Ma nā hale kūʻai Iapana medieval, ua hala kēia kamaʻāina o ke kai hohonu ma ke ʻano he kaikamahine wahine, no ka naʻaupō o ka lehulehu. ʻAʻole ia he mea e kahaha ai ka inoa "dugong" (duyung) i unuhi ʻia mai ka ʻōlelo Malia mai he "kaikamahine kai".
Ka wehewehe o ka dugong
ʻO Dugong dugon no ka ʻoka o sirens, ʻo ia wale nō ke ʻano o ka ʻohana dugong. Hoʻohui ʻia, ua ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo ka dugong wale nō ka mea hānai hānai mea ulu wale i ka wai kai. He holoholona nui ia, e ulu ana a i ka 2.5-4 m a ke kaupaona ʻana a i 600 kg... Aia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona hou aku: ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke kāne i hopu ʻia i ke Kaiʻula kokoke i 6 m. ʻO nā kāne, ma muli o ka dimorphism moekolohe i hoʻomohala ʻia, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā wahine.
Helehelena
ʻO ka dugong, ʻoiai kona nui kupaianaha, he helehelena maikaʻi me ke ʻano o ka maka a me nā maka liʻiliʻi. Ke nānā ʻia i ka ʻikepili, ʻakaʻaka ka dugong. Ke kahe mālie nei ke poʻo sedentary i loko o kahi kino kālapa, a ma ka hopena he fin caudal papamoe, e like me ka huelo o cetaceans. ʻAʻole like me ka huelo o ka manatee, hoʻokaʻawale kahi notch hohonu i nā lobes fin fin tail.
Ma muli o ka laumania o ka silhouette laulā, maopopo ʻole i kahi e pau ai ke poʻo liʻiliʻi a hoʻomaka ka ʻāʻī pōkole. ʻAʻohe pepeiao o ka dugong, a hohonu loa kona maka. ʻO ka waha, e ʻoki ʻia ana, he mau puka ihu me nā kiwikā kūikawā e pani ana i ka wai ke pono. ʻO nā puka ihu iā lākou iho (i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me ke koena o nā sirena) e ʻike maka ʻia nei i luna.
Pau ka waha o ka dugong me nā lehelehe o ke kino e kau ana i lalo, ʻo ka mea kiʻekiʻe i hoʻolālā ʻia no ke kiʻi maʻalahi ʻana i nā limu (ua bifurcated ia ma waenakonu a kikoʻī ʻia me nā bristles vibrissa paʻakikī). I nā ʻōpio, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka bifurcation. Hoʻohui ʻia, nui ko lākou mau niho (maʻamau 26) - 2 incisors a me 4 a 7 mau paiola i nā ā ʻelua. I nā holoholona makua, he 5-6 mau pai molara i koe.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO nā incisors luna o nā kāne e lilo i tusks (me nā ʻoki ʻoki ʻoi loa), e puka aku ana mai nā gum mai 6-7 knm. I nā wahine, ʻaʻole e hū nā mea i luna a ʻike ʻole ʻia paha.
Ke hoʻomau nei ka ulu o nā ʻāʻī o luna e ulu a puni ke ola o ka dugong. Ua uhi ʻia ka lehelehe lalo a me ka ʻaoʻao mamao o ka lewa i nā ʻāpana keratinized, a pelu i lalo ka iwi ā lalo. ʻO ka ulu ʻana o nā laha i alakaʻi ʻia i ka loli o kona forelimbs i loko o nā fins flipper like flipper (0.35-0.45 m) a i ka lilo piha ʻana o nā mea haʻahaʻa, i hoʻomanaʻo ʻia i nā iwi pelvic (rudimentary) i loko o nā mākala. He ʻeleʻele, mānoanoa (2-2.5 cm) ka ʻili o ka dugong i uhi ʻia me ka ulu ulu lauoho. Ke ulu nei ia, ʻeleʻele ke kala o ka holoholona, e loaʻa ana i nā kani kēpau brownish a puʻupuʻu hoʻi me ka ʻōpū māmā.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ka nohona
50 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei, he 4 mau lālā piha o ka dugong (e hoʻokolokolo ana i nā fossil i loaʻa) i ʻae ʻia e neʻe maʻalahi i ka ʻāina. Eia nō naʻe, ua lilo nā holoholona i ka hapa nui o ko lākou ola i ke kai, akā i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa ua hoʻololi lākou i ka noho ʻana i lalo o ka wai a lilo loa lākou i ka hiki ke neʻe i ka ʻāina.
A i kēia manawa ʻaʻole paʻa ko lākou mau palapū palupalu i kahi kino, hapalua o ke tona. Mālama nā peʻa i kā lākou hana pololei - e hoʻolako i ka ʻauʻau ʻana, a ʻoi aku ka makemake o nā dugong makua e hoʻohana i ka fin caudal, a makemake nā ʻōpio i nā pectorals.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻaleʻa loa ka poʻe ʻauʻauʻau dugong: ʻimi lākou i ka hohonu o ke kai ma kahi o 10 km / h ka wikiwiki, ʻaneʻane ʻelua manawa (a i 18 km / h) wale nō i ka manawa o ka weliweli. Hiki i ka dugong ke noho ma lalo o ka wai ma kahi o ka hapahā o ka hola a i ka wā o ka pāʻina wale nō e piʻi pinepine i ka papa, i kēlā me kēia 2-3 mau minuke. No ka hapanui o ka lā, ʻimi nā dugong i ka meaʻai, ʻaʻole e nānā nui i nā hola o ke ao, e like me ka hoʻololi ʻana o ke kai. Mālama lākou, ma ke ʻano he kaawale, kekahi i kekahi, hui pū i nā hui kahi nui nā meaʻai. Hiki ke helu ʻia nā kaiāulu kūlohelohe mai 6 a hiki i nā haneli mau kānaka.
Hoihoi ia! ʻOi aku kahi ʻumeke dugong i kahi makaʻu i kahi makaʻu, hana kahi dugong liʻiliʻi i kahi kani e like me ke kahe ʻana. He maikaʻi ʻole nā maka o nā holoholona, akā he lohe maikaʻi. Hoʻolālā lākou i ka noho pio ʻana ma mua o ka manatees.
Kūpono ʻo Dugongs i kahi nohona noho, akā neʻe mau kekahi poʻe. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā neʻe o ke kau a me kēlā me kēia lā e ka loaʻa o ka meaʻai, nā fluctuations i ka pae o ka wai a me ka mahana, a me nā mea anthropogenic maikaʻi ʻole. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ia neʻe ʻana, e like me ka biologists, ke hoʻokokoke nei i nā haneli a me nā kaukani mau kilomita.
Pehea ka lōʻihi e ola ai kahi dugong
Ua ʻae nā Zoologists hiki i ka dugong maʻamau (me nā kumu kūwaho maikaʻi) ke ola i ke ola kanaka maʻamau a hiki i 70 mau makahiki.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
I nā makahiki he mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua pālahalaha ka pae o nā dugong i ka ʻākau, a hōʻea i ke komohana o ka ʻāina ʻo ʻEulopa. I kēia manawa, ua piʻoloke kahi, akā naʻe, uhi mau ia i nā mokuʻāina he 48 a ʻaneʻane 140 tausani km o ka palena ʻāina.
Hiki ke loaʻa kēia mau hulks kai maikaʻi i nā kihi o ka honua e like me:
- ʻaneʻane nā ʻāina āpau o Hikina Hema Asia (me nā wahi komohana o Madagascar a me India);
- nā kai kahakai i ka hikina o ka ʻāina ʻApelika;
- ma ke kahakai o ka hapa ʻākau o Australia;
- mawaena o na akoako akoakoa o ke awawa o Peresia a me ke Kaiula;
- ma ke Kai ʻAlapia, ma Pilipine a ma ka Moana o Johor.
Hoihoi ia! I kēia lā, ʻo ka heluna nui loa o nā dugongs (ʻoi aku ma mua o 10 tausani mau kānaka) i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka Great Barrier Reef a ma ka Torres Strait.
ʻAʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia ka helu kikoʻī o nā holoholona e noho ana ma ke awāwa ʻo Persian, akā, e like me kekahi ʻike, ua like ia me 7.5 tausani mau poʻo. Ma waho o ke kapakai o Iapana, heʻuʻuku nā pūʻali o nā dugong a helu ʻole ʻia ma mua o kanalima mau holoholona.
Noho ʻo Dugongs i nā kahakai pāpaʻu a me nā kahawai me ko lākou wai kai kahakai, i kekahi manawa e komo i loko o ke kai ākea, kahi e komo ʻole ai ma lalo o 10-20 m. Pili ka nohona o nā holoholona i ke kū ʻana / ʻole o kahi waihona meaʻai (ka nui o nā limu a me nā mauʻu).
ʻAiʻai Dugong
Hiki i 40 kg o nā mea kanu - ʻo kēia ka nui o nā meaʻai e hoʻopau ʻia e ka dugong i kēlā me kēia lā... No ka hānai ʻana, ʻauʻau lākou i loko o ka wai pāpaʻu, maʻa mau i nā ʻākoʻakoʻa, kahi e papau ai ka hohonu, a piholo i 1-5 mau mika. Lawe ka hānai ʻana i ka wai i kahi hapanui (a hiki i ka 98%) o kā lākou hana ikaika: neʻe pinepine lākou ma ka lalo, kaukaʻi i kā lākou mau pahu i mua.
ʻO ka papaʻai maʻamau a ka dugong:
- nā mea kanu wai (ʻo ka hapanui mai nā ʻohana-racist / pdestine ʻohana);
- limu;
- nā vertebrates benthic liʻiliʻi;
- nā crustacea liʻiliʻi, me nā pāpaʻi.
Mea nui! Lawe ʻia ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka meaʻai protein: pono i nā dugongs e ʻai i nā holoholona ma muli o ka hōʻemi nui ʻana o kā lākou lako meaʻai maʻamau. Me ka ʻole o nā meaʻai kōkua, ʻaʻole e ola nā dugongs i kekahi mau lālā o ka Moana ʻInikia.
Luku mālie nā holoholona i ka lalo, ʻokiʻoki i nā mea kanu me ka lehelehe luna o ka mākala. Hele pū ka ʻimi ʻana me nā aʻa momona me ka hāpai ʻana o kahi ʻōpua kūpilikiʻi mai ke one a me ka lepo o lalo. Ma ke ala, mai nā ʻano furrow ʻano hiki ke maopopo i kekahi mea ʻono kahi dugong i neʻe nei.
E hoihoi pū kekahi:
- He moʻo moʻo koholā
- ʻO koholā Orca a i ʻole Dolphin?
- Mano keokeo nui
Maʻemaʻe ʻo ia a, ma mua o ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā mea kanu i loko o ka waha, holoi pono iā ia, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka alelo calloused a me ka palate i ka nau ʻana i ka meaʻai. ʻO ka pinepine, huki nā dugong i nā limu ma kahakai, e hoʻomaka ana e ʻai wale nō ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka silt.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Hoʻomaopopo ʻole ʻia ka hana hou ʻana o Dugong. ʻIke ʻia i ka moena o ka makahiki a puni, a hōʻea i kona piko i nā mahina like ʻole e pili ana i ka wahi..
E hakakā nā kāne no nā wahine, e hoʻohana ana i kā lākou mau kua, akā hoʻoneʻe ʻia lākou mai ka hānai ʻana i nā keiki. Hoʻokahi mau makahiki ka lōʻihi o ka hāpai ʻana, pau me ka hiʻona o hoʻokahi, ma ka liʻiliʻi he 2 mau pēpē. Hānau ʻia nā wahine i loko o ka wai pāpaʻu, kahi e hānau ai kahi keiki bipi kauō nona ke kaupaona he 20-35 kg a me ka lōʻihi o 1-1.2 m.
Hoihoi ia! I ka mua, halihali ka makuahine i ke keiki me ia, ʻapo iā ia me nā palule. Ke bapetizo ʻia, paʻa paʻa ʻo ia i ke kua o ka makuahine, a hānai i ka waiū i kahi kūwili.
Ma kona 3 mau mahina, hoʻomaka ka cub e ʻai i ka mauʻu, akā hoʻomau i ka inu ʻana i ka waiū umauma a hiki i ka 1-1.5 mau makahiki. Ke ulu nei, ka ʻohana ʻōpio i hipa i loko o ka wai pāpaʻu. Kū ka hānau ma mua o 9-10 mau makahiki.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
Hoʻouka ʻia nā holoholona ʻōpio e nā manō nunui, nā mākua - e nā kohola kohola a me nā crocodile i hui ʻia. Akā ʻo ka hoʻoweliweli koʻikoʻi loa i nā dugongs mai nā kānaka a me kā lākou mau hana.
Nā kumu maikaʻi maikaʻi ʻole:
- hopu pio ʻole ʻia e nā kapa;
- hoʻohaumia kemikala, me ka ninini aila;
- ʻeha e nā motuka waho;
- haumia ea (kani);
- nā loli (ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana a me nā hanana nui loa);
- hoʻololi i nā wahi nohona ma muli o ka hoʻouna ʻana, cyclones / tsunamis, kūkulu kapakai;
- ka nalowale ʻana o ka mauʻu o ke kai, e pili ana i ka huki ʻana i nā mea kūʻai aku, wai inu wai ʻona, hana hou ʻana a me ka ʻeli ʻana.
Pepehi ʻia nā dugong he nui e ka poʻe ʻimi holoholona, kū kānāwai a kū ʻole hoʻi i ke kānāwai. Hāʻawi kahi holoholona i kaupaona 200-300 kg ma kahi o 24-56 kg o ka momona. Hoʻohui ʻia, "hāʻawi" nā dugongs i ke kanaka me ka ʻiʻo (e like me ka ʻono i ka veal), ka ʻili / iwi (i hoʻohana ʻia no nā trinkets) a me nā mea ponoʻī (hoʻohana ʻia i nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe)
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
ʻO ka ʻohiʻohi ʻole ʻia a me ka luku ʻana i ka nohona i alakaʻi ʻia i ka lilo o ka heluna kanaka i ka hapa nui o ka pae, a i kēia manawa pāpā ʻia ka hopu ʻana i nā holoholona me nā ʻupena.... Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻimi i nā dugongs me nā harpoons mai nā moku. ʻAʻole pili ka pāpā i ka lawaiʻa ʻōiwi.
ʻO Dugong me ke kūlana o "nā lāhui palupalu" i loko o ka Red Book o ka International Union for Conservation of Nature. Hoʻohui ʻia, hoʻokomo ʻia ka laha i loko o nā palapala pale kaiapuni ʻē aʻe, e like me:
- Convention ma Migratory Species o nā holoholona hihiu;
- ʻO ka Convention on Biological Diversity;
- ʻO ka Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna a me Flora;
- ʻO ka Coral Triangle Initiative;
- Convention on Wetlands.
Manaʻo nā Conservationist he pono i nā dugongs (me ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā hana ʻahaʻōlelo) i nā hana hoʻokele kūpono e hōʻemi ai i ka hopena anthropogenic i kā lākou holoholona.
Mea nui! I loko nō o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka mālama ʻana i nā mea e uhi ai i nā ʻāina he nui, aia wale nō ma Australia wale nō ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka hoʻokō pololei loa o ke kānāwai.
ʻ statelelo nā biologists i ka hapa nui o nā wahi pale ʻē aʻe, kākau ʻia ka hoʻomalu dugong ma ka pepa, akā ʻaʻole mahalo ʻia i ke ola maoli.
