi i wili ʻia.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Ua hoʻomaka nā Indians Peruvian e hoʻolaʻa i nā kūpuna o ka alpaca ma kahi o 6 tausani mau makahiki i hala. Wahi a ka moʻolelo, ʻo ka hulu hipa o nā holoholona (kahi a ka manure i hoʻohana ʻia no ka wahie i waiwai ai) ua loaʻa iā ia ka inoa alegalogical "fiber of the akua".
A i ko mākou manawa, nā alpacas, ka hapanui o ka poʻe e noho ana ma Peru, ke lilo nei ia i kumu waiwai no nā Indians hou. Hoʻohui ʻia, loaʻa nā holoholona ma ka ʻākau o Chile, ʻEkuador, Komohana o Bolivia a me ʻAtenekia. Hele nā pūʻā Alpaca i nā Highlands o Peru (800 m ma luna o ka ʻilikai) a ʻai i nā mauna o nā Andes (ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 3.5-5.0 tausani m), a hōʻea i ka palena o ka hau me nā lau nahele.
ʻAi Alpaca
ʻAʻohe ʻokoʻa iki ia mai ka papaʻai o ka lio - kūloko ʻole nā alpacas a ʻoluʻolu pinepine me ka mauʻu ʻōpio... Hiki i hoʻokahi ʻeka ke hānai i nā holoholona 6-10.
Pākuʻi ʻia ka papa kuhikuhi:
- mea kanu lau nahele;
- ʻōpuʻu;
- limu;
- lau;
- licks paʻakai.
I ka ʻimi ʻana i nā mea kanu ʻoi aku ka momona a momona hoʻi, nānā pono nā artiodactyls i ka mauna kiʻekiʻe a neʻe lohi loa. Inā pono, neʻe ka pipi i nā wahi momona hou aku. Hoʻonui pinepine ka poʻe mahiʻai waiwai i kā lākou papa hānai ma ke kanu ʻana i ka clover a i ʻole alfalfa i ko lākou mau kula, a me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā minelala a me ka mauʻu i kā lākou papa helu alpaca.
Ke hānai ʻana, pono e nānā i kekahi mau helu.
- hānai me ka mauʻu ʻino ʻole;
- hay kiʻekiʻe (me nā protein);
- ke kaha pololei o nā minelala;
- nā lāʻau lapaʻau no nā parasites a me nā wikamina (hoʻokahi manawa i ka mahina);
- ke komo palena ʻole i ka wai.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO ke koʻikoʻi i ka meaʻai ma ka mauʻu / mauʻu, ʻoiai ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui o kēlā me kēia lā i ʻai ʻia - 1.5 kg no 55 kg o kāna kaupaona ponoʻī. Ua manaʻo ʻia e ʻai ana kahi alpaca ma kahi o 500 kg mauʻu i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO ka nui a me ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā meaʻai i hoʻopau ʻia i ka makahiki (keiki bipi a makua paha), ke kāne, ka hāpai a me ka wā lactation.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
ʻAʻole kau palena ʻia ka wā ipo Alpaca a paʻa i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa... Uhi ke alakaʻi i nā wahine wahine moekolohe āpau o kāna harem. I kekahi manawa ua hui ʻia nā harem i nā pūʻā nui, e alakaʻi ana i nā hakakā kolohe ma waena o nā kāne.
Hoʻoponopono ʻia ka hana hou ʻana o nā alpacas i ka lawe pio ʻia e nā kānaka, e hoʻoulu holoholona ʻana i nā holoholona like ʻole ma nā pā kaawale a e ʻae nei i nā kāne hoʻohiki ʻoi loa e male.
ʻAʻole momona ka wahine a maʻalahi i ka hāpai keiki ʻole, akā he waiwai hoihoi kā lākou - e hāpai i kēlā me kēia manawa o ka makahiki a i ʻole ka lā, ʻoiai ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka ovulation me nā kāne āpau. Mākaukau ka wahine no ka moekolohe ma hope koke o ka hānau ʻana, akā, ʻano ʻē, hānau ʻia ka hua ma kahi o hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia 2 makahiki.
He 11 mau mahina ka lōʻihi o ka hānau ʻana, a ʻo ka hopena o ka hānau ʻana o kahi keiki bipi, a ma hope o hoʻokahi hola e kū nei me ka wiwo ʻole. ʻO ka alpaca hānau hou he 1 kg kona kaumaha, akā ke piʻi wikiwiki nei ia i ke kaumaha, a hiki i 30 kg e kāna 9 mau mahina (ʻo ka maʻamau i kēia manawa kū ka makuahine i ka hānai ʻana iā ia me ka waiū). Hoʻomau ka ulu kino ikaika a hiki i ke kolu o ka makahiki o ke ola, a me nā hana hānau o ka alpaca "ala" ma hope o 2 mau makahiki.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā callus ka cougars nunui a me nā leopadi. Kūʻē ʻo Alpacas i nā mea hōkai ʻuʻuku ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ko lākou forelimbs a me kā lākou mea kaua inoa, ke kuha ana. Ke pale nei iā lākou iho, hana nā holoholona i nā leo e hoʻolaha aku i nā hoa o ka weliweli.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Manaʻo nā mea hoʻoulu holoholona ʻaʻohe mea hoʻoweliweli i ke ola o ka alpaca, no laila ʻaʻole ia i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka International Red Book.
Mea nui! Pale ʻia ka laha e ke kānāwai kaiapuni o Peru, ka mea pāpā i ka hoʻolilo a me ka luku ʻana i nā alpacas. Wahi a nā ʻike hou loa, ʻoi aku ka nui o kāna heluna kanaka o Peru ma mua o 3 miliona mau kānaka (88% o ka heluna honua).
ʻO nā hoʻāʻo hou ʻana e hoʻolauna i nā holoholona i ka nāhelehele (ma waho o ʻAmelika Hema) ua kūleʻa, akā hānai maikaʻi ʻia lākou i nā mahiʻai / hānai pilikino ma Australia (ʻoi aku ma mua o 60 tausani poʻo), ʻEulopa a me USA. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Alpacas ma Rūsia: hiki ke kūʻai ʻia i ka wahine no $ 13 tausani, ke kāne - no $ 9 tausani.
