ʻO ka carp kālā (lat. Carassius gibelio, a i ʻole C. auratus gibelio) he lunamakaʻāinana no kahi iʻa i piha ʻia me ka wai piha i piha i ka wai piha i piha i ka wai. No nā kāhuna Carp a me nā ʻohana Carp nui mai ka ʻoka Carp nā kālā cribians. Kāhea pinepine nā mea lawaiʻa kūpaka i kēlā iʻa i kāpae crus oblong a i ʻole hybrid.
Hōʻike o ka iʻa gula
ʻO ka hapanui o nā mea kaulana, a me nā lāhui hou a me nā ʻāpana o nā holoholona wai anuanu me ke ʻano o ke kino i kū i ke ʻano o nā iʻa i hoʻopau ʻia (Astinorterygii). ʻO ka ʻōnaehana maʻamau o ka iʻa i hoʻopau ʻia ʻo Ray sub finned ʻaʻole i hoʻokumu piha ʻia i kēia manawa, akā ua hōʻoia ka ʻepekema ʻo ia ʻano like ʻole i nā holoholona ʻano, me ka iʻa iʻa, ʻano ʻokoʻa loa i ke ala o ke ola a me nā nohona kumu.
Helehelena
ʻO nā ʻāpala kālā he nui a ʻokoʻa loa hoʻi ka ʻike ʻia mai nā lāhulu ʻaʻole nui iki - Golden, a i ʻole ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo Carp carpius (Carassius carassius)... ʻO ka ʻāpana waha o Carassius gibelio, a i ʻole C. auratus gibelio o ke ʻano hope loa, me ka loaʻa ʻole o nā antennae. ʻO ka mahele peritoneal i loko o ia iʻa iʻa hou ʻaʻole pigment. ʻOi ka lōʻihi o ka fin dorsal a hāwili ʻia i ke ʻano i loko. ʻO nā niho pharyngeal he ʻano lalani hoʻokahi.
Hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia i nā ʻokoʻa nui loa i nā unahi waihoʻoluʻu māmā, a me kahi kiʻekiʻe o ke kino i lalo. ʻO ka hapanui pinepine, ke kala o nā unahi o kēlā pēpē koleka he kala kala hina a ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha, akā i kekahi manawa aia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona i loaʻa i ke kala gula a me ka ʻalani a ʻalani a ʻalani hoʻi i kū ʻole i kēia ʻano. ʻAno aniani ka mōakāka, nā ʻoliva māmā a hina paha i ke kala, me kahi aniani ʻalani.
Hiki ke hoʻololi i nā hōʻailona o ka lākiō o ke kiʻekiʻe a me ka lōʻihi o ke kino ma lalo o ka mana o kekahi mau kumu kūwaho, e like me nā peculiarities o nā kūlana i ka iʻa iʻa. Eia kekahi, ʻo kahi hiʻohiʻona kūlike ke ʻano o ke kukuna mua o nā anal a me nā dorsal fins, ʻo ia ka iwi kuamoo paʻakikī me ka serrated. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā kukuna fin āpau e ʻike ʻia e ka palupalu lawa.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO ka mākaukau kupaianaha o ka iʻa iʻa i lawa maʻalahi e hoʻomaʻa i nā ʻano kaiapuni like ʻole a me ka loli o ka hiʻona e like me lākou, i hiki ai ke hoʻomohala i kahi ʻano iʻa hou a hoihoi, i kapa ʻia ʻo "Goldfish".
I nā wahi me ka hemahema o ka meaʻai, ʻoi aku ka ulu o nā mākua ma mua o ka pāma. ʻO ke kaupaona o nā iʻa gula i ke alo o kahi waihona meaʻai paʻa a paʻa paʻa pinepine ʻole ʻia ma mua o ʻelua kilokika a ʻoi iki paha, me ka awelika o ka lōʻihi o ke kino o kahi mākua ma kahi o 40-42 cm.
Ka hana a me ka nohona
ʻO ka maʻamau, noho ka iʻa gula kokoke i ka lalo a piʻi i loko o nā mānoanoa o nā mea kanu o lalo o ka wai. I ke kahua o ke kauwela lehulehu o nā mea kolo, piʻi pinepine ka iʻa lepid voriful i nā papa wai luna.
Wahi a ko lākou ʻano o ke ola ʻana, no ka mahele o ke iʻa kula nā kolio, akā hiki i nā mākua nui ke mālama i kēlā me kēia.
I nā ʻano ʻano wai ʻokoʻa, ʻaʻole like nā mea kuhikuhi o ka hana iʻa i kēlā me kēia lā.... ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo ka piko o ka hana i ke ahiahi a me nā hola o ke kakahiaka, akā i kekahi mau loko a me nā loko iʻa, hānai wale nā kolona cargo i ka pō, ma muli o ke kū mai o nā iʻa heihei weliweli. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻohuli ʻia ka hana a Carassius gibelio e nā kūlana aniau a me nā hoʻololi o ke kau.
Hoihoi ia! He makaʻala ka Goldfish, akā he hana nui, me kahi noho maʻamau, akā i ka wā o ka spawning, hiki i nā mākua ke waiho i nā wai o ka loko i loko o nā kahawai a piʻi nui paha i nā kahawai.
I loko o nā wai o kahi loko e kahe ana a me kahi waihona wai holoi piha me kahi auhau oxygen maikaʻi, hiki i nā kāpena crianian ke mālama i ka hana holoʻokoʻa. I nā wai kū ʻole me ka likelika kiʻekiʻe o ka wī o ka oxygen, hibernate pinepine ka iʻa gula no kahi manawa lōʻihi. ʻO nā kumu i koi i ka iʻa e hōʻemi i kā lākou hana kūlohelohe me ka ʻōlelo "blooming" o nā wai i hoʻokumu ʻia e ke kū ʻana o kahi nui o ka phytoplankton.
Wā ola
E like me ka hōʻike ʻana o nā wā lōʻihi, ʻo ke ola maʻamau o ka iʻa gula ma kahi o ʻeiwa mau makahiki, akā ʻo ka poʻe mākua a me nā kānaka nui kekahi maʻamau, ʻo ka makahiki i ʻoi aku i ka ʻumikūmālua mau makahiki.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Loaʻa nā carps kālā i loko o nā kīʻaha o nā kahawai e like me ka Danube a me Dnieper, Prut a me Volga, a me nā wahi haʻahaʻa o ka Amu Darya a me Syr Darya. ʻO nā ʻelele o nā iʻa i hoʻopau ʻia me ka wai hou i laha nui ʻia i loko o nā wai o nā loko wai hālana o nā kahawai ʻo Siberian a ma ke kahawai ʻo Amur, i nā wai o ka muliwai o Primorye, a me nā waihona wai i Korea a me Kina. ʻO ka mahele hāʻawi kūlohelohe o ka iʻa iʻa he paʻakikī loa e hoʻihoʻi, akā ua hoʻohālikelike maikaʻi ʻia kēlā ʻano iʻa i nā kahe, nā ʻano iʻa a me nā loko iʻa āpau, no laila ke noho pū me ka iʻa gula
I nā makahiki i hala aku nei, ke hoʻolaha ikaika nei nā iʻa i loko o nā wahi noho hou o kēia ʻano, a hiki nō hoʻi ke hoʻoneʻe i nā iʻa gula, ma muli o ka hoʻomanawanui o nā lāhui maikaʻi a me ka hiki ke ola i nā wai me nā pae oxygen haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa. I nā wā maloʻo, ke maloʻo maoli ke kahawai, burrow ka carp crus i loko o ka papa lepo, e hohonu ana he kanahiku kenimika, kahi maʻalahi loa e "kali" i ka manawa maikaʻi ʻole.
He mea kupanaha nō hoʻi hiki i nā lunamaka o kēia laha ke noho kūpono piha i ka wā hoʻoilo i nā kino wai e paʻa i lalo. Hiki i nā koleka paʻa ke ola i nā lā ʻekolu i loko o nā ipu ea a i ʻole nā hīnaʻi i piha i ka mauʻu i hoʻomaʻū maikaʻi ʻia. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka make wikiwiki o kēlā iʻa ke kumu ʻia e ka oversaturation o ka wai me ka hydrogen sulfide, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i ʻona loa i nā mea ola.
ʻO ka nui o ka noho ʻana o nā waihona wai hou e ka carp kālā he mea kupaianaha wale nō ia, a e like me ia mau hōʻailona, hoʻokūkū paha kēia ʻano me ka Verkhovka unpretentious. Ua hōʻike kekahi o nā mahiʻai iʻa i ka manaʻo o ke kāpena kālā i loko o nā waihona wai o ko mākou ʻāina i kūleʻa aku i ka hapa nui o ko lākou mau hoahānau kokoke. Eia nō naʻe, makemake nā iʻa iʻa i nā kino wai wela me ka wai stagnant a me kahi haʻahaʻa palupalu. I nā kahawai, he ʻano laha kēia ʻano iʻa a hoʻāʻo e noho i nā wahi me ke au lohi.... I loko o ka wai o nā loko e kahe ana a me nā loko iʻa, kākaʻikahi nō hoʻi nā kāpena crian o kēia ʻano.
ʻO ka ʻai o ka iʻa gula
ʻO nā mea ʻai nui o ka iʻa gula omnivorous:
- wai invertebrates;
- invertebrates semi-aquatic;
- nā mea kolo a me ko lākou pae larval;
- nā limu like ʻole;
- mea kanu kiʻekiʻe;
- mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe kino.
I ka papaʻai o ka iʻa gula, hāʻawi nui ʻia i ka meaʻai o nā mea kanu, a me planktonic, crustaceans. Eia nō naʻe, me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kau anuanu, ua makemake ʻia nā meaʻai holoholona.
ʻO nā wahi momona i ka loko iʻa a me nā loko wai e hoʻopili i nā wahi lepo a me kahi e kokoke ana i ke kahakai, waiwai i nā mānoanoa o nā mea kanu semi-aquatic. Aia ia ma ia mau wahi i hemo ʻia ka detritus a me nā ʻano invertebrates mai ka ʻāpana kumu o nā mea kanu. Ke hānai ʻana i ke kai. I nā wai o ka muliwai, mālama ka carp kālā i nā kahawai me kahi au akahai a lohi paha. ʻO nā mānoanoa o nā mea kanu o lalo o ka wai a me nā waha o nā mea hoʻoili, nā ʻano nāhelehele āpau e kau haʻahaʻa ana ma luna o ka wai a he mea maikaʻi hoʻi no nā mea keʻa.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Hiki i ke kala gula i ke kino moekolohe i ka makahiki o ʻelua a ʻehā mau makahiki, akā aia wale nō ka hana hou ʻana ke loaʻa ka mahana o ka wai ma 13-15 ° C. Koho ʻia nā wahi lalo, ulu nui ʻia me nā lau nahele, i kahua hoʻomomona no nā iʻa.... ʻO ka spawning, ma ke ʻano he rula, i nā ʻāpana, akā ʻike ʻia nā lunamakaʻāinana o kekahi mau waihona wai ʻanuʻu e ka ʻōpū ʻana o nā hua i hoʻokahi anuu. Hū aʻe nā kaʻa Crucian i ka wā mālie a mehana, pinepine i ke ahiahi a i ke alaula, a i ka pō hoʻi. Hāʻawi ke anilā maikaʻi i ka lawaiʻa ʻoi loa a me ka wā pōkole, a i nā wā ʻino maikaʻi ʻole, ʻike ʻia ke kaʻina.
E hoihoi pū kekahi:
- ʻO Grayling
- ʻĀʻā
- Asp
- ʻO Semaya a ʻo Shamayka paha
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka iʻa wahine wahine e kahi ʻano gynogenesis, i hōʻike ʻia e ka hoʻohua maʻamau, lawe ʻia me ka ʻole o ke kāne o kēia ʻano. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o kēia ʻano hana ka hiki ke hoʻomomona i nā hua iʻa iʻa me ka waiū o nā ʻāpau carp ʻē aʻe, e like me ka carp, carp, tench a me ka iʻa gula.
I kēia hihia, ʻaʻole kū ka fertilization piha, no laila, hoʻopau ka stimulate o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā hua manu me ke ʻano o nā larvae, nā kope kope o ka wahine. ʻO kēia ke kumu i hōʻike ʻia ai ka heluna kanaka o kekahi mau wai wai e nā wahine wale nō.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā huapalapala morphological o ka iʻa iʻa e noho ana i nā ʻano kaiaolaola like ʻole, ua hiki ke hoʻokumu i ke kēkelē o ka morphological variability i ʻike ʻia i kēia ʻano. Minamina nui mākou, i loko o nā kino wai he lehulehu ka lehulehu o nā iʻa gula, a me nā ʻano iʻa ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia e nā "ʻenemi kūlohelohe mau", ʻo kekahi o ia mea ʻo Amur ka mea hiamoe.
Hoihoi ia! E hoʻomanaʻo, ʻoiai ka nui o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe ʻole o nā koleka makua, makemake ka iʻa iʻa i kahi ʻano akahele ake akahele.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻokoʻa ka carps gula, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopau loa ʻia ka iʻa iʻa e nā rotans, ma muli o ka hana o nā ʻano kiʻekiʻe.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
I nā kūlana o ka lawa kūpono o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka wai kūloko a me ka ichthyology, lilo i mea wikiwiki e hoʻopaʻa i nā noho iʻa kūlohelohe āpau e noho nei i nā kino wai he nui o ko mākou ʻāina. E like me nā mea i ʻike ʻia, i loko o nā kanalima mau makahiki i hala iho nei, ke hoʻonui mau nei ka ʻāpana kālā Carp i kona nui piha i nā kīʻaha wai like ʻole a me nā ʻano wai like ʻole, no laila ke ākea loa ka laulā o kēia iʻa.
ʻO ke kumu nui o ka hoʻolaha hoʻolaha ʻana i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka Amur form, hybridizing me ka iʻa gula a me kekahi carp ʻē aʻe. I waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, loaʻa i ka iʻa gula kahi plasticity ākea ākea, no laila, mālama ʻia ka nui o nā kānaka āpau ke noho nei i nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole e ʻoluʻolu ʻole ʻole ʻole nā iʻa. ʻO ke kūlana o nā ʻano iʻa gula: ʻo ka iʻa kahi mea nui a puni ʻole o ka lawaiʻa kūloko wale nō, akā ʻo ka lawaiʻa amatir a me nā haʻuki hoʻi.
Waiwai kālepa
Nui nā lunamaka o ka carp, e like me ka iʻa gula, he iʻa kālepa waiwai nui.... Ua hoʻolauna ʻia nā Lunamakaʻāinana o kēia ʻano i loko o ka wai ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, ma nā loko iʻa o Thailand, ʻEulopa Komohana a me India.
I kēia mau lā, ua aʻa maikaʻi ka iʻa gula, mahalo i lilo ʻia i iʻa kālepa kaulana i ko mākou ʻāina, i nā loko o Kamchatka. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, hānai pinepine ʻia ka iʻa gula i nā mahi loko iʻa a i hānai ʻia paha e nā mahiʻai. Ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ua lilo nā ʻāpana o ka iʻa gula i kumu no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka iʻa iʻa a me nā mea hoʻonani ʻē aʻe i Kina.
