ʻO Owl he ʻelele karnivorous o ka papa Manu ma kahi o ka ʻoka Owls (Latin Strigiformes, a i ʻole Striges). Hōʻike ʻia kēia ʻaoʻao e nā ʻano manu a ʻelua a ʻoi paha o ka nui a me ka waena, ʻo ia hoʻi ka nui o ka pō, a he ʻano maʻamau hoʻi ia ma nā ʻaneʻane o nā kihi o ka hona.
Wehewehe pueo
Wahi a ko lākou ʻano anatomical, he ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi nā ʻelele āpau o nā pueo mai nā mea hulu hulu o ke ao, ma muli o kahi ʻāpana kūʻokoʻa.
Nā hiʻohiʻona nui o ka iwi pueo:
- ke kūʻana o nā kaʻina hana i nā iwi nui;
- ke kū ʻana o kahi articulation triple ʻekolu o ka iwi poʻo me ka iwi ā lalo;
- ke kūʻana o nā phalanges pōkole loa o ka manamana nuiʻekolu;
- ke kūʻana o ka neʻe ʻana o nā manamana waho, i hiki ke kūlou i hope.
- ke kū ʻana ma kahi ʻāpana nui o ka laha o kahi notch ʻano aia ma ka ʻaoʻao hope ma ka sternum.
Hiki i ke poʻo Owl ke hoʻololi i ka 270 °... Ua wehewehe ʻia kēia hiʻohiʻona e ke kū ʻana o nā dilatations kūikawā o nā aʻa carotid ma ka pae o ka iwi ā lalo, e alakaʻi ana i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o kahi koko a hoʻonui i ka helu o nā kīʻaha koko liʻiliʻi e lālā mai nā aʻa nui. ʻO nā hono o nā aʻa carotid i nā alahaka anastomosed, a laila pale aku i ka kaohi nui ʻana o nā moku.
Helehelena
Hoʻokumu ʻia kahi corolla mālamalama i nā lālani he ʻelima o ka hulu ʻoʻoleʻa a hakahaka, kahi i kapa ʻia he pākuʻi maka i nā pueo. ʻO nā hulu lele o ka manu he poepoe nā wēlau a he kūlou ke ʻano i ke kino. ʻO ka wili a i ʻole ka kani lāʻau o ka pūnaewele i waho o nā hulu ʻekolu i kaulana pinepine ʻia, ma muli o ka lele ʻana o nā pueo me ka hāmau ʻole. ʻO ke kolu a me ka hā o ka hulu i hōʻike ʻia e ka lōʻihi i haʻi ʻia. ʻO nā hulu huelo ma kahi ʻoki a ʻike poepoe ʻia paha, ʻike ʻia ka huelo pōkole e ko lākou piʻo ʻana i lalo. Hāpai nā wāwae i ka base.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO kahi ʻāpana nui o nā ʻano e pili ana i nā ʻelele o ka ʻoka Owls he ʻōuliuli, a hina hina hoʻi me nā ʻāpana ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele hoʻi, nā ʻāpana a me nā kaha, kahi e kūlike ai ka plumage o nā pueo me ke kūlohelohe o ke ʻano, keu hoʻi ma hope o ka pō.
Hoʻohālikelike pū ʻia nā māiʻu ʻoo a me ka pueo lōʻihi e kahi curvature ikaika, a kūlou ka nuku o ua mea ʻaʻano hulu nei, e hoʻomaka ana mai ke kumu mai, a ʻaʻohe ona notches ma nā kihi. Hoʻopau ʻia me kahi lou i hoʻopokole ʻia, kahi e hiki ai i ka pueo ke hana i kahi kaomi kū hoʻokahi. Uhi ʻia ka pīni pōkole me ka hulu hulu. ʻO nā maka o kahi pueo o kekahi ʻano laha nui, ke nānā pono nei i mua, ka mea i wehewehe ʻia e ka wahi o nā maka o ka maka ma ke alo o ka iwi poʻo, a ʻo kahi mea ʻānō hulu ke ʻike i ka honua a puni iā ia wale nō i ka ʻeleʻele a me ke keʻokeʻo.
Kūlike ʻole i kahi manaʻo laha akā kuhi hewa, hiki i kahi pueo ke ʻike pono i nā hola o ke ao, no ka mea ʻaʻohe ʻike maka o nā manu e like me ke ʻano kūikawā i ke ao. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka haumāna o ka pueo e kahi ākea ākea a hoʻonui ʻia, ʻaʻole wale ma lalo o nā kūlana o nā loli i ka pae o ka mālamalama, akā i ka wā o ka inhalation a me ka exhalation.... He lahilahi ka lohe ʻana o ka pueo, ʻoi aku ka maopopo ma mua o ko nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana Feline. Uhi pinepine ʻia ka pepeiao kūwaho nui me ka ʻili paʻa a pelu ʻia me ka plumage.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ka nohona
ʻAʻohe pane kānalua i kēia manawa no ka nīnau inā he manu neʻe ka pueo, akā ʻo ka hapanui o nā mea hulu hulu o kā lākou kauoha o nā pueo e makemake i kahi nohona noho, a makemake pū kekahi e noho pālua wale nō. ʻO ka hana nui a kiʻekiʻe a kahi pueo i ka pō, no laila i ke ao e noho ana kēlā mau manu i nā pūnana a i nā lālā lāʻau.
Hoihoi ia! I ka wā kahiko, makaʻu nui ʻia nā pueo a hui pū me lākou i manaʻo pinepine ʻia he hōʻailona maikaʻi ʻole, pili pū ʻia me nā hanana mystical maikaʻi ʻole, a no kēia kumu i hoʻomaʻau ʻia ai kēlā mau manu ma kahi o nā wahi āpau.
ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nā pueo hau, i hiki ke hōʻike ʻaneʻane i ka hana uaki i nā lā polar. Hoʻohui nā kāne a me nā wahine o ka pueo i nā pālua a hoʻolilo i ko lākou ola a pau i loko o ia ʻano male, akā ʻo ka manawa o ka haʻi aloha ʻana a i ʻole nā pāʻani moena, i loko o nā ʻano manu he nui, aneane pau loa i nā mea ʻili hulu.
Ehia mau pueo e ola nei
Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ka awelika o ke ola o ka pueo mai ka ʻelima a ka ʻumikūmālima mau makahiki a, e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia, pili pono i nā ʻano nohona, nā ʻano o ka lāhui a me ka nui o ka manu. ʻO Owls kekahi o nā mea hoʻopaʻa moʻolelo no ka lōʻihi. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka moʻolelo o ka honua ma Suedena, kahi o ke ola o kekahi o nā pueo i like me 24 mau makahiki a me ʻeiwa mau mahina.
Nā ʻano pueo
Loaʻa i ka ʻāpana kahi mau ʻohana ʻelua, i hōʻike ʻia e nā pueo, a i ʻole nā pueo maoli, a me nā pueo pākeke.
ʻO nā pueo ʻohana ʻohana (Striginae) pū kekahi
- genus Nā Scoops (Оtus) - he ʻumikūmālua mau hanana kēia, ʻike ʻia nā lunamakaʻāinana e kahi disc piha ʻole o ka helehelena, a ʻo nā "pepeiao" hulu nui, nā manamana lima ʻole a i ʻole nā pulu ʻoʻoleʻa. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā manu e kahi ʻulaʻula, brownish a hina hina me nā flecks;
- genus MEGASCORS - he iwakāluakūmālima kēia ʻano manu o nā manu kōkō;
- genus Pueo (Striх) - he iwakāluakūmākahi ʻano kēia, ʻo nā lunamakaʻāinana kahi lōʻihi o ke kino ma kahi o 30-70 cm. ʻAʻohe pepeiao hulu o kēia genus, a ʻike ʻia ka disc o ka helehelena e ka hōʻike maikaʻi. Plumage o kahi ʻano leʻaleʻa, hina hina a ʻulaʻula paha me ka loaʻa o nā kaha ʻeleʻele;
- genus Pueo aeto (Wubo) - he ʻumikūmāiwa mau ʻano, a ʻo nā lunamakaʻāinana he manu nocturnal me ke kala ʻulaʻula a me ka ʻulaʻula me nā kaha kahamaha. Aia nā "pepeiao" hulu ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo. Hoʻololi ka lōʻihi o ke kino ma waena o 36-75 cm;
- genus Pueo Neotropical (Рulsatrix) - he ʻekolu mau ʻano manu ʻaihue kēia;
- genus Pueo iʻa (Scotorelia) - he ʻekolu mau ʻano manu ʻaihue kēia;
- genus Pueo iʻa (Ketura) - he ʻekolu mau ʻano ia, nā ʻelele e manaʻo ʻia e hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka genus nui Wubo;
- genus Nā ʻeke keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo (ʻO Ptilorsis) - he ʻano lua, nā lunamakaʻāinana e pili ana i ka moth genus (Otus);
- genus Kāpena Cuban (Мargаrobyаs) - kahi ʻano mehameha e hoʻokumu ana i ka genus monotypic ʻo Margarabyas a ke ʻano hope nei iā Cuba;
- genus ʻAkopa ʻAmelika Komohana (ʻO Psilosсors) - kahi ʻano manu o nā manu lele;
- genus Pueo horned (ʻO Lorhostrich) He ʻano monotypic ia e noho ana i nā wahi nahele o ka hema a me ka waena o ʻAmelika.
- genus Owl Horned Owl (Iubula) He ʻano mehameha e hana ana i ka genus monotypic ʻo Jubula a ke ʻano hopena i ʻApelika.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka ʻohana Аsiоninae
- genus Pueo pepeiao (Asio) - ʻeono mau ʻano, nā lunamakaʻāinana i kahi pākuʻi maka maoli, a me kahi iris melemele a ʻalani paha. Lōʻihi a hāiki hoʻi nā ʻeheu, me nā apices i ke ʻano o ka hulu lele ʻelua a ʻekolu. Hoʻohanohano ʻia ka laha e nā pepeiao pepeiao nui i uhi ʻia me ka pelu leathery asymmetrical. ʻO nā wāwae o ka manu he plumage a i ka ʻāpana kui;
- genus Heʻe koko Jamaican, a i ʻole Pueo pueo (Рsеudоsсорs) - nā mea i hiki i ka lōʻihi o 28-35 cm a me ka plumage ʻulaʻula a me ka nuku ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo;
- genus Ua pueo ʻo Solomon i ka pueo (Nesаsio) He ʻano laha e hana i kahi genus monotypic, i pili mua ʻia i ka pueo pueo pepeiao lōʻihi.
Hoʻokomo pū ʻia ka ʻohana Surniinae
- genus Pueo wāwae kuʻi kuʻi (Ninoh) - kanakolukūmākolu mau ʻano, nā lunamakaʻāinana i loaʻa nā hulu manuahi a me ka hulu e like me ka uhi ʻana o nā manamana lima. Hoʻololi ka lōʻihi o ka manu mai 20 knm a i ka hapalua mika. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka lihi lalo o ka nuku e kahi niho kūikawā;
- genus Pueo peʻa (ʻO Glаucidium) - ʻekolu mauʻano kakini, nā ʻelele nona ka nui o ke kino, nā ʻeheu pōkole a me kahi huelo lōʻihi. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka pā hōʻano e ka hoʻomohala nāwaliwali, ʻaʻohe "pepeiao", liʻiliʻi ka maka;
- genus Pueo uka (Аеgоlius) - ʻelima mau ʻano, ʻo nā ʻelele e like me ke ʻano o ka pueo, akā ua nui nā manamana wāwae hulu, kahi pōkole ʻoi loa, a me nā ʻōmole hemo, kahi poʻo nui a me kahi pākuʻi maka i wehewehe pono ʻia.
- genus Pueo (Аthеne) - ʻekolu mau ʻano, nā lunamakaʻāinana o nā ʻāina ākea loa, nā kūlanakauhale, nā kuaʻāina, nā ʻāpana steppe, nā wao akua a me nā wao akua, a me nā wahi pōhaku hoʻi;
- genus Pueo ululāʻau (ʻO Heteroglaux) He ʻano laha a kona mau lunamakaʻāinana e hōʻike ai i ka liʻiliʻi loa a me ke kino lōʻihi i loko o ka hapahā mika. Uhi ʻia ka ʻēheu i nā kaha keʻokeʻo. Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻano ʻokoʻa nui e nā manamana wāwae ikaika loa i uhi ʻia i ka plumage keʻokeʻo. Akahai ka dimorphism moekolohe;
- genus Owl Owl (SurniА) He ʻano laha kona mau lunamakaʻāinana nona ka nui a me ka huelo lōʻihi, a ʻokoʻa hoʻi i ka maka a me ka nuku melemele i ka loaʻa ʻole o nā "pepeiao" ʻano. ʻO ka lōʻihi awelika o kahi manu he 35-43 cm me ka ʻēheu o 60-80 cm;
- genus Pueo Elf (Miсrathеne) - kahi ʻano i wehewehe ʻia nā lunamakaʻāinana i ka makahiki 1861, a ʻokoʻa hoʻi i ka lōʻihi o ke kino ma waena o 12-14 cm, me ke kaupaona ma kahi o 45 gram. ʻO ka pae ʻana o ke kino i kahi ala kū i luna, me kahi poʻo nui a me ka ʻole o nā "pepeiao";
- genus ʻO Andean sideburn (Xenoglaux) - kahi ʻano mehameha, nona nā lunamakaʻāinana i ʻike ʻia e ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o kahi genus monotypic;
- genus Pueo pueo (ʻO Urоglаux) He ʻano laha kahi ona lunamakaʻāinana kahi genus monotypic a ʻokoʻa i ka nui awelika me ka lōʻihi o ke kino mai 30-33 cm, kahi poʻo liʻiliʻi, a me kahi huelo lōʻihi. Pōkole nā ʻeheu, poepoe. Keʻokeʻo ka pāhaʻi maka, akā ʻoi aku ka māmā o nā ʻōpio i ka waihoʻoluʻu ma mua o nā manu makua.
No laila, he mea maʻamau ke kuhikuhi i ka ʻohana Pig ma ke ʻano he ʻekolu mau ʻohana nui wale nō, kahi e hoʻohui i ʻekolu kakini genera.
ʻĀpana, puʻunaue
Ua hoʻolaha ʻia nā ʻano scoops ma ʻEulopa a me ʻAsia, a ma ʻApelika a me ʻAmelika.... Hoʻolahalaha nui ʻia nā Lunamakaʻāinana o ka genus Splyushka ma ʻEulopa. I ko mākou ʻāina, ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka pueo scops, ma ka Hikina hikina, ka moths a me nā moth collar kekahi mea maʻamau, a ma Central Asia a ma nā panalāʻau o Kazakhstan, hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā i ka scoop Desert.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO nā pueo pueo he ʻelele o nā ʻano biotopes like ʻole, e like me taiga, a me nā wao akua a me nā wahi nahele ulu lāʻau, no laila, noho like kēlā mau kānaka ma nā ʻāina āpau o ka honua, koe wale nō ʻo ʻAukekulia.
ʻO nā Lunamakaʻāinana o ka genus Megassor he poʻe noho lākou ma ʻAkau, ʻAkau Hema a me ʻAmelika Waena, a ua hoʻolaha ʻia nā Toughs ma ʻEulopa, ʻApelika ʻĀkau, a ma ʻAsia a me ʻAmelika hoʻi. Noho nā pueo Neotropical i nā ululāʻau o ʻAmelika Hema a me Central America, ʻoiai ʻo Fish Owls e noho wale nei ma ʻAsia. Hoʻolahalaha nui ʻia nā moth maka keʻokeʻo i kēia lā i nā kamaʻāina o ʻApelika, a ʻo Pseudoscors kekahi poʻe noho ma ka mokupuni ʻo Jamaica.
Papaʻai pueo
Noho ʻo Owls kokoke i ka hona holoʻokoʻa, no laila ʻo ka meaʻai o ia mau manu ʻaihue ka hapanui o nā holoholona, akā ʻike ʻia ia e kahi ʻano laha like ʻole. ʻO nā pueo aeto, ma ke ʻano he lunamakaʻāinana nui loa o nā pueo, hānai wale i nā mea ʻai koko mehana, a makemake nā poʻe wāwae wāwae kuʻikuʻi ʻole i ka ʻai ʻana i nā ʻino.
Hiki i kahi pueo ke lilo i mau mahina me ka ʻole o ka wai, a hāʻawi ʻia kahi pae o ka wai i ke kino o kahi manu lele e ke koko hou o kāna mea pio. Puea pueo a, no laila, hānai, i ka pōʻeleʻele nui.
ʻO ka waiwai pio o nā ʻelele nui loa o ke kauoha Owls hiki ke hōʻike ʻia e nā ʻalopeke nui ʻole, nā lemona a me nā ʻiole, akā ʻaneʻane hoʻi o nā manu. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻimi nui nā pueo hau i ka liona vole, nā bea a me nā ermines nui ʻole, a ʻeleu maoli nā pueo hale i ka ʻai ʻana i nā ʻano meaola āpau, e like me nā rodents.
Mea nui! Hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ʻaʻole ʻai nā pueo i ke kino make, a no ka wā hoʻoilo e hana pono ʻia nā mea ʻai e nā mea ʻaihue hulu i nā pūnana.
ʻAi wale nā pueo elf liʻiliʻi i nā mea kolo, a ʻano ʻokoʻa ka ʻai a ka pueo. ʻO nā pueo pueo, me nā pueo, makemake e noho kokoke i kahi noho kanaka kahi e luku ai lākou i kahi nui o nā koʻokoʻo ʻino.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Hiki i nā pueo o nā lāhui like ʻole ke hana hou i hoʻokahi a i ʻole mau manawa i hoʻokahi makahiki, a ʻo ka pinepine o nā keiki e pili pono ana i ka nui o nā meaʻai i nā wahi noho o nā manu o ka manu. Hiki ke hōʻike ʻia i hoʻokahi lāpau e kekahi mau hua, akā ʻo ka hapanui pinepine ka helu ʻana o kā lākou helu ma waena o nā hua he 3-10. ʻO nā hua manu Owl ka hapanui o ka waihoʻoluʻu keʻokeʻo, ke ʻano poepoe a me ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi.
I ka loaʻa ʻole o ka nui o ka meaʻai, ʻai pono paha nā pueo makua i nā kaikaina a nāwaliwali paha i ka pūnana. Ma ke ʻano he kumu, hoʻokomo ʻia nā hua manu e nā wahine, a pili pono nā kāne i ka hānai ʻana i kā lākou keiki.
ʻO ka pinepine, ʻo nā moa o nā makahiki ʻokoʻa ke launa maikaʻi i hoʻokahi pūnana pueo. Hānai nā mākua i nā keiki āpau āpau i hānau ʻia, akā ʻo kahi ʻāpana nui o ka manawa a me ka hana i hāʻawi ʻia i nā pueo kahiko.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻO ke kumu nui o ka make ʻana o nā pueo ke manaʻo ʻia he malnutrisi. I kekahi mau makahiki, ke waiwai ʻole ka nui o nā rodents a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe i ʻimi ʻia e nā pueo, ma kahi o ka hapahā o nā ʻōpio i make. Ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻokau pinepine ʻia nā ʻano pueo ʻokoʻa i nā manu lele e nā manu nui e like me nā ʻio, nā ʻaeto a me nā aeto gula.
Mea nui! Hoʻoweliweli ʻia nā pūnana pueo hau e nā ʻalopeke Arctic, ka mea e ʻai i nā moa a me nā hua manu, a me nā skuas me nā nuku ikaika a me nā māiʻuʻu i hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia he mea hoʻoweliweli kūikawā i nā keiki o kēia ʻano.
ʻO nā ʻenemi nui o nā pueo pueo i hāʻule a lele i waho o kā lākou pūnana ma mua o ka nui o nā carnivores, e like me nā raccoons, ferrets a me nā ʻalopeke. Akā ʻo ka ʻenemi nui o ka pueo i kēia manawa he kanaka i loaʻa ka hopena luku i ka wahi noho o ka manu ma ke kua ʻana i nā kumu lāʻau. Ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka pueo ka mea pinepine i ka hopu holoholona kanaka ʻole ʻia.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
ʻOiai ʻo ka nui o nā pueo e lawe i nā pōmaikaʻi he nui i ka poʻe a luku i nā mea kolo weliweli he nui, a me nā rodents, ua lilo kekahi mau lālā o kēia ʻohana i mea liʻiliʻi loa, i hoʻonāukiuki ʻia e ka palena o ka puʻunaue ʻana a me ko lākou neʻe ʻana mai nā wahi nui a maoli. I kēia lā, ʻo ka pueo hau, a me kekahi mau ʻano ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka Red Book a me ka Appendix II o ka CITES Convention.
Waiwai waiwai
ʻO nā pueo i nā kūlana kūlohelohe he mea nui wale. ʻAe ka poʻe hānai hulu i ka palena o ka nui o nā rodents, a kōkua pū kekahi i ka luku ʻia o nā manu maʻi a nāwaliwali paha, kahi hopena maikaʻi i nā ʻōuli laulā o ka loko wai.
Ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, hoʻolaha nui nā manu e like me nā hua a me nā ʻano hua like ʻole o nā mea kanu, e paipai ana i ko lākou noho hou ʻana. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā lepo o nā ʻelele o nā ʻano pueo a pau ma ke ʻano he mau mea kanu meaola keu.He manu lūlū nani a haʻaheo hoʻi, a he nui nā lālā o ka ʻohana i hiki ke maʻalahi a maʻalahi hoʻi i ka noho pū ʻana me nā poʻe, no laila pono lākou i ka mahele o nā holoholona i makemake nui ʻia a makemake nui ʻia.
