ʻO ka ʻāpana manu kahi manu i lohe nui ʻia e ka poʻe he nui. ʻO ka like o waho me ka moa maʻamau a me ke ʻano o ke aʻa like i ka inoa, eia naʻe nā hōʻailona hoʻopunipuni. No ka ʻohana pheasant kēia manu, a hoʻohana i ke kala inconspicuous, e like me kēlā o nā moa, no nā hana kāmeka wale nō. Aia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe o kēia manu kupaianaha, a mākou e kūkākūkā ai i kēia ʻatikala.
Wehewehe ʻāpana
No nā ʻohana pheasant nā ʻāpana, nā ʻohana ʻāpana a me nā kahawai grouse, e komo pū ana ma mua o 22 mau moʻokūʻauhau, kēlā me kēia mea mai hoʻokahi a 46 mau ʻohana. Eia nō naʻe, me ka ʻokoʻa o nā ʻano, lōkahi nā manu āpau e kahi nohona noho, ke kala inconspicuous, ka liʻiliʻi a me ka hoʻomanawanui ʻole i nā kūlana koʻikoʻi.
Helehelena
ʻO ke ʻano o nā ʻāpana ʻāpana like ka like: he manu liʻiliʻi ia... Ua piʻi ko lākou kiʻekiʻe i 35 knm, akā ʻaʻole iki kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka paona he hapalua kilokilo. Koe no ka grouse ke kaupaona ʻana a hiki i ka 1800 gram. ʻO ka plumage luna he hina hina. Aia paha he kumu o nā ʻāpana ʻeleʻele e hana hou i ka ʻāpana ʻēheu. Kūleʻa kekahi mau laha i ko lākou mau wāwae, ʻo kekahi ʻaʻole. Palupalu ka dimorphism moekolohe, akā ʻoi aku ka pale o ka wahine i ke kala.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Alakaʻi nā Partridges i kahi nohona terrestrial, hānai nui i nā meaʻai mea kanu. Makemake lākou e pūnana ma ka honua, e like me nā pheasants he nui. Hūnā lākou i ko lākou mau home i nā ulu lāʻau o nā lau a me nā nāhelehele.
ʻO ke kaulana nui o ka ʻiʻo manu piʻipiʻi i waena o nā mea hōʻole. Holo nā lio, nānā a puni, hoʻolohe a nānā pono ʻana: aia paha kahi makaʻu a puni. E like me ka hapa nui o nā pheasants, ʻaʻole ka lele ka lae ʻoi loa o ka ikaika o ka partridge. Akā ʻo ka holo ʻaoʻao he maikaʻi loa.
Hoihoi ia! He monogamous kēia mau manu i kā lākou koho kāne. I kēlā me kēia manawa i ka wā moena ʻike lākou i kā lākou hoa kāne a me ka pūnana. ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe nā ʻāpana ʻo Madagascar
No ka hapa nui o ko lākou ola, hoʻāʻo nā partridges e ʻumeʻume i ka nānā. Hele mālie loa lākou, me ka mālie. I ka hoʻoilo, hōʻiliʻili lākou i kahi mālama momona momona nui, kahi e ʻae ai iā lākou e haʻalele i ko lākou mau wahi hoʻomalu i nā manawa wale nō. Alakaʻi lākou i kahi nohona o ke ao. Loaʻa ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai i kahi manawa pōkole, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻekolu mau hola i ka lā.
Ehia mau partridges e ola nei
I ka noho pio ʻana, ma muli o ka luku mau ʻia e nā mea ʻānai a me nā mea ʻimi holoholona, noho manuahi nā partridges a ʻehā mau makahiki.
ʻAno Partridge
No ka ʻohana pheasant ka hapa nui o nā partridges, ka subfamily o ka ʻāpana (Perdicinae), me 22 mau punana. Akā, ʻo ka genus o ptarmigan no ka subfamily o ka grouse ʻeleʻele (Tetraoninae), ʻo ka genus Lagopus, e komo pū ana me nā ʻano: ptarmigan, huelo keʻokeʻo a me tundra.
E noonoo mua mākou i ka ʻohana o ka ʻāpana Perdicinae a e hoʻomaopopo i kāna mau lunamakaʻāinana kaulana loa.
- Kekliki (ʻAmelike). A i ʻole e kapa ʻia lākou he pōhaku pōhaku. ʻO kēia nā ʻohana pili loa o nā ʻāina wao akua. Aia he 7 mau ʻano: ʻĀkia, ʻEulopa, ʻāpana Przewalski, ʻāpana ʻulaʻula, ʻāpana poʻo ʻeleʻele, ʻāpana Arabia, paina pōhaku Barbary. No nā ʻāpana pōhaku o ke ʻano, kahi kaumaha o ke kino i ʻoi aku i ka nui i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. ʻOi aku ke kaumaha i 800 gram. Nā ʻĀina mai ka Caucasus a hiki i Altai. Hoʻolahalaha ʻia ma ʻAsia Waena. Makemake lākou e noho i nā kahawai mauna, kokoke i nā kahawai wai. Mālama ʻia ke kala i ka hina, nā leo lehu. Aia kahi hiʻohiʻona annular kūikawā i ka wahi o ka maka. Ma nā ʻaoʻao o kēia mau ʻāpana aia he mau kaha ʻōuli pouli. ʻUlaʻula ʻulaʻula ka ʻōpū i ke kala. ʻAi ʻo ia i nā hua, nā hua a me nā ʻōpuʻu, akā pākuʻi i nā mea āpau i hiki ke loaʻa nā aʻa mai ka lepo. Hauʻoli nō hoʻi ia i ka meaʻai o nā holoholona: nā geese, nā nalo, nā larvae.
- Wao puu Desert (ʻO Ammoperdix) Noho ka lāhui mai ka Armenian Highlands a India, a mai ke awāwa ʻo Persian a i ʻAkia Waena. Makemake i nā puʻu me nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi a me ka nui o nā ulu lāʻau no ka noho ʻana. Hinahina one i ke kala, me kahi aniani ʻulaʻula iki. Ma nā ʻaoʻao aia nā ākea ākea, nā ʻalani ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele. Loaʻa i nā kāne kahi ʻāpana ʻeleʻele ma ko lākou mau poʻo, e like me ka bandage. Makemake lākou e kūkulu i nā pūnana i nā wahi paʻakikī e hiki aku ai - ma nā pali, nā pali, ma lalo o nā pōhaku. Kaupaona nā manu makua 200-300 karamu. He mau monogamous kēia mau mea, akā hana ke kāne i kahi hana mediocre i ka hānai ʻana i nā keiki, ʻoiai ʻo ia kokoke i ka paʻa i ka manawa o ka incubation holoʻokoʻa. Hoʻomoe pinepine nā wahine wahine i 8 a 12 mau hua.
- ʻO Quail Kuahiwi Nūkini Hou (Anurophasis)
- Pākuʻi lāʻau (Arborophila) hoʻokomo i 18 mau ʻano. Hoʻolahalaha ʻia i nā tropika Hema Hema a me nā subtropics. I nā mauna o ka hema o Kina, loaʻa pū ma Tibet. Hiki iā lākou ke noho i 2700 mau mika ma luna o ka ʻilikai. Noho lākou i nā hui ʻohana a hiki i ka ʻumi mau mea a i ʻole pālua paha. Monogamous. Ma hope o ka male ʻana, hoʻomoe ʻia nā hua he 4-5. Hana ʻia ka Masonry i ka lepo, ma lalo o nā ululāʻau a i ʻole nā aʻa o kahi lāʻau. ʻAʻole like me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole kūkulu i nā pūnana. ʻO ke kala e hoʻomalu ʻia e nā kala ʻeleʻele, aia nā kiko ʻeleʻele liʻiliʻi. Loaʻa nā kāne e like me nā kiko, ʻo kēia ʻano ka ʻokoʻa wahine nui.
- Nā ʻāpana ʻohe (ʻO Bambusicola) noho ma ka ʻākau hikina o India, a ma nā panalāʻau o Yunnan a me Sichuan. Hoʻolahalaha ʻia ma Thailand, Laos, Vietnam.
- Paukū liʻiliʻi (ʻO Caloperdix)
- Quail (ʻO Coturnix) 8 mau mea ola ʻelua a ʻelua.
- ʻO Turachi (Francolinus) 46 mau laha. ʻO ka genus nui loa.
- Hoʻoulu i ka paukū ʻāpana (Galloperdix). Hoʻokomo ʻia ka genus i 3 mau ʻano: Sri clawed Sri Lankan, pena ʻia a me nā ʻāpana ʻulaʻula. ʻO ka mea kaulana loa ka ʻāpana clawed Sri Lankan, kahi e alakaʻi ai i kahi nohona malū loa. O nā hiʻohiʻona o waho: ʻeleʻele ka ʻaoʻao luna o ka plumage o nā wahine. Hoʻohālikelike nā kāne i ke kala: aia nā pā o ka ʻulaʻula me ka hulu ʻole. Ma ke poʻo kahi hiʻohiʻona ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo. Nā kiko keʻokeʻo ma nā ʻeheu. ʻElua mau lōʻihi lōʻihi ma nā wāwae.
- ʻĀpana poʻo ʻulaʻula (Haematortyx). ʻO kahi lunamakaʻāinana hoihoi, noho i ka nahele subtropical a tropical tropical o Indonesia a me Malaysia.
- Pā hau hau (Lerwa) ʻo ia wale nō ka lunamakaʻāinana o ka genus. Noho lākou mai Himalayas a Tibet. Noho lākou ma nā pali i hoʻokahi makahiki a i 5500 mau mika ma luna o kaʻilikai. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona kūʻokoʻa ka spurs ma nā wāwae o nā kāne. ʻO nā kaha ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo ma ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī. ʻO ka nuku a me nā wāwae he ʻākoʻo nani.
- ʻĀpana Madagascar (ʻO Margaroperdix). He ʻano laha ia, ʻo ia wale nō, i Madagascar wale nō ia e noho ai. Makemake i nā mānoanoa o nā nāhelehele a me nā mauʻu kiʻekiʻe, a me nā māla i haʻalele ʻia e ulu i ka mauʻu. ʻO kahi ʻano nui. Piʻi ke kiʻekiʻe i 30 knm. Hōʻike nui ʻia ka dimorphism moekolohe. Mālamalama nā kāne, e ʻumeʻume i ka nānā i ke kala. Ma hope o ka male ʻana, hoʻomoe ka wahine i nā hua he nui - a i ka iwakālua. ʻAʻole kēia ka hihia no nā pale ʻē aʻe.
- Paukū ʻeleʻele (Melanoperdix) loaʻa i nā wahi o Malaysia, Borneo, Hikina Hema ʻAsia. Hoʻokomo ʻia ia i loko o ka Red Data Book ma ke ʻano he lāhui ʻaneʻane pau mua.
- Himalayan pūlima (ʻOphrysia) ʻo ka lunamakaʻāinana wale nō, ma ke kaʻe o ka make.
- Kolo ʻao (Perdicula).
- Pōhaku pōhaku (Ptilopachus). ʻO ka lunamakaʻāinana wale nō o ka genus. Loaʻa ma ʻApelika wale nō. Hōʻike ia i nā ʻūlū ʻulaʻula me ka ʻole o ka spurs a me ka huelo e like me ka moa.
- Pālolo hoʻolōʻihi ʻia (Rhizothera)
- Nā Partridges (Perdix) 3 mau ʻano: ʻāpana hina, Tibet, ʻumiʻumi.
- Nā pale kalaunu (Rollulus rouloul) ʻo ia wale nō ka laha o ka genus. Noho ʻo ia ma nā ululāʻau tropical. Ulu a makua i 25 kenimika ke kiʻekiʻe. ʻOkoʻa ia mai nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe o nā partridges i kona kala ʻōlinolino a ʻano ʻokoʻa. ʻAno ʻeleʻele ke kino o ka manu, me kahi aniani uliuli i nā kāne a ʻōmaʻomaʻo i nā wahine.
Ma ke poʻo kahi kīkaha fluffy ʻulaʻula nani, ʻano like me kahi palaki. ʻO ka papaʻai o kēia manu ʻaʻole wale nā hua a me nā hua. ʻAʻole makemake kēia ʻano i ka ʻaina me nā ʻelala, mollusks. He hoihoi a ʻano ʻē ke ala o kā lākou pūnana ʻana: ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻokomo i nā moa, akā lawe iā lākou i mau mākua i loko o ka "hale" i kūkulu ʻia me ka puka a me ka hale, e pani ana i ka puka me nā lālā. - Ulary (ʻO Tetraogallus) 5 lunamakaʻāinana.
- ʻO Kundyki (ʻO Tetraophasis)
Ma hope aʻe, e noʻonoʻo i ka subfamily o ka ʻeleʻele grouse (Tetraoninae), genus White partridges, ʻanoʻano: keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, keʻokeʻo-huelo a me ka tundra.
- Pālena keʻokeʻo (Lagopus lagopus) noho i ka ʻākau o Eurasia a me ʻAmelika. Noho pū kekahi ma Greenland a me nā mokupuni ʻo Pelekane. Hāʻawi ʻia ma Kamchatka a me Sakhalin. ʻO ke kala i ka hoʻoilo he keʻokeʻo me kahi huelo ʻeleʻele ʻano, a i ke kauwela e lilo ia i brown-ocher. Loaʻa iā ia nā ākea ākea, hulu i ka hulu, kahi e ʻae ai iā ia e lanakila manuahi i nā uhi hau. E like me kā Alfred Brehm i kuhikuhi ai i loko o kāna puke Animal Life, hiki i ka ptarmigan ke hoʻolei i loko o ka hau e ʻimi no ka meaʻai. I ka hoʻoilo, hānai lākou i nā ʻōpuʻu, nā hua maloʻo a maloʻo hoʻi. ʻO ka papaʻai kau wela nā lau, nā pua, nā pua, nā kolo.
- Tundra pālua (Lagopus mutus) noho i ka latitu ʻākau. Ma waho, he ʻano like ia me ka ptarmigan. ʻOkoʻa ia mai iā ia i kahi ʻāpana ʻeleʻele e hele ana i ka maka. ʻAe kēia palena ʻāina iā ʻoe e hoʻokaʻawale ma waena o ʻelua ʻano o nā partridges. ʻO ka nui o nā kala. I ke kauwela, ʻoi aku ka hina o ke kala. Alakaʻi i kahi nohona noho a me ka nohona. Makemake e mālama i nā hipa liʻiliʻi. Kūkulu ʻia nā pūnana ma nā wahi pōhaku, ma nā pali o nā puʻu, ulu nui ʻia me nā nāhelehele. ʻO ka pūnana he lua i uhi ʻia i nā lau a me nā lālā. I nā pūnana, hiki ke ʻike ʻia he 6 a 12 mau hua.
- Paukā huelo keʻokeʻo (Nā leucurus Lagopus) ʻO ia ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o ptarmigan. Noho ʻo ia mai Central Alaska a i nā mokuʻāina ma ʻAmelika Hema komohana. ʻOkoʻa ia mai ka ptarmigan i keʻokeʻo loa, ʻaʻole i ka huelo ʻeleʻele. Loaʻa nā paona paona mai 800 a 1300 gram. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne. Noho lākou ma nā hipa liʻiliʻi a i ʻole pālua paha.
ʻO ka ʻāpana huelo keʻokeʻo ka hōʻailona aupuni o Alaska mai 1995.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
ʻO ka hoʻololi kupaianaha o nā palapū e ʻae iā lākou e noho i kahi wahi nui: mai ka Arctic Circle i nā subtropics ʻAmelika.
Pāʻai palaʻai
Makemake nā pāheona i nā hua, nā hua, nā hua, nā ʻōpuʻu, nā lau a me nā aʻa no ka meaʻai.... ʻO nā mea kanu mea kanu a pau e noho ana i loko o kā lākou wahi noho. Makemake lākou e ʻahaʻaina i nā mea kolo i kekahi manawa. I ka hoʻoilo, hānai kēia mau manu i nā hua hua hau, nā mea hoʻoilo, a me nā koena o nā ʻōpuʻu me nā hua.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Momona loa kēia mau manu. I ka puna, ʻike lākou i kā lākou pālua a i ʻole ʻano hoʻokahi. ʻAʻole like me nā pheasants, pale ka ʻāpana kāne i nā keiki a mālama i ka wahine. Aia ka pūnana mai 9 a 25 mau hua, i hoʻouluulu ʻia ma kahi o 20-24 mau lā. Ma hope o kēlā, i ka manawa like, i ka lā, hānau ʻia nā moa.
Mai nā minuke mua o ke ola, hōʻike maʻalahi ke keiki iā lākou iho me ka wikiwiki, e puka maoli mai ana mai ka pūpū, mākaukau lākou e ukali i ko lākou mau mākua. Ma hope o hoʻokahi pule, loaʻa i nā moa ka hiki ke hemo, a ma hope o 1.5-2 mau mahina ua like lākou me nā mākua.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
Nui nā ʻenemi o nā Partridges. ʻAneʻane ka poʻe liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a me nā mea nui nui i kā lākou wahi noho i hopu ʻia i nā ʻāpana. ʻO kēia nā ʻalopeke, nā pōpoki a me nā ʻīlio auwana, auwē, aʻa, ermines, ferrets, weasel, martens a me nā mea ʻai nui nui - lynx, nā ʻīlio hae, nā ʻūlū. A ʻoiai, ʻo ka ʻenemi nui ke kāne.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kūpaʻa ke kūlana o nā laha ma muli o ka momona nui o kēia mau manu.... Eia nō naʻe, kuhi ʻia kekahi mau mea kōkua i ka make. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻohe mea e weliweli ka hapanui.
