Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ʻo Zebra (lat. Iā Nirrotigris zebras o Burchell's (Еquus quаggа), a ʻo Grevy's zebras (Еquus grеvyi) a me nā zebras kuahiwi (Еquus zеbrа).
Hōʻike o ka zebra
Wahi a nā kānaka ʻepekema, ma kahi o 4,5 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka laina Equus, a lilo ia i kūpuna o ia mau holoholona hou e like me nā lio, zebras a me nā hoki. Hoʻohanohano ʻia nā zebras makua e ko lākou lokomaikaʻi kūikawā a me ka nani o ka bewitching.
ʻIke, kala
Aia ʻo Zebras i waena o nā holoholona me ke kino waena me ka lōʻihi o ʻelua mika... ʻO ke kaulike kaulike o ka zebra mākua ma kahi o 310-350 kg. ʻO ka huelo he lōʻihi waena, ma waena o 48-52 knm. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā kāne zebras ma mua o nā wahine, no laila ke kiʻekiʻe o kēlā holoholona i nā mea mae wale pinepine a me ka hapa mika. He kino paʻa a paʻa hoʻi ka kumukānāwai o ka māmala kaulike ʻole ʻia, a me nā lālā pōkole, a ʻo nā hopena i ikaika a hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia. He mau ʻāpana kuʻikuʻi kā nā kāne e kōkua i ka holoholona i ke kaua no ka palekana o ka pūʻā holoʻokoʻa.
Hoihoi ia! He mane pōkole a paʻakikī hoʻi nā Lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana Equidae. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka lālani waena o ka paila e ka hele ʻana ma ka ʻāina o ke kua me kahi "palaki" e holo ana mai ke poʻo a ka hiʻu.
Muscular ka ʻāʻī o ka zebra, akā mānoanoa i nā kāne. ʻAʻole wikiwiki ʻo zebra makua i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā lio, akā inā makemake ʻia, hiki i kahi holoholona ke piʻi i ka wikiwiki a i 70-80 km i kēlā me kēia hola. Holo aku ʻo Zebras mai kā lākou poʻe alualu i nā zigzags ʻano ʻokoʻa, no laila ʻaʻole hiki ke kiʻi ʻia kēia mau artiodactyls i nā ʻano holoholona he nui wale.
Hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā Zebras e nā maka maka nāwaliwali loa, akā, he ʻano ʻala i hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia, e ʻae ai iā lākou e ʻike i ka weliweli hiki ke loaʻa ma kahi mamao loa, a me ka manawa e ao aku i ka pūʻulu e pili ana i ka hoʻoweliweli. ʻO nā kani a artiodactyls e hana ai hiki ke ʻano ʻokoʻa: like me ka ʻīlio hae, e hoʻomanaʻo ana i ke kani ʻana o ka lio a i ka uē paha o ka hoki.
Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā ʻāpana i ka ʻili o ka holoholona i ka ʻāʻī a me ke poʻo i hoʻonohonoho ʻia, a ua hoʻonani ʻia ke kino o ka zebra me nā kaha i kahi kihi. Ma nā wāwae o ka artiodactyl, aia nā kaha ākea. I nā ʻōlelo e pili ana i ka evolution, ʻo nā ʻāpana i ka ʻili o ka zebra kahi ʻano o ka camouflaging ʻana i ka holoholona mai nā lele tsetse a me nā nalo lio. I kūlike me kekahi, ʻaʻohe kuhiakau maʻamau, ʻo nā ʻāpana kahi hūnā maikaʻi loa mai nā holoholona hihiu he nui.
Hoihoi ia! Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻāpana Zebra e kahi ʻano kū hoʻokahi no kēlā me kēia kanaka, a ʻo nā ʻōpio o ia ʻano mammal i uhi ʻia e ʻike ʻia ko lākou makuahine ma muli wale nō o kāna kala ponoʻī.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ka nohona
He pīhoihoi nui ʻo Zebras i nā māmela puʻupuʻu puʻupuʻu ʻia, ʻo ia ke kumu e ʻeha ai lākou a lilo i pio i nā mea ʻaihue. Hoʻohui ʻia nā holoholona i loko o nā bipi, kahi o kekahi mau kānaka. No kēlā me kēia kāne he ʻelima a ʻeono paha kāne a me kekahi mau ʻōpio, i kiaʻi ikaika ʻia e ke poʻo o ia ʻohana. ʻO ka hapanui pinepine, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o kanalima mau poʻe i loko o hoʻokahi pua, akā he nui nā holoholona.
I loko o ka ʻohana zebra, ʻike ʻia kahi hierarchy koʻikoʻi, no laila, i ke kaʻina o ka hoʻomaha, hana kekahi mau kānaka ma ke ʻano he kiaʻi kiaʻi, ʻoiai ke koena o nā holoholona e palekana loa.
Ehia mau zebra e ola nei
ʻO kahi hui maikaʻi o nā kūlana e ʻae ai i kahi zebra e noho i ka nāhelehele no kahi hapahā o ke kenekulia, a i ka hoʻopaʻa pio ʻana o ka lōʻihi o ke ola o kēlā holoholona i kanahā mau makahiki, akā malia paha he ʻoi aku paha.
ʻAno Zebra
ʻEkolu wale nō ʻano o nā māmela puʻupuʻu puʻupuʻu i ka subgenus o Zebra:
- Zebra Burchell a i ʻole savana (lat. Еquus quаggа a i ʻole E. burshelli) - ka laha pinepine, i kapa ʻia ma hope o ka botanist Pelekane Burchell. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o ke kumu ma ka ʻili o ka laha ka hiki ke loli ma muli o ka nohona, no laila, ʻeono mau ʻāpana nui i ʻike ʻia. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā subspecies ʻākau e ke kūana o kahi kumu i ʻoi aku ka maopopo, ʻoiai nā ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao hema i ʻike ʻia e kahi ʻano blurred o nā kaha ma ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa o ke kino a me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā kaha beige ma ka ʻili keʻokeʻo. ʻO ka nui o ke kanaka makua he 2.0-2.4 m, me ka awelika o ka lōʻihi o ka huelo ma ke kaona o 47-57 cm a me ke kiʻekiʻe o kahi holoholona ma kahi e mae ana a hiki i ka 1.4 m. ʻOkoʻa ke kaumaha o ka zebra mai 290 a 340 kg;
- ʻO Zebra Grevy a i ʻole neoneo (lat. E.grevyi), i kapa ʻia ma hope o ka Pelekikena o Palani, no ka mahele o nā holoholona nui loa o ka ʻohana Equidae. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ko Grevy zebra hōʻea i ʻekolu mau mika a ʻoi aku ke kaumaha ma mua o 390-400 kg. ʻO ka huelo o kahi zebra wao akua ma kahi o ka hapalua mika ka lōʻihi. Hōʻike ʻia kahi hiʻohiʻona kikoʻī e kahi predominance o ke kala keʻokeʻo a keʻokeʻo-melemele a me ke alo o kahi ākea ʻeleʻele ākea e holo ana ma waena o ka dorsal. Lahilahi nā kaha ma ka ʻili a kokoke a pili pono kekahi i kekahi;
- Zebera mauna (lat. E.zebra) ʻike ʻia e kahi ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele me kahi predominance o nā ʻāpana lahilahi ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo e kau ana i nā lālā i kahi o ka hoof. ʻO ke kaupaona o kahi zebra mauna mauna makua hiki i 265-370 kg, me ka lōʻihi o ke kino ma waena o 2.2 m a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻole o hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mika.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO nā mea make i komo pū me nā ʻāpana o ka zebra o Burchell - Quagga (lat.E. Quagga quagga), i noho ma ʻApelika Hema a ua ʻike ʻia e kahi kala onionio, i kākoʻo ʻia e ka waihoʻoluʻu lio bay.
ʻOi iki ka liʻiliʻi o nā hybrids i kiʻi ʻia mai ke keʻa ʻana i kahi zebra me kahi lio home a i ʻole kahi hoki. Hoʻohui pinepine ka Hybridization i ka hoʻohana ʻana o kahi kāne kāne a me nā wahine mai nā ʻohana ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā Zebroid i ko lākou helehelena e like me ka lio, akā he kala ʻāpana hapa. ʻO Hybrids, ma ke ʻano he rula, huhū loa, akā hiki i ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana, mahalo a hoʻohana ʻia lākou ma ke ʻano he mauna a he holoholona o ka ukana.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
ʻO ka noho nui o Burchella a i ʻole Savannah zebra e hōʻike ʻia e ka ʻaoʻao hema hikina o ka ʻāina ʻApelika. Wahi a nā poʻe loea, ʻo ka nohona o nā subspecies lowland ka savannas o East Africa, a me ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka ʻāina nui, Sudan a me ʻAitiopa. Ua pālahalaha nui ʻia ko Grevy mau laha i ke kāʻei subequatorial ma ka hikina o ʻApelika, e like me Kenya, Uganda, ʻAitiopa a me Somalia, a me Meru. Noho nā zebras kuahiwi i nā mauna kiʻekiʻe o ʻApelika Hema a me Namibia i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ʻelua tausani mau mika ke kiʻekiʻe.
Hoihoi ia!Makemake nui nā zebras mākua a me nā holoholona ʻōpio o ia ʻano holoholona i uhi ʻia i ka lepo i ka lepo maʻamau.
ʻAe kēia ʻano ʻauʻau e ʻae a ʻae koke nā luna o ka ʻohana Equidae i nā ectoparasite he nui.
Ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, "launa maikaʻi" nā lio lūlū "me kahi manu liʻiliʻi i kapa ʻia he ʻāhi lāʻau bipi. Noho nā manu ma ka zebra a hoʻohana i ko lākou nuku e koho i nā ʻano mea ʻino āpau mai ka ʻili. Hiki i nā Artiodactyls ke hānai me ka mālie i ka hui o nā lau nahele ʻino ʻino ʻino ʻē aʻe, i kū ʻia e nā buffalo, nā antelope, nā gazelles a me nā giraffes, a me nā aeto hoʻi.
ʻO Zebra Diet
ʻO nā Zebras nā mea ulu lāʻau e hānai nui i nā ʻano mea ulu like ʻole, a me ka ʻili a me nā laʻalāʻau... ʻOi aku ka makemake o kahi holoholona kahu hānai makua e hānai i ka mauʻu pōkole a me ka mauʻu e ulu kokoke ana i ka honua. Aia kekahi mau ʻokoʻa i ka papaʻai o nā ʻano ʻokoʻa a me nā subspecies o ka zebra. ʻO nā wao nahele pinepine e hānai i nā mea kanu lau nahele lau ʻole, ʻaʻole ʻai ʻia e nā holoholona ʻē aʻe no ka ʻohana Equidae. Pēlā nō, kuhi ʻia kēia ʻano e ka ʻai ʻana i nā mauʻu fibrous me kahi ʻano paʻa, e like me Eleusis.
ʻO nā wao akua, e noho nui ana i nā wahi maloʻo, ʻai ikaika i ka ʻili a me nā lau, no ka nele o nā kūlana maikaʻi no ka ulu ʻana o ka uhi lau nahele. ʻO kaʻai a ka zebra mauna ka mauʻu nui, me Themeda triandra a me nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole ʻē aʻe. Hiki i kekahi mau mammal artiodactyl ke ʻai i nā ʻōpuʻu a me nā wana, nā hua a me nā ʻūlū kulina, a me nā aʻa o nā mea kanu he nui.
No ke ola piha, pono ka zebras i ka wai i kēlā me kēia lā. Hoʻohana nā lālā āpau o ka ʻohana Lio i kahi ʻāpana nui o ke ao ma ka hanai maoli ʻana.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Hoʻomaka ka wā estrus i nā wahine zebra me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā makahiki he 10 i hala o ka puna a i ʻole i ka hoʻomaka mua o ke kauwela. I kēia manawa, hoʻomaka nā wahine e hoʻonohonoho pono i ko lākou mau lālā hope, a me ka pale ʻana i ko lākou huelo, e hōʻike ana i ka mākaukau o ka holoholona i hoʻolapalapa ʻia e hānau hou. ʻO ka manawa hānau i loko o kahi holoholona pēpē e mau ana ma kahi o hoʻokahi makahiki, a ʻo ke kaʻina hanau keiki e kūlike paha me ka wā o ka hāpai ʻana. E like me ka hōʻike ʻana o nā mea i ʻike ʻia, ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o nā keiki, hiki i kahi wahine zebra ke hāpai hou ma hope o hoʻokahi pule, akā hānau ʻia nā keiki keiki hoʻokahi wale nō makahiki i ka makahiki.
Hānau ka zebras wahine makua kāne i hoʻokahi cub, a, ma ke ʻano he rula, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i 80 cm ke kiʻekiʻe, a kaupaona ma kahi o 30-31 kg. Ma kahi o ka hapalua hola a hoʻokahi hola paha ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, kū ke keiki lio i kona mau wāwae ponoʻī, a ma hope o kekahi mau pule, hoʻomaka ka cub e hoʻopiha i kāna papaʻai me kahi mauʻu mauʻu.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO ka zebra kāne o kēlā me kēia ʻano a me nā mea ʻāpana e lilo i moekolohe, ma ke ʻano he kūlana, i ka makahiki o ʻekolu, a ʻo ka wahine - ma kahi o ʻelua mau makahiki, akā ʻo ka hiki ke hānau keiki ke waiho nei i loko o nā mammals artiodactyl a hiki i nā makahiki he ʻumikūmāwalu.
Hānai ʻia nā ʻōpio me ka waiū no hoʻokahi makahiki paha. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻo nā wahine a me nā keiki ʻōpio i loko o kēia wā ua hui ʻia i loko o kahi ohana kaawale.
ʻO ka waiū o kahi zebra wahine he ʻano ʻokoʻa a ʻano ʻokoʻa kāwili ʻia i ka poni pinkish, he lawa nā mea momona, nā minelala a me nā huaora no ka ulu ikaika a me ka hoʻomohala kūpono ʻana o ka foal. Ma muli o kāna ʻano kūikawā, hiki i kēlā ʻano meaʻai ke hāʻawi i nā keiki o artiodactyls e mālama i ke kaulike maikaʻi loa i ka ʻōnaehana digestive, a hoʻoikaika pū kekahi i ka ʻōnaehana pale.
A hiki i ka makahiki ʻekolu, makemake nā pēpē zebra e noho paʻa i hoʻokahi hui, ʻaʻole i ʻae iā lākou e lilo i mea maʻalahi no nā holoholona ʻānō ʻokoʻa.... Mai ka ʻekahi a i ʻole ʻekolu mau makahiki, kipaku ʻia nā kāne ʻōpio mai ka ʻohana holoholona maʻamau, mahalo i hiki i kēlā mau artiodactyls ke hana i ko lākou ʻohana ponoʻī. I nā pule mua, nānā nui ka wahine i kāna pēpē a pale ikaika iā ia. Ke hoʻāʻo nei ka zebra i ka makaʻu o kāna keiki, hoʻāʻo e hūnā iā ia i ka hohonu o ka pipi a hoʻohana i ke kōkua ikaika o nā ʻohana makua āpau.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻO ka ʻenemi nui o ka zebra ka liona, a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe predatory ʻApelika, e like me nā cheetah, nā leopadi a me nā tigika. I nā kūlana o kahi lua e hoʻoinu ai, hoʻoweliweli nā alligators i ke ola o artiodactyls, a hiki i nā cubes zebra ke lilo i waiwai pio no nā hyenas. Ma waena o nā pēpē makua ʻole, aia kahi pākēneka kiʻekiʻe loa o ka make mai nā mea ʻaihue a maʻi paha, no laila, ma ke ʻano he rula, he hapalua wale nō o nā keiki kāne i koe a hiki i ka makahiki hoʻokahi.
ʻO ka pale kūlohelohe o ka zebra ʻaʻole ia e ke ʻano o kona kala, akā e ka maka maka a me ka lohe maikaʻi e ulu ai, no laila e akahele a makaʻu hoʻi kēlā holoholona. ʻO ka mahuka ʻana mai ka alualu ʻana o nā mea ʻaihue, hiki i nā ʻelele o ka ʻohana Equidae ke hoʻohana i kahi holo wili, kahi e hoʻoweliweli ai i ka holoholona wikiwiki a hoʻolohe.
Hoihoi ia! Ke pale nei i kāna mau keiki keiki, kū aʻe kahi zebra makua, nahu a keʻehi ikaika hoʻi, e hakakā ikaika nei i nā mākua a me nā mea nui nui.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
I ka mua, ua pālahalaha loa nā zebras ma aneane o nā panalāʻau āpau o ʻAinapuni ʻApelika, akā i kēia lā ua emi loa ka heluna nui o ia heluna kanaka. ʻO kahi laʻana, ua emi iho ka heluna kanaka o ka zebra mauna Hartman (lat. E. zebra hartmannae) ʻewalu mau manawa a ma kahi o ʻumikūmālima kaukani mau kānaka, a pale ʻia ka zebra mauna Cape ma ka pae mokuʻāina.
